Around 2000 BC, the proto-Illyrian culture begins to form when indigenous Danubian farmers were invaded by warrior-herders belonging to the Yamnaya culture from the Plateau of Phrygia. They inhabit the western half of the Balkan Peninsula.[2]
12th century BC
1200BC (or perhaps earlier), some Illyrians begin a movement to Gaul, Spain, England, northern and central Italy, Poland and even Scandinavia.[3]
10th century BC
1000 BC, Illyrians mining salt in Gmunden, present-day Austria; by 900 BC they had lost their silver mines in Oberzeiring to the Celts.
8th century BC
800 BC, Illyrian culture begins to flourish on the coasts of the Adriatic, centered in Glasinac and Shkodra.
735 BC. Liburnians abandon Corfu under pressure from Corinthian ruler Hersikrates. First recorded battle between Illyrians and Greeks.
7th century BC
691 BC. First Illyrian invasion of Macedonia after bad relations developed.[4]
? BC. Gaularos, ruler of the Taulanti state wages war on the Macedonians.[5]
628 BC. Liburnians expelled from Durrës by Corinthians which were invited as aid by the neighbouring Taulantii
335 BC. First part of the Illyrian Revolt ends in failure with the defeat of Pleurias
323 BC. Cynane, an Illyrian herself leads a Macedonian army to victory over the Illyrians
317 BC. Glaucias enters in league with the Greek colonies while Cassander is at a low ebb
312 BC. Acrotatus of Sparta aids Glaucias in abolishing the Macedonian garrison in Apollonia
312 BC. Glaucias obtains control of Epidamnus with the help of Corcyra
310 BC. The Autariatae State ceases to exist after continuous Celtic migrations and conflicts
307 BC. Glaucias invades Epirus and establishes Pyrrhus as king
3rd century BC
280 BC. Celts invade the Balkan peninsula, crossing through Dardanian and Paeonian territory into Macedonia and Greece, reaching Thermopylae by 279 BC. Dardanian please for help unanswered by Macedonian king Ptolemy Keraunos.
279 BC. Celts defeated after raiding Delphi by a Greek coalition. They hastily retreat to the north. Along the way they are harassed by Dardanians and lose most of their plunder. Autariatai absorbed by the Celts.
231 BC. Agron, king of the Ardiaei, sends his fleet to relieve the Acarnanian city Medeon from a siege by the Aetolians. His army carries a large victory
230 BC. Longarus, king of the Dardanians captures Bylazora from the Paeonians
230 BC. Queen Teuta starts her pirate campaign by capturing the Epirote capital Phoenice
229 BC. Illyrian and Acarnanian ships defeat a combined Aetolian and Achaean fleet off the island of Paxos
229 BC. The Illyrian commander Demetrius of Pharos occupies the island of Corcyra, but soon prefers to pass it over to the Romans
229 BC. Start of the First Illyrian War, the Romans cross the Adriatic for the first time in reaction to Teuta's threats of Roman trade routes
228 BC. Illyrians suffer multiple defeats by the Romans. End of First Illyrian War
220 BC. Start of the Second Illyrian War when Demetrius of Pharos builds up a new Illyrian navy and violates the Roman-Illyrian treaty by attacking Aegean cities
219 BC. Aemilius Paulus commands the Roman armies against the Illyrians under Demetrius of Pharos inflicting multiple Illyrian defeats. This causes Demetrius to flee to Macedonia thus ending the Second Illyrian War
218 BC. Scerdilaidas, an ally of Macedonia helps Philip during the Social War.[11]
2nd century BC
Collapse of southern Illyrian nations and the start of Roman campaigns against Illyrian interior
183 BC. Philip V of Macedon makes an alliance with the Bastarnae to settle in Dardanian territory and wipe out the Dardanians. Philips plan fails, Bastarnae raid Dardanian territory but do not settle and go back.
181 BC. The Histri attempt to prevent the Romans from building Aquileia to no avail. Shortly after this Epulon becomes ruler of the Histri and unites much of Histria ruling from Nesactium.
180 BC. Dalmatians declares themselves independent from the rule of Gentius, king of the Ardiaei.
177 BC. Istrian Peninsula captured by Romans by diverting a river which protected Epulon's stronghold Nesactium, and provided it with water. Last stand of the Histri.
170 BC. Gentius and Perseus of Macedonia start forming alliance to counter the Romans
168 BC. Romans defeat Gentius at the Ardiaean capital Skodra bringing an end to the Illyrian kingdom. King Gentius was brought to Rome as a prisoner.
155 BC. Romans destroy the Dalmatian capital Delminium
119 BC. Pannonians defeated by Romans in Siscia
1st century BC
76 BC. Final defeat of the Dalmatians with the capture of the city port of Salona
51 BC. Delmatae defeat Liburnians, Roman main allies and clients on the Adriatic. Because of this conflict Delmatae will join Pompey in the civil war while Liburnians would support Caesar with their navies. Iapodes use the entire situation to slip away from Roman control and stop paying tribute for several decades.
49 BC. Liburnian communities take different sides in the civil war against Caesar and Pompey near the island of Krk
48 BC. Cornificius and Gabinus ambushed by Dalmatae during their return from campaign [12]
6 AD. The Daesitiates under their ruler Bato I start Great Illyrian uprising also known as Bellum Batonianum. After initial successes against Romans the insurrection spreads.
7 AD. Caecina Severus defeats Daesitiates and Breuci. Despite their defeat the Illyrians late inflict heavy casualties at the Battle of Sirmium and are later strengthened when more Illyrian tribes join in the rebellion
7 AD. Three Roman generals and legionaries sent to defeat the massive Illyrian army
9 AD. After fierce fighting Bato I surrenders to the Romans marking the last Illyrian attempt for independence
7th century AD
The term "Illyrians" last appears in the historical record in the 7th century, referring to a Byzantine garrison operating within the former Roman province of Illyricum.[17]
^Stipčević, Aleksandar (1977). The Illyrians: history and culture. Noyes Press. ISBN9780815550525.
^Encyclopaedia Londinensis: or, Universal dictionary of arts ..., Volume 14 By John Wilkes (of Milland House, Sussex.)
^Aleksandar Stipčević – Illyrians, The Illyrian Art, The Illyrian Cult Symbols
^. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
^. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
^The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001, ISBN1-84176-329-2, page 6
^A History of Greece to 322 B.C. by N. G. L. Hammond, 1986, page 372, "... involved in a war against Perdiccas' neighbour to the west, Arrhabaeus of Lyncus, and he and the Chalcidians entered the territory of Acanthus, ..."
^Archaic and Classical Greece: A Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation by Michael H. Crawford and David Whitehead, 1983, page 592, "When Perdikkas was defeated in a great battle..."
^Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen; Gadd, Cyril John; Boardman, John; Lewis, David Malcolm; Walbank, Frank William; Astin, A. E.; Crook, John Anthony; Lintott, Andrew William; Rawson, Elizabeth; Bowman, Alan K.; Champlin, Edward; Garnsey, Peter; Rathbone, Dominic; Cameron, Averil; Ward-Perkins, Bryan; Whitby, Michael (1970). Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C. – Google Books. ISBN9780521234481. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
^The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 426, "during the Civil wars they sided with the Pompeians and defeated Caesars Legates Q. Cornificius and A.Gabinus"
^Horace : Epodes and Odes (Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture, Vol 10, Latin language edition) by Daniel H. Garrison,1998, page 259, "... triumpho: he was awarded a triumph for his defeat of the Illyrian Parthini in 39 B.C. peperit: has procured; from pario. 17–24. ..."
^The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 1106, "Pannonia, a Roman province established AD 9 and named after the Pannonii, a group of Illyrian peoples (see ILLYRII) who had absorbed Celtic influences to various degrees (see CELTS), lay south and west of the Danube (*Danuvius) in the valleys of the Drava and Sava and the latter’s Bosnian tributaries. In 119 BC the Romans campaigned against them, not for the first time, seizing *Siscia. In 35 BC Octavian (see AUGUSTUS) advanced against them and recaptured Siscia, where he established a garrison. Fighting broke out in 16 BC with a Pannonian invasion of Istria and continued in 14. In 13 M. *Vipsantius Agrippa and M. *Vinicius advanced eastward down the Sava and Drava valleys. After Agrippa’s death (12 BC) the conquest of the Pannonians, notably the Breuci in the Sava valley was completed ruthlessly by *Tiberius and Roman control was extended to the Danube (Res Gestae Rivi Augusti 100 30). Pannonia north of the Drava appears to have accepted Roman rule without a struggle probably owing to fear of the Dacians to the east. Some fighting is attested in 8 BC by Sex. Apulleius but Pannonia remained more or less at peace until 6 AD when the Breuci joined the Daesitiates in revolt under two chiefs called *Bato (1–2). After AD 9 Pannonia was governed by Legati Augusti pro praetore of consular rank; see LEGATI. When Dacia was annexed in 106, Pannonia was subdivided into two provinces the larger superior in the west under a consular legate and facing the * Germans and inferior in the east facing the Sarmatians under a praetorian .The latter was upgraded to consular under *Caracalla..."
^The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 426
^The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 1370, "...they co-operated with Tiberius in attacks on Pannonian Breuci..."
^Schaefer, Richard T. (2008), Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, SAGE Publications, p. 130, ISBN978-1-4129-2694-2
January 06, 2023
timeline, illyrian, history, illyrians, ancient, greek, Ἰλλυριοί, illyrioi, latin, illyrii, were, group, indo, european, speaking, peoples, inhabited, western, balkan, peninsula, ancient, times, they, constituted, three, main, paleo, balkan, populations, along. The Illyrians Ancient Greek Ἰllyrioi Illyrioi Latin Illyrii were a group of Indo European speaking peoples who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times They constituted one of the three main Paleo Balkan populations along with the Thracians and Greeks Contents 1 Timeline 1 1 20th century BC 1 2 12th century BC 1 3 10th century BC 1 4 8th century BC 1 5 7th century BC 1 6 6th century BC 1 7 5th century BC 1 8 4th century BC 1 9 3rd century BC 1 10 2nd century BC 1 11 1st century BC 1 12 1st century AD 1 13 7th century AD 2 See also 3 ReferencesTimeline EditEnchelii under Cadmus against Illyrians in Illyria Illyrian defeat 1 20th century BC Edit Around 2000 BC the proto Illyrian culture begins to form when indigenous Danubian farmers were invaded by warrior herders belonging to the Yamnaya culture from the Plateau of Phrygia They inhabit the western half of the Balkan Peninsula 2 12th century BC Edit 1200BC or perhaps earlier some Illyrians begin a movement to Gaul Spain England northern and central Italy Poland and even Scandinavia 3 10th century BC Edit 1000 BC Illyrians mining salt in Gmunden present day Austria by 900 BC they had lost their silver mines in Oberzeiring to the Celts 8th century BC Edit 800 BC Illyrian culture begins to flourish on the coasts of the Adriatic centered in Glasinac and Shkodra 735 BC Liburnians abandon Corfu under pressure from Corinthian ruler Hersikrates First recorded battle between Illyrians and Greeks 7th century BC Edit 691 BC First Illyrian invasion of Macedonia after bad relations developed 4 BC Gaularos ruler of the Taulanti state wages war on the Macedonians 5 628 BC Liburnians expelled from Durres by Corinthians which were invited as aid by the neighbouring Taulantii 602 BC Philip I of Macedon is killed in battle by the Illyrians6th century BC Edit 524 BC Etruscans defeat the Liburnians in order to open trade routes to the Aegean 524 BC Aristodemus of Cumae defeats the allied Daunian and Etruscan armies 511 BC Persians under Megabazus defeat the Paeonians and depart two of their tribes to Darius in Asia 500 BC Start of the Tarentine Iapygian wars results in an Iapygian defeat5th century BC Edit 490 BC Tarentines defeat the Messapians citation needed 466 BC Taranto again defeated by the Iapygians 6 460 BC Competitive trading leads to the destruction of Thronion by Apollonia 460 BC Opis of the Iapyges falls in battle against Taranto 440 BC Brindidi and Thurrii enter into an alliance against Taranto 436 BC Taulantii attack the city of Epidamnos contributing to the start of the Peloponnesian War 433 BC Messapian Thurian victory over the Lucanians in the Sybaris lain 7 432 BC Messapian Thurian forces successfully throw off another Lucanian invasion in the Crati gorge 430 BC Grabus of the royal house of the Grabaei enters an alliance with Athens 429 BC Agrianes become subject to the Odrysian kingdom 424 BC Autariatae expand their territory pushing the Thracian Triballi eastwards into western Serbia and Bulgaria 8 423 BC Illyrians amp Lyncestians cause the Macedonians to flee and the Spartans to escape during the Peloponnesian War Battle of Lyncestis 9 10 418 BC Artas made a proxenos of Athens as operations in Sicily begin 413 BC Artas supplies the Athens with one hundred and fifty javelin throwers for the war against Syracuse 4th century BC Edit 399 BC New conflict develops between Sirras and Archelaus I of Macedonian over the Lyncestian case 393 BC Dardanians rule Macedonia through a puppet king after defeating Amyntas III of Macedon under Argaeus II 392 BC Amyntas III allied with the Thessalians takes Macedonia under his rule from the Dardanians 385 BC Bardyllis raids Epirus after defeating the Mollosians 385 BC Agesilaus of Sparta drives off the Dardanians under Bardyllis expelling them from Epirus 360 BC Arymbas of the Mollosians defeats the Illyrians after they raided and looted Epirus 360 BC Southern Paeonian tribes launch raids against Macedonia in support of an Illyrian invasion 359 BC The death of Agis leads to the subjection of the Paeonian State by Macedonia 359 BC Perdiccas III of Macedon killed in an attempt to reconquer upper Macedonia 358 BC Philip II of Macedon defeats the Illyrians Bardyllis probably died during the battle at the age of 90 Illyrians sued for peace 356 BC Lycceius joins the anti Macedonian coalition led by Athens which includes Grabos 356 BC Parmenio surprises Grabos with a defeat before he is able to converge with his allies in Athens and Thrace and Paeonia 352 BC Agrianes become allies of Philip II 344 BC Caeria loses her life in a battle against Cynane and her army is defeated 344 BC The Taulantii State is limited to the lands along the Adriatic after the defeat of Pleuratus I against Philip II 337 BC Pleurias almost succeeds in killing Philip II during his Balkan campaigns 335 BC Alexander the Great subjects the Illyrian states defeating Cleitus and Glaukias in the battle of Pelium 335 BC First part of the Illyrian Revolt ends in failure with the defeat of Pleurias 323 BC Cynane an Illyrian herself leads a Macedonian army to victory over the Illyrians 317 BC Glaucias enters in league with the Greek colonies while Cassander is at a low ebb 312 BC Acrotatus of Sparta aids Glaucias in abolishing the Macedonian garrison in Apollonia 312 BC Glaucias obtains control of Epidamnus with the help of Corcyra 310 BC The Autariatae State ceases to exist after continuous Celtic migrations and conflicts 307 BC Glaucias invades Epirus and establishes Pyrrhus as king3rd century BC Edit 280 BC Celts invade the Balkan peninsula crossing through Dardanian and Paeonian territory into Macedonia and Greece reaching Thermopylae by 279 BC Dardanian please for help unanswered by Macedonian king Ptolemy Keraunos 279 BC Celts defeated after raiding Delphi by a Greek coalition They hastily retreat to the north Along the way they are harassed by Dardanians and lose most of their plunder Autariatai absorbed by the Celts 231 BC Agron king of the Ardiaei sends his fleet to relieve the Acarnanian city Medeon from a siege by the Aetolians His army carries a large victory 230 BC Longarus king of the Dardanians captures Bylazora from the Paeonians 230 BC Queen Teuta starts her pirate campaign by capturing the Epirote capital Phoenice 229 BC Illyrian and Acarnanian ships defeat a combined Aetolian and Achaean fleet off the island of Paxos 229 BC The Illyrian commander Demetrius of Pharos occupies the island of Corcyra but soon prefers to pass it over to the Romans 229 BC Start of the First Illyrian War the Romans cross the Adriatic for the first time in reaction to Teuta s threats of Roman trade routes 228 BC Illyrians suffer multiple defeats by the Romans End of First Illyrian War 220 BC Start of the Second Illyrian War when Demetrius of Pharos builds up a new Illyrian navy and violates the Roman Illyrian treaty by attacking Aegean cities 219 BC Aemilius Paulus commands the Roman armies against the Illyrians under Demetrius of Pharos inflicting multiple Illyrian defeats This causes Demetrius to flee to Macedonia thus ending the Second Illyrian War 218 BC Scerdilaidas an ally of Macedonia helps Philip during the Social War 11 2nd century BC Edit Collapse of southern Illyrian nations and the start of Roman campaigns against Illyrian interior 183 BC Philip V of Macedon makes an alliance with the Bastarnae to settle in Dardanian territory and wipe out the Dardanians Philips plan fails Bastarnae raid Dardanian territory but do not settle and go back 181 BC The Histri attempt to prevent the Romans from building Aquileia to no avail Shortly after this Epulon becomes ruler of the Histri and unites much of Histria ruling from Nesactium 180 BC Dalmatians declares themselves independent from the rule of Gentius king of the Ardiaei 177 BC Istrian Peninsula captured by Romans by diverting a river which protected Epulon s stronghold Nesactium and provided it with water Last stand of the Histri 170 BC Gentius and Perseus of Macedonia start forming alliance to counter the Romans 168 BC Romans defeat Gentius at the Ardiaean capital Skodra bringing an end to the Illyrian kingdom King Gentius was brought to Rome as a prisoner 155 BC Romans destroy the Dalmatian capital Delminium 119 BC Pannonians defeated by Romans in Siscia1st century BC Edit 76 BC Final defeat of the Dalmatians with the capture of the city port of Salona 51 BC Delmatae defeat Liburnians Roman main allies and clients on the Adriatic Because of this conflict Delmatae will join Pompey in the civil war while Liburnians would support Caesar with their navies Iapodes use the entire situation to slip away from Roman control and stop paying tribute for several decades 49 BC Liburnian communities take different sides in the civil war against Caesar and Pompey near the island of Krk 48 BC Cornificius and Gabinus ambushed by Dalmatae during their return from campaign 12 39 BC Gaius Asinius Pollio against Partheni Illyrian defeat 13 35 BC Octavius against Pannonians in Siscia Illyrian defeat 14 34 BC Iapydes finally conquered by the Romans under Octavius Augustus 9 BC Tiberius since 12 BC and Scordisci against Illyrians in Dalmatia Illyrian defeat 15 16 1st century AD Edit 6 AD The Daesitiates under their ruler Bato I start Great Illyrian uprising also known as Bellum Batonianum After initial successes against Romans the insurrection spreads 7 AD Caecina Severus defeats Daesitiates and Breuci Despite their defeat the Illyrians late inflict heavy casualties at the Battle of Sirmium and are later strengthened when more Illyrian tribes join in the rebellion 7 AD Three Roman generals and legionaries sent to defeat the massive Illyrian army 8 AD Bato II surrenders his forces to Tiberius 9 AD After fierce fighting Bato I surrenders to the Romans marking the last Illyrian attempt for independence7th century AD Edit The term Illyrians last appears in the historical record in the 7th century referring to a Byzantine garrison operating within the former Roman province of Illyricum 17 See also EditIllyria Illyrian kingdomReferences Edit Apollodorus Library 3 5 4 Young Antonia Hodgson John Young Nigel 1997 01 01 Albania Clio Press ISBN 9781851092604 Stipcevic Aleksandar 1977 The Illyrians history and culture Noyes Press ISBN 9780815550525 Encyclopaedia Londinensis or Universal dictionary of arts Volume 14 By John Wilkes of Milland House Sussex Aleksandar Stipcevic Illyrians The Illyrian Art The Illyrian Cult Symbols Louis of Taranto Polsearch Archived from the original on 2012 03 31 Retrieved 2011 08 28 CCAncients net Commands amp Colors Ancients Official Website TT19 Sybaris Plain 433 BC Magna Graecia Maps Archived from the original on 2011 10 04 Retrieved 2011 08 28 The Thracians 700 BC AD 46 Men at Arms by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride 2001 ISBN 1 84176 329 2 page 6 A History of Greece to 322 B C by N G L Hammond 1986 page 372 involved in a war against Perdiccas neighbour to the west Arrhabaeus of Lyncus and he and the Chalcidians entered the territory of Acanthus Archaic and Classical Greece A Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation by Michael H Crawford and David Whitehead 1983 page 592 When Perdikkas was defeated in a great battle Edwards Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Gadd Cyril John Boardman John Lewis David Malcolm Walbank Frank William Astin A E Crook John Anthony Lintott Andrew William Rawson Elizabeth Bowman Alan K Champlin Edward Garnsey Peter Rathbone Dominic Cameron Averil Ward Perkins Bryan Whitby Michael 1970 Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B C Google Books ISBN 9780521234481 Retrieved 2013 08 12 The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth 2003 page 426 during the Civil wars they sided with the Pompeians and defeated Caesars Legates Q Cornificius and A Gabinus Horace Epodes and Odes Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture Vol 10 Latin language edition by Daniel H Garrison 1998 page 259 triumpho he was awarded a triumph for his defeat of the Illyrian Parthini in 39 B C peperit has procured from pario 17 24 The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth 2003 page 1106 Pannonia a Roman province established AD 9 and named after the Pannonii a group of Illyrian peoples see ILLYRII who had absorbed Celtic influences to various degrees see CELTS lay south and west of the Danube Danuvius in the valleys of the Drava and Sava and the latter s Bosnian tributaries In 119 BC the Romans campaigned against them not for the first time seizing Siscia In 35 BC Octavian see AUGUSTUS advanced against them and recaptured Siscia where he established a garrison Fighting broke out in 16 BC with a Pannonian invasion of Istria and continued in 14 In 13 M Vipsantius Agrippa and M Vinicius advanced eastward down the Sava and Drava valleys After Agrippa s death 12 BC the conquest of the Pannonians notably the Breuci in the Sava valley was completed ruthlessly by Tiberius and Roman control was extended to the Danube Res Gestae Rivi Augusti 100 30 Pannonia north of the Drava appears to have accepted Roman rule without a struggle probably owing to fear of the Dacians to the east Some fighting is attested in 8 BC by Sex Apulleius but Pannonia remained more or less at peace until 6 AD when the Breuci joined the Daesitiates in revolt under two chiefs called Bato 1 2 After AD 9 Pannonia was governed by Legati Augusti pro praetore of consular rank see LEGATI When Dacia was annexed in 106 Pannonia was subdivided into two provinces the larger superior in the west under a consular legate and facing the Germans and inferior in the east facing the Sarmatians under a praetorian The latter was upgraded to consular under Caracalla The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth 2003 page 426 The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth 2003 page 1370 they co operated with Tiberius in attacks on Pannonian Breuci Schaefer Richard T 2008 Encyclopedia of Race Ethnicity and Society SAGE Publications p 130 ISBN 978 1 4129 2694 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Timeline of Illyrian history amp oldid 1122892031, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
