▉▉▉▉ Pale colours: Standard time observed all year ▉▉▉ Dark colours: Summer time observed
The time zones actually in use in Europe differ significantly from uniform zoning based purely on longitude, as used for example under the nautical time system. The world could in theory be divided into 24 time zones, each of 15 degrees of longitude. However, due to geographical and cultural factors it is not practical to divide the world so evenly, and actual time zones may differ significantly from those based purely on longitude. In Europe, the widespread use of Central European Time (CET) causes major variations in some areas from solar time. Based on solar time, CET would range from 7.5 to 22.5°E. However, for example Spain (almost entirely in the Western hemisphere) and France (almost entirely west of 7.5°E, as illustrated in the map below) should theoretically use UTC, as they did before the Second World War.[1] The general result is a solar noon which is much later than clock noon, and later sunrises and sunsets than should theoretically happen. The Benelux countries should also theoretically use GMT.
Russia and Belarus observed "permanent summer time" between March 2011 and October 2014.[2] Since October 2014 Russia has observed "permanent winter time". Iceland can be considered to be on "de facto" permanent summer time because, since 1968, it uses UTC time all year, despite being located more than 15° west of the prime meridian. It should therefore be located in UTC−01:00, but chooses to remain closer to continental European time, resulting in legal times significantly in advance of local solar time; this is of little practical significance owing to the wide variations in daylight hours in that country.
The European Commission proposed in September 2018 ending the observance of summer time in the EU.[3] In March 2019, the European Parliament voted in favour of proposing ending seasonal clock changes in 2021.[4] Legislation of the EU is decided by both the Parliament and the Council of the European Union, and the Council had not made its decision.[5] Each Member State had until April 2020 to decide whether to remain permanently on their previous "summer time" or their "winter time".
This map shows the difference between legal time and local mean time in Europe during the winter. Most of Western Europe and western part of European Russia are significantly ahead of local solar time.
Colour
Legal time vs local mean time
1 h ± 30 m behind
0 h ± 30 m
1 h ± 30 m ahead
2 h ± 30 m ahead
This map shows the difference between legal time and local mean time in Europe during the summer. Most of Western Europe is significantly ahead of local solar time.
Colour
Legal time vs local mean time
1 h ± 30 m behind
0 h ± 30 m
1 h ± 30 m ahead
2 h ± 30 m ahead
3 h ± 30 m ahead
Use
Of the 27 EU member states (all use daylight saving time in the summer):
The United Kingdom and the Faroe Islands observe Western European Time with daylight saving time, while Iceland observes it without daylight saving time.
^Poulle, Yvonne (1999). "La France à l'heure allemande" [France on German time] (PDF). Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 157 (2): 493–502. Retrieved 11 January 2012. (in French)[dead link]
^Parfitt, Tom (25 March 2011). "Think of the cows: clocks go forward for the last time in Russia". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
^State of the Union 2018: Q&A on the Commission's proposal to put an end to seasonal clock changes European Commission − Press Release (Strasbourg, 12 September 2018)
^"European Union Ready to Scrap DST". www.timeanddate.com.
^"Procedure File: 2018/0332(COD) | Legislative Observatory | European Parliament". oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu.
March 08, 2023
time, europe, europe, spans, seven, primary, time, zones, from, excluding, summer, time, offsets, four, them, seen, with, further, western, zone, containing, azores, further, eastern, zones, spanning, georgia, azerbaijan, eastern, territories, european, russia. Europe spans seven primary time zones from UTC 01 00 to UTC 05 00 excluding summer time offsets four of them can be seen on the map with one further western zone containing the Azores and two further eastern zones spanning Georgia Azerbaijan eastern territories of European Russia and the European part of Kazakhstan Most European countries use summer time and harmonise their summer time adjustments see Summer time in Europe for details Time in Europe Light Blue Western European Time Greenwich Mean Time UTC Blue Western European Time Greenwich Mean Time UTC Western European Summer Time British Summer Time Irish Standard Time UTC 1 Red Central European Time UTC 1 Central European Summer Time UTC 2 Yellow Eastern European Time Kaliningrad Time UTC 2 Ochre Eastern European Time UTC 2 Eastern European Summer Time UTC 3 Green Moscow Time Turkey Time UTC 3 Turquoise Armenia Time Azerbaijan Time Georgia Time UTC 4 Pale colours Standard time observed all year Dark colours Summer time observed The time zones actually in use in Europe differ significantly from uniform zoning based purely on longitude as used for example under the nautical time system The world could in theory be divided into 24 time zones each of 15 degrees of longitude However due to geographical and cultural factors it is not practical to divide the world so evenly and actual time zones may differ significantly from those based purely on longitude In Europe the widespread use of Central European Time CET causes major variations in some areas from solar time Based on solar time CET would range from 7 5 to 22 5 E However for example Spain almost entirely in the Western hemisphere and France almost entirely west of 7 5 E as illustrated in the map below should theoretically use UTC as they did before the Second World War 1 The general result is a solar noon which is much later than clock noon and later sunrises and sunsets than should theoretically happen The Benelux countries should also theoretically use GMT Russia and Belarus observed permanent summer time between March 2011 and October 2014 2 Since October 2014 Russia has observed permanent winter time Iceland can be considered to be on de facto permanent summer time because since 1968 it uses UTC time all year despite being located more than 15 west of the prime meridian It should therefore be located in UTC 01 00 but chooses to remain closer to continental European time resulting in legal times significantly in advance of local solar time this is of little practical significance owing to the wide variations in daylight hours in that country The European Commission proposed in September 2018 ending the observance of summer time in the EU 3 In March 2019 the European Parliament voted in favour of proposing ending seasonal clock changes in 2021 4 Legislation of the EU is decided by both the Parliament and the Council of the European Union and the Council had not made its decision 5 Each Member State had until April 2020 to decide whether to remain permanently on their previous summer time or their winter time This map shows the difference between legal time and local mean time in Europe during the winter Most of Western Europe and western part of European Russia are significantly ahead of local solar time Colour Legal time vs local mean time1 h 30 m behind0 h 30 m1 h 30 m ahead2 h 30 m ahead This map shows the difference between legal time and local mean time in Europe during the summer Most of Western Europe is significantly ahead of local solar time Colour Legal time vs local mean time1 h 30 m behind0 h 30 m1 h 30 m ahead2 h 30 m ahead3 h 30 m aheadUse EditOf the 27 EU member states all use daylight saving time in the summer The Azores Portugal observe Azores Time Ireland Portugal except Azores and the Canary Islands Spain use Western European Time Austria Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Denmark France except overseas territories Germany Hungary Italy Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Slovakia Slovenia Spain except Canary Islands and Sweden use Central European Time Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Romania Bulgaria Greece and Cyprus use Eastern European TimeOf non EU member states The United Kingdom and the Faroe Islands observe Western European Time with daylight saving time while Iceland observes it without daylight saving time Norway Switzerland Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia Kosovo North Macedonia Montenegro Albania San Marino Vatican City Andorra Monaco Liechtenstein and Gibraltar a British Overseas Territory observe Central European Time with daylight saving time Moldova Transnistria Ukraine apart from Crimea and Northern Cyprus observe Eastern European Time with daylight saving time while Kaliningrad Oblast observes it without daylight saving time Kaliningrad Time Belarus Russia western part including Crimea South Ossetia Abkhazia and Turkey use Further eastern European Time without daylight saving time in the summer Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan and Artsakh use UTC 04 00 without daylight saving time The European part of Kazakhstan uses UTC 05 00 without daylight saving time The overseas territories of Denmark France and Netherlands are mostly located outside Europe and use other time zones List of time zones EditTime of Day Common name s UTC SummerUTC Users06 25 7 March 2023 UTC 01 00 refresh Further western European Time FWT Azores Time AZOT UTC 1 UTC Azores Portugal 07 25 7 March 2023 UTC 00 00 refresh Further western European Summer Time FWST Azores Summer Time AZOST 07 25 7 March 2023 UTC 00 00 refresh Western European Time WET Greenwich Mean Time GMT Iceland Time ICT UTC Iceland07 25 7 March 2023 UTC 00 00 refresh Western European Time WET Greenwich Mean Time GMT UTC UTC 1 Portugal including Madeira United Kingdom Republic of Ireland Faroe Islands Canary Islands08 25 7 March 2023 UTC 01 00 refresh Western European Summer Time WEST Irish Standard Time IST British Summer Time BST 08 25 7 March 2023 UTC 01 00 refresh Central European Time CET UTC 1 UTC 2 Most of western Europe Scandinavia Central Europe Central southern Europe Western Balkans09 25 7 March 2023 UTC 02 00 refresh Central European Summer Time CEST 09 25 7 March 2023 UTC 02 00 refresh Eastern European Time EET Kaliningrad Time KALT UTC 2 Kaliningrad Oblast Russia 09 25 7 March 2023 UTC 02 00 refresh Eastern European Time EET UTC 2 UTC 3 Finland Baltic states Ukraine Moldova Romania Bulgaria Greece10 25 7 March 2023 UTC 03 00 refresh Eastern European Summer Time EEST 10 25 7 March 2023 UTC 03 00 refresh Further eastern European Time FET Turkey Time TRT Moscow Standard Time MSK Minsk Time MINT UTC 3 Belarus Most of western Russia Turkey Abkhazia South Ossetia11 25 7 March 2023 UTC 04 00 refresh Armenia Time AMT Georgia Time GET Azerbaijan Time AZT Samara Time SAMT UTC 4 Parts of western Russia Armenia Artsakh Azerbaijan Georgia12 25 7 March 2023 UTC 05 00 refresh West Kazakhstan Time WKT Yekaterinburg Time YEKT UTC 5 Western central RussiaWest KazakhstanReferences Edit Poulle Yvonne 1999 La France a l heure allemande France on German time PDF Bibliotheque de l ecole des chartes 157 2 493 502 Retrieved 11 January 2012 in French dead link Parfitt Tom 25 March 2011 Think of the cows clocks go forward for the last time in Russia The Guardian Retrieved 5 January 2012 State of the Union 2018 Q amp A on the Commission s proposal to put an end to seasonal clock changes European Commission Press Release Strasbourg 12 September 2018 European Union Ready to Scrap DST www timeanddate com Procedure File 2018 0332 COD Legislative Observatory European Parliament oeil secure europarl europa eu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Time in Europe amp oldid 1080665395, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
