The Titiwangsa Mountains (Malay: Banjaran Titiwangsa,بنجرن تيتيوڠسا, pronounced [ˈband͡ʒaˈran titiwaŋˈsa]), also known as "Banjaran Besar" (Big Range) by locals, is the chain of mountains that forms the backbone of the Malay Peninsula. The northern section of the range is in southern Thailand, where it is known as Sankalakhiri Range (Thai: ทิวเขาสันกาลาคีรี, pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw sǎn.kāːlāːkʰīːrīː]).
The mountain range acts as a natural divider, dividing Peninsular Malaysia, as well as southernmost Thailand, into east and west coast regions. It is also the source of some major rivers of Peninsular Malaysia such as the Pahang, Perak, Kelantan, Klang and Muar. The length of mountain range is about 480 km from north to south.
Mogotes dot along the western edge of the range in Kinta District, Perak, part of the Kinta Valley National Geopark.
The Titiwangsa Mountains is part of a suture zone that runs north-south, starting in Thailand at the Nan-Uttaradit suture zone (partly coincident with the Dien Bien Phu fault), and extending south towards Peninsular Malaysia (Bentong-Raub suture zone).[1] The western half of the Titiwangsa Mountains in Peninsular Malaysia is an amalgamation of continental terranes known as Cimmeria or Indochina, whereas the eastern half is an amalgamation of continental terranes Sinoburmalaya or Sibumasu. These two halves of terranes were separated by the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.[2][3]
The Cimmeria was separated from Gondwana around 400 mya during the Devonian and rifted towards Laurasia, the northeastern arm of Pangea. It attached to Laurasia completely around 280 mya during the Late Permian.
Sibumasu terranes on the other hand, only started to separate from Gondwana during the Early Permian and rifted towards Indochina. The collision of Sibumasu terranes and Indochina terranes during 200mya Late Triassic resulted in the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and formation of the modern Titiwangsa Mountain belts.
Geography
Relief map of Peninsular Malaysia, highlighting its mountainous core. The Titiwangsa Mountains is the longest range running along the border between the states of Perak and Selangor on the west coast with Kelantan and Pahang on the east coast, eventually straddling across the state of Negeri Sembilan further south. Nearby systems include Keledang and Bintang Ranges to its northwest, Benom Range to the southeast, and Tahan Range to the east.
The Titiwangsa Mountains begins in the north as the Sankalakhiri Range, a prolongation of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Range which includes the smaller Pattani, Taluban, and Songkhla sub-ranges. The Sankalakhiri marks the border between the Southern Thailand provinces of Yala in west and Narathiwat in the east. Across the border into Malaysia, the main stretch of the range runs in a northwest-southeast orientation, straddling the borders between the west coast states of Perak and Selangor with Kelantan and Pahang on the eastern side of the peninsula. From the tripoint of Pahang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan near Mount Nuang, it then transverses through the middle of the state of Negeri Sembilan, also a west coast state, thus dividing the state into two regions - western Negeri Sembilan, which consists of Seremban, Port Dickson and Rembau Districts, and eastern Negeri Sembilan, composed of the districts of Jelebu, Kuala Pilah, Jempol and Tampin - and ends in the south near Tampin, in the southern part of the state. Foothills extend further southeastwards into Melaka and Johor with its terminus at Mount Pulai.
The highest elevation is 2,183 m (7,162 ft) Gunung Korbu. On the Thai side the highest point is 1,533 m Ulu Titi Basah (ยูลูติติ บาซาห์), at the Thai/Malaysian border between Yala Province and Perak.[5] In the southern foothills, the highest is 1,276 m Mount Ledang.
Two of Malaysia's largest metropolitan areas are located along the western fringes of the mountain range, namely Greater Kuala Lumpur (ranked #1) and Kinta Valley (ranked #4). The Kinta Valley Geopark encompasses the entirety of Kinta Valley, where kegelkarst topography is prevalent.
A number of roads cut through the Titiwangsa Forest Complex within the larger Central Forest Spine (CFS) conservation area.
^Racey, Andrew (2009). "Mesozoic red bed sequences in SE Asia and the significance of the Khorat Group of NE Thailand". In Buffetaut, Eric (ed.). Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. Geological Society of London. p. 46. ISBN9781862392755. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
^Metcalfe, I., 2000, "The Bentong-Raub Suture Zone", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 18, p. 691-712
^Metcalfe, I., 2002, "Permian tectonic framework and palaeogeography of SE Asia", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 551-566
^Avijit Gupta, The Physical Geography of Southeast 0Asia, Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN978-0-19-924802-5
^"Gunong Ulu Titi Basah, Thailand - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates".
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Titiwangsa Mountains.
Perak Tourism - Royal Belum State Park
Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary
January 19, 2023
titiwangsa, mountains, malay, banjaran, titiwangsa, بنجرن, تيتيوڠسا, pronounced, ˈband, ʒaˈran, titiwaŋˈsa, also, known, banjaran, besar, range, locals, chain, mountains, that, forms, backbone, malay, peninsula, northern, section, range, southern, thailand, wh. The Titiwangsa Mountains Malay Banjaran Titiwangsa بنجرن تيتيوڠسا pronounced ˈband ʒaˈran titiwaŋˈsa also known as Banjaran Besar Big Range by locals is the chain of mountains that forms the backbone of the Malay Peninsula The northern section of the range is in southern Thailand where it is known as Sankalakhiri Range Thai thiwekhasnkalakhiri pronounced tʰiw kʰǎw sǎn kaːlaːkʰiːriː Titiwangsa MountainsBanjaran Titiwangsa Besar Malay thiwekhasnkalakhiri Thai The view of the Titiwangsa Mountains near Mount Suku Highest pointPeakGunung KorbuElevation2 183 m 7 162 ft DimensionsLength480 km 300 mi NW SEWidth120 km 75 mi NE SWGeographyCountriesMalaysia and ThailandRange coordinates5 58 12 N 101 19 37 E 5 9699 N 101 3269 E 5 9699 101 3269 Coordinates 5 58 12 N 101 19 37 E 5 9699 N 101 3269 E 5 9699 101 3269Parent rangeTenasserim HillsGeologyAge of rockPermian and TriassicType of rockGranite and limestoneThe Titiwangsa during golden hour as viewed from the rural town of Ulu Yam Selangor The mountain range acts as a natural divider dividing Peninsular Malaysia as well as southernmost Thailand into east and west coast regions It is also the source of some major rivers of Peninsular Malaysia such as the Pahang Perak Kelantan Klang and Muar The length of mountain range is about 480 km from north to south Contents 1 Geology 2 Geography 3 Features 4 Protected areas 4 1 Thailand 4 2 Malaysia 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksGeology Edit Granite outcrops on the summit of Mount Datuk Rembau District Negeri Sembilan near the southern end of the range Mogotes dot along the western edge of the range in Kinta District Perak part of the Kinta Valley National Geopark The Titiwangsa Mountains is part of a suture zone that runs north south starting in Thailand at the Nan Uttaradit suture zone partly coincident with the Dien Bien Phu fault and extending south towards Peninsular Malaysia Bentong Raub suture zone 1 The western half of the Titiwangsa Mountains in Peninsular Malaysia is an amalgamation of continental terranes known as Cimmeria or Indochina whereas the eastern half is an amalgamation of continental terranes Sinoburmalaya or Sibumasu These two halves of terranes were separated by the Paleo Tethys Ocean 2 3 The Cimmeria was separated from Gondwana around 400 mya during the Devonian and rifted towards Laurasia the northeastern arm of Pangea It attached to Laurasia completely around 280 mya during the Late Permian Sibumasu terranes on the other hand only started to separate from Gondwana during the Early Permian and rifted towards Indochina The collision of Sibumasu terranes and Indochina terranes during 200mya Late Triassic resulted in the closure of the Paleo Tethys Ocean and formation of the modern Titiwangsa Mountain belts Geography Edit Relief map of Peninsular Malaysia highlighting its mountainous core The Titiwangsa Mountains is the longest range running along the border between the states of Perak and Selangor on the west coast with Kelantan and Pahang on the east coast eventually straddling across the state of Negeri Sembilan further south Nearby systems include Keledang and Bintang Ranges to its northwest Benom Range to the southeast and Tahan Range to the east This mountain range is a part of the wider Tenasserim Hills system It forms the southernmost section of the Indo Malayan cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus into the Malay Peninsula 4 The Titiwangsa Mountains begins in the north as the Sankalakhiri Range a prolongation of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Range which includes the smaller Pattani Taluban and Songkhla sub ranges The Sankalakhiri marks the border between the Southern Thailand provinces of Yala in west and Narathiwat in the east Across the border into Malaysia the main stretch of the range runs in a northwest southeast orientation straddling the borders between the west coast states of Perak and Selangor with Kelantan and Pahang on the eastern side of the peninsula From the tripoint of Pahang Selangor and Negeri Sembilan near Mount Nuang it then transverses through the middle of the state of Negeri Sembilan also a west coast state thus dividing the state into two regions western Negeri Sembilan which consists of Seremban Port Dickson and Rembau Districts and eastern Negeri Sembilan composed of the districts of Jelebu Kuala Pilah Jempol and Tampin and ends in the south near Tampin in the southern part of the state Foothills extend further southeastwards into Melaka and Johor with its terminus at Mount Pulai The highest elevation is 2 183 m 7 162 ft Gunung Korbu On the Thai side the highest point is 1 533 m Ulu Titi Basah yulutiti basah at the Thai Malaysian border between Yala Province and Perak 5 In the southern foothills the highest is 1 276 m Mount Ledang Features Edit Tea plantation in Cameron Highlands Genting Highlands as seen from Kuala Lumpur Several popular tourist destinations such as Royal Belum Cameron Highlands Genting Highlands and Fraser s Hill are located on the range Two of Malaysia s largest metropolitan areas are located along the western fringes of the mountain range namely Greater Kuala Lumpur ranked 1 and Kinta Valley ranked 4 The Kinta Valley Geopark encompasses the entirety of Kinta Valley where kegelkarst topography is prevalent A number of roads cut through the Titiwangsa Forest Complex within the larger Central Forest Spine CFS conservation area Protected areas EditThailand Edit San Kala Khiri National Park Budo Su ngai Padi National Park Namtok Sai Khao National Park Hala Bala Wildlife SanctuaryMalaysia Edit Gunung Stong State Park Royal Belum State Park Taman Negara Krau Wildlife Reserve Kinta Valley National GeoparkGallery Edit Mount Korbu Mount Yong Belar approximately 8 km to the north of Korbu The Titiwangsa Mountains tower over the North South Expressway in Slim River Perak A peak rises above the lush tropical rainforest in Royal Belum State Park in the northern extremity of Perak View of the range near Gerik Perak View from Fraser s Hill The eastern flank of the Titiwangsa Mountains as seen from the East Coast Expressway near Karak Pahang As viewed from Cameron Highlands A ford in Janda Baik Pahang along the trail to Mount Nuang The Titiwangsa Mountains taken at a Selangor countryside The Titiwangsa Mountains at Batang Kali Selangor with the highrises of Genting Highlands can be seen on top The range as seen from a residential skyscraper in Kuala Lumpur The Titiwangsa Mountains seen from the North South Expressway near Seremban Negeri Sembilan Mount Angsi is also visible The southern section of the Titiwangsa Mountains in Kota Negeri Sembilan Mount Datuk rises to the east which is on the right side of the picture Mount Tampin Negeri Sembilan the southern terminus of contiguous Titiwangsa Mountains Taken at Pulau Sebang MalaccaReferences Edit Racey Andrew 2009 Mesozoic red bed sequences in SE Asia and the significance of the Khorat Group of NE Thailand In Buffetaut Eric ed Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia Geological Society of London p 46 ISBN 9781862392755 Retrieved 20 June 2019 Metcalfe I 2000 The Bentong Raub Suture Zone Journal of Asian Earth Sciences v 18 p 691 712 Metcalfe I 2002 Permian tectonic framework and palaeogeography of SE Asia Journal of Asian Earth Sciences v 20 p 551 566 Avijit Gupta The Physical Geography of Southeast 0Asia Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978 0 19 924802 5 Gunong Ulu Titi Basah Thailand Geographical Names map geographic coordinates External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Titiwangsa Mountains Perak Tourism Royal Belum State Park Gunung Stong State Park San Kara Khiri National Park Budo Su ngai Padi National Park Namtok Sai Khao National Park Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Titiwangsa Mountains amp oldid 1130713312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
