Tyefo, also spelled Cɛfɔ, Tiéfo, Kiefo, Tyeforo, is a language of Burkina Faso. It may be a peripheral member of the Gur languages, but it is of uncertain affiliation.
Güldemann (2018) considers Tiefo to be of uncertain affiliation within Niger-Congo.[3]
Varietiesedit
The two extant languages are provisionally called Tiefo-N (Tiefo of Numudara / Niafogo) and Tiefo-D (Tiefo of Daramandugu). They are mutually unintelligible. Tiefo-D is spoken in parts of the village cluster Daramandougou (Dramandougou, Daramandugu) of Comoé Province. Its phonology, morphology, some basic grammar, and lexicon were described in Kerstin Winkelmann's 1998 doctoral dissertation (in German). Tiefo-N covers the extinct variety spoken in Noumoudara [fr] (Numudara) village of Houet Province, and the closely related and nearly extinct variety of Nyafogo (Gnanfogo) village. A short Tiefo-N grammar by Heath, Ouattara, and Hantgan, based on salvage fieldwork with the last two known competent speakers from Nyafogo, was published in 2017. Winkelmann's dissertation includes limited data from both Tiefo-N varieties. Heath and Ouattara began a field project focusing on Tiefo-D in 2017.
Tiefo varieties were formerly spoken over a much wider area. They have been steadily declining ever since Tiefo military power was broken in an 1897 battle. Jula (Dioula) is now the dominant spoken language throughout southwestern Burkina Faso.
One notable feature of Tiefo languages is a vocalic morpheme that precedes nouns under some conditions. In Tiefo-D it is ē, and it appears chiefly in postpausal position. Tiefo-N has à, è, and ò, constituting a noun-class system with a partial semantic basis. These prenominal markers are apparently unrelated to the original Gur system of noun-class suffixes. Traces of old noun-class suffixes, now frozen to stems and no longer synchronically segmentable, have been discussed by Winkelmann and other Gur specialists.
Verb phrases in Tiefo languages consist of two (Tiefo-N) or three (Tiefo-D) forms of the verb stem, plus preverbal inflectional particles marking aspect and negation. Verbs show no further morphological variation. The two Tiefo-N verb forms are called perfective and imperfective, but their distribution among clause-level inflectional categories is more complex than this suggests. Tiefo-D verbs have at most three distinct forms called perfective, imperfective, and base, but some verbs merge imperfective and base. In both languages, the forms of a given verb are morphophonologically related to each other by some combination of vocalic mutation, tonal shift, and/or suffixation.
^ abJeffrey Heath, Aminata Ouattara & Abbie Hantgan. 2017. Short grammar of Tiefo-N of Nyafogo (Gur, Burkina Faso). Language Description Heritage Dictionary (online).
^Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN978-3-11-042606-9.
Kerstin Winkelmann. 1998. Die Sprache der Cɛfɔ von Daramandugu (Burkina Faso). Ph.D. dissertation, Frankfurt am Main.
Berthelette, Carol; Berthelette, John. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey report for the Tiéfo language. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-006. PDF.
Jeffrey Heath, Aminata Ouattara & Abbie Hantgan. 2017. Short grammar of Tiefo-N of Nyafogo (Gur, Burkina Faso). Language Description Heritage Dictionary (online). http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002C-2F37-1
External linksedit
ELAR archive of the Tiefo language: grammar sketch, lexicon, collection of texts
materials on Tiefo from ongoing project led by Heath
January 01, 1970
tiefo, language, tyefo, also, spelled, cɛfɔ, tiéfo, kiefo, tyeforo, language, burkina, faso, peripheral, member, languages, uncertain, affiliation, tyefocɛ, mììnative, toburkina, fasoethnicity12, 1995, native, speakers, cited, 1995, language, familyniger, cong. Tyefo also spelled Cɛfɔ Tiefo Kiefo Tyeforo is a language of Burkina Faso It may be a peripheral member of the Gur languages but it is of uncertain affiliation Tyefocɛ fɔ miiNative toBurkina FasoEthnicity12 000 15 000 1995 1 Native speakers 1 000 cited 1995 1 Language familyNiger Congo Atlantic Congo Savannas Gur TyefoLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code tiq class extiw title iso639 3 tiq tiq a Glottologtief1243ELPTiefo Personcɛ fɔ 2 Peoplecɛ fɔ ɔ Languagecɛ fɔ mii cɛ fɔ miyi Contents 1 Classification 2 Varieties 3 Villages 4 Grammar 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksClassification editGuldemann 2018 considers Tiefo to be of uncertain affiliation within Niger Congo 3 Varieties editThe two extant languages are provisionally called Tiefo N Tiefo of Numudara Niafogo and Tiefo D Tiefo of Daramandugu They are mutually unintelligible Tiefo D is spoken in parts of the village cluster Daramandougou Dramandougou Daramandugu of Comoe Province Its phonology morphology some basic grammar and lexicon were described in Kerstin Winkelmann s 1998 doctoral dissertation in German Tiefo N covers the extinct variety spoken in Noumoudara fr Numudara village of Houet Province and the closely related and nearly extinct variety of Nyafogo Gnanfogo village A short Tiefo N grammar by Heath Ouattara and Hantgan based on salvage fieldwork with the last two known competent speakers from Nyafogo was published in 2017 Winkelmann s dissertation includes limited data from both Tiefo N varieties Heath and Ouattara began a field project focusing on Tiefo D in 2017 Tiefo varieties were formerly spoken over a much wider area They have been steadily declining ever since Tiefo military power was broken in an 1897 battle Jula Dioula is now the dominant spoken language throughout southwestern Burkina Faso Villages editTiefo villages 2 Official name Village Person People Notes Nyafogo ɲaɣafɔ ɣɔ ⁿ ɲaɣafɔ ɣɔ ⁿ ɲaɣafɔ ɣɔ Tiefo N Noumoudara te raʕaⁿ te raʕaⁿ te raʕa Tiefo N Daramandougou kaɣa le kaɣa kaɣa Tiefo D Me mɛ ɛ maɣa maɣa formerly Tiefo speaking Maturku matoo matyoo mat y oo mat y oo formerly Tiefo speaking Samogan formerly Tiefo speaking Tien formerly Tiefo speaking Kodala formerly Tiefo speaking Koumandara ʃiyɛ yⁿ ʃiyɔ ⁿ ʃiyɔ formerly Tiefo speaking Dege dege degedege degedege ɲɔⁿ by o formerly Tiefo speaking Derege dɛ rɛ gbɛ dɛ rɛ gbɛ dɛ rɛ gbɔ formerly Tiefo speaking Laranfiera laɣaⁿfyɛ la laɣaⁿfyɛ laɣaⁿfyɔ formerly Tiefo speaking Musubadugu ʃikiyaʕa formerly Tiefo speaking Sideradougou formerly Tiefo speaking partially TiefoGrammar editOne notable feature of Tiefo languages is a vocalic morpheme that precedes nouns under some conditions In Tiefo D it is e and it appears chiefly in postpausal position Tiefo N has a e and o constituting a noun class system with a partial semantic basis These prenominal markers are apparently unrelated to the original Gur system of noun class suffixes Traces of old noun class suffixes now frozen to stems and no longer synchronically segmentable have been discussed by Winkelmann and other Gur specialists Verb phrases in Tiefo languages consist of two Tiefo N or three Tiefo D forms of the verb stem plus preverbal inflectional particles marking aspect and negation Verbs show no further morphological variation The two Tiefo N verb forms are called perfective and imperfective but their distribution among clause level inflectional categories is more complex than this suggests Tiefo D verbs have at most three distinct forms called perfective imperfective and base but some verbs merge imperfective and base In both languages the forms of a given verb are morphophonologically related to each other by some combination of vocalic mutation tonal shift and or suffixation See also editTiefo word list Wiktionary References edit a b Tyefo at Ethnologue 16th ed 2009 nbsp a b Jeffrey Heath Aminata Ouattara amp Abbie Hantgan 2017 Short grammar of Tiefo N of Nyafogo Gur Burkina Faso Language Description Heritage Dictionary online Guldemann Tom 2018 Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa In Guldemann Tom ed The Languages and Linguistics of Africa The World of Linguistics series Vol 11 Berlin De Gruyter Mouton pp 58 444 doi 10 1515 9783110421668 002 ISBN 978 3 11 042606 9 Kerstin Winkelmann 1998 Die Sprache der Cɛfɔ von Daramandugu Burkina Faso Ph D dissertation Frankfurt am Main Berthelette Carol Berthelette John 2002 Sociolinguistic survey report for the Tiefo language SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002 006 PDF Jeffrey Heath Aminata Ouattara amp Abbie Hantgan 2017 Short grammar of Tiefo N of Nyafogo Gur Burkina Faso Language Description Heritage Dictionary online http hdl handle net 11858 00 001M 0000 002C 2F37 1External links editELAR archive of the Tiefo language grammar sketch lexicon collection of texts materials on Tiefo from ongoing project led by Heath Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tiefo language amp oldid 1121272623, 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