Tihomir of Raška
Tihomir of Raška (Serbian Cyrillic: Тихомир)[A] was a Serbian nobleman, mentioned in the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja, who served as the Grand Prince (Serbian Cyrillic: велики жупан) of Raška (Serbian Cyrillic: Рашка, Latin: Rascia), from around 960 to 969.
| Tihomir of Raška | |
|---|---|
| Duke of Drina | |
| Reign | circa 960–969 |
| Predecessor | Tišemir, Duke of Bosnia (913) |
| Successor | Stephen, Duke of Bosnia (1080) |
| Grand Prince of Raška | |
| Reign | 960–969 |
| Predecessor | Časlav |
| Spouse | daughter of Časlav |
| Religion | Chalcedonian Christian |
Background edit
Tihomir's predecessor Časlav (r. 927–960) had united several Slavic tribes, expanding Serbia which then extended between the shores of the Adriatic Sea, the Sava river and the Morava valley. The Magyars led by Kisa invaded Bosnia. The Serbian army advanced and met them on the banks of river Drina, in the Drina župania, downstream from present-day Foča.[1][2] The Magyars were decisively defeated, and Kisa was killed by Tihomir.[2] Due to his heroism, Časlav appointed Tihomir Duke of Drina and gave him his daughter in marriage.[3]
Succession to Raška edit
Kisa's widow asked the Magyar leaders to give her an army for revenge. With an "unknown number" of troops, the widow returned and surprised Časlav at Syrmia. The Magyars attack the Serbs in the night, capturing Časlav and all of his male relatives. On the command of Kisa's widow, all the prisoners were bound by their hands and feet and thrown into the Sava river.[2] This event is dated to around 960[2] or thereafter, as 'De Administrando Imperio' does not mention his death.
Through his marriage with Časlav's daughter, Tihomir inherited the crownland of Raška.[4]
Later annexation of Raška by Byzantium edit
Tihomir's reign ended around 969. The Catepanate of Ras was established between 971–976, during the rule of John Tzimiskes (r. 969–976).[5] A seal of a strategos of Ras has been dated to Tzimiskes' reign, making it possible for Tzimiskes' predecessor Nikephoros II Phokas to have established rule over Raška.[6][7] The protospatharios and katepano of Ras was a Byzantine governor named John.[8] Data on the katepano of Ras during Tzimiskes' reign is missing.[9] Byzantine military presence ended soon thereafter with the wars with Bulgaria, and was re-established only ca. 1018 with the short-lived Theme of Sirmium, which however did not extend much into Raška.[6]
See also edit
Footnotes edit
- ^ Name: He is sourced as Tihomir (Serbian Cyrillic: Тихомир) or Tihomil (Тихомил).
References edit
- ^ Brkljača 1997, pp. 30.
- ^ a b c d Ćorović 2001.
- ^ Живковић 2006, p. 53.
- ^ Живковић 2006, p. 57.
- ^ Bulić 2007.
- ^ a b Stephenson 2003, pp. 42.
- ^ Magdalino 2003, pp. 122.
- ^ Slovanský 2007, pp. 132.
- ^ Krsmanović 2008, pp. 189.
Sources edit
- Primary
- Moravcsik, Gyula, ed. (1967) [1949]. Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio (2nd revised ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. ISBN 9780884020219.
- Шишић, Фердо, ed. (1928). Летопис Попа Дукљанина (Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja). Београд-Загреб: Српска краљевска академија.
- Кунчер, Драгана (2009). Gesta Regum Sclavorum. Vol. 1. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.
- Живковић, Тибор (2009). Gesta Regum Sclavorum. Vol. 2. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.
- Secondary
- Brkljača, Seka (1997). Bosna i Hercegovina i svijet. Institut za istoriju Sarajevo.
- Bulić, Dejan (2007). . Istorijski časopis (55): 45–62. Archived from the original on 2011-08-26. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
- Bury, John B. (1912). A History of the Eastern Empire from the Fall of Irene to the Accession of Basil I. (A.D. 802-867). London: MacMillan. ISBN 9781275594623.
- Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
- Ćorović, Vladimir (2001). "Istorija srpskog naroda".
- Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ferjančić, B. 1997, "Basile I et la restauration du pouvoir byzantin au IXème siècle", Zbornik radova Vizantološkog instituta, no. 36, pp. 9–30.
- Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472081497.
- Krsmanović, Bojana (2008). The Byzantine Province in Change: On the Threshold Between the 10th and the 11th Century. Belgrade: Institute for Byzantine Studies. ISBN 9789603710608.
- Magdalino, Paul (2003). Byzantium in the year 1000. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-12097-1.
- Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Stephenson, Paul (2003). The Legend of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521815307.
- Живковић, Тибор (2002). Јужни Словени под византијском влашћу 600-1025 (South Slavs under the Byzantine Rule 600-1025). Београд: Историјски институт САНУ, Службени гласник. ISBN 9788677430276.
- Живковић, Тибор (2006). Портрети српских владара: IX-XII век (Portraits of Serbian Rulers: IX-XII Century). Београд: Завод за уџбенике и наставна средства. ISBN 9788617137548.
- Živković, Tibor (2008). Forging unity: The South Slavs between East and West 550-1150. Belgrade: The Institute of History, Čigoja štampa. ISBN 9788675585732.
- Slovanský (2007). Byzantinoslavica. Vol. 65–66. Academia.