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Tibetology

January 01, 1970

Tibetology (Tibetan: བོད་རིག་པ།, Wylie: bod-rig-pa) refers to the study of things related to Tibet, including its history, religion, language, culture, politics and the collection of Tibetan articles of historical, cultural and religious significance.[1] The last may mean a collection of Tibetan statues, shrines, Buddhist icons and holy scripts, Thangka embroideries, paintings and tapestries, jewellery, masks and other objects of fine Tibetan art and craftsmanship.[2][3]

History edit

 
A Thanka painting inside the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, in Gangtok

The Jesuit Antonio de Andrade (1580–1634) and a few others established a small mission and church in Tsaparang (1626), in the kingdom of Guge (Western Tibet) in the 17th century. When the kingdom was overrun by the king of Ladakh (1631), the mission was destroyed.[4]

A century later another Jesuit, the Italian Ippolito Desideri (1684–1733) was sent to Tibet and received permission to stay in Lhasa where he spent 5 years (1716–1721) living in a Tibetan monastery, studying the language, the religion of the lamas and other Tibetan customs.[5] He published a couple of books in Tibetan on Christian doctrine. Because of a conflict of jurisdiction (the mission was entrusted to the Capuchins, and not to the Jesuits) Desideri had to leave Tibet and returned to Italy, where he spent the rest of his life publishing his Historical notes on Tibet. They were collected, in 4 volumes, under the title of Opere Tibetane (Rome;1981–1989). Desideri may be considered as the first Tibetologist and he did much to make Tibet known in Europe.[6]

Desideri was however a pioneer, and as such what he produced were rather 'observations' on Tibet, a work he did with objectivity and sympathy, but not always perfect accuracy. The inception of Tibetology as an authentic academic discipline is thus associated with the Hungarian Sándor Kőrösi Csoma (1784–1842) who is considered as its founder to present day,[7] the other early Tibetologists of note being Philippe Édouard Foucaux who in 1842 occupied the first chair for Tibetan studies in Europe[a] and Isaac Jacob Schmidt, who was primarily the pioneering mongolist residing in Saint Petersburg.[8]

The publications of the British diplomat Charles Alfred Bell contributed towards the establishment of Tibetology as an academic discipline. As outstanding Tibetologists of the 20th century the British Frederick William Thomas, David Snellgrove, Michael Aris, and Richard Keith Sprigg, the Italians Giuseppe Tucci and Luciano Petech, the Frenchmen Jacques Bacot and Rolf Alfred Stein, finally the Germans Dieter Schuh and Klaus Sagaster, may be mentioned.[9]

In recent decades, particularly in English-speaking countries, the study of Tibet and Tibetology has opened out towards other disciplines, prompting works with an interdisciplinary approach. This has become most obvious in the regular conferences of the IATS (International Association of Tibetan Studies), held at intervals of three years in different cities around the world. Examples of such broader-based research include the work of the American anthropologist Melvyn Goldstein, among others, who has produced publications on subjects such as lexical questions, Tibetan nomadism, and the modern history of Tibet. Other recent research includes the work of Robert Barnett, Matthew Kapstein, Elliot Sperling, Alex McKay, Geoffrey Samuel, Flavio Geisshuesler, among others.[10]

Gallery edit

  •  
    Professor Turrell Wylie in 1979 at the University of Washington Department of Asian Languages and Literature
  •  
    David Germano in 2013
  •  
    Giuseppe Tucci (1894-1984) Italian Tibetologist drinking butter tea in Tibet in the 1930s
  •  
    Elliot Sperling 2014
  •  
    Shakabpa on the Tibetan Passport 1947 issued to Wangchuk Deden Shakabpa (Tibetan: ཞྭ་སྒབ་པ་དབང་ཕྱུག་བདེ་ལྡན།), then "Chief of the Finance Department of the Government of Tibet"[11][12][13]
  •  
    Sir Charles Alfred Bell, Author of the "Biography of the Dalai Lama" about the 13th Dalai Lama
  •  
    Sándor Kőrösi Csoma authored the first Tibetan-English dictionary
  •  
    Hugh Richardson in Tibet about 1940
  •  
    The Jesuit priest, Antonio de Andrade, born 1580, died 1634 was the first known European to have visited Tibet

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ At the school of Oriental Studies in Paris. See:Le Calloc'h, Bernard. "Philippe-Edouard Foucaux: First Tibetan teacher in Europe." Tibet Journal 12.1 (1987): 39-49.

Citations edit

  1. ^ Dotson, B. (2009). Contemporary Visions in Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the First International Seminar of Young Tibetologists. Serindia Publications. ISBN 978-1-932476-45-3. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  2. ^ Shih, C.; Chen, Y.W. (2018). Tibetan Studies in Comparative Perspective. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-98059-9. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  3. ^ Coleman, G. (2016). A Handbook Of Tibetan Culture: A Guide to Tibetan Centres and Resources Throughout the World. Ebury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4735-5022-3. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  4. ^ Kerin, M.R. (2015). Art and Devotion at a Buddhist Temple in the Indian Himalaya. Contemporary Indian Studies. Indiana University Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-253-01309-5. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  5. ^ Chapman, F.S. (1940). Lhasa the Holy City. Readers Union Limited.
  6. ^ Anderson, C.; Cattoi, T. (2022). The Routledge Handbook of Buddhist-Christian Studies. Routledge Handbooks in Religion. Taylor & Francis. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-000-63728-1. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  7. ^ Terjék, J.; Csoma, S.K. (1986). Grammar of the Tibetan Language. Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica Series. Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 978-963-05-4361-3. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  8. ^ Cox, S. (2022). The Subtle Body: A Genealogy. Oxford Studies in Western Esotericism. Oxford University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-19-758105-6. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  9. ^ Bell, C.A. (1927). Tibet, Past & Present. Oxford University Press : H. Milford. p. 175. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  10. ^ Coward, H.; Smith, G.S. (2012). Religion and Peacebuilding. SUNY series in Religious Studies. State University of New York Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-7914-8585-9. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  11. ^ Richardson, Hugh (Winter 1990). "Introduction". The Tibet Journal. 15 (4): 3–4. JSTOR 43300372.
  12. ^ . Brill.com. Brill. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  13. ^ Pommaret, Françoise (February 2011). "Reviewed Work(s): One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet". The Journal of Asian Studies. 70 (1): 230–233. JSTOR 41302243.

Other sources edit

  • Tsering Shakya: The Development of Modern Tibetan Studies. In: Robert Barnett (Hg.): Resistance and Reform in Tibet (Bloomington/Indianapolis, Indiana University Press 1994), ISBN 0-253-31131-4, S. 1–14.
  • SHAKABPA, W. D. 1967. Tibet: A Political History [With plates and maps.]. Yale University Press: New Haven & London.

External links edit

  • IATS - The International Association of Tibetan Studies
  • Tibetology Network
  • Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library

January 01, 1970
tibetology, tibetan, wylie, refers, study, things, related, tibet, including, history, religion, language, culture, politics, collection, tibetan, articles, historical, cultural, religious, significance, last, mean, collection, tibetan, statues, shrines, buddh. Tibetology Tibetan བ ད ར ག པ Wylie bod rig pa refers to the study of things related to Tibet including its history religion language culture politics and the collection of Tibetan articles of historical cultural and religious significance 1 The last may mean a collection of Tibetan statues shrines Buddhist icons and holy scripts Thangka embroideries paintings and tapestries jewellery masks and other objects of fine Tibetan art and craftsmanship 2 3 Contents 1 History 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Notes 4 2 Citations 4 3 Other sources 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp A Thanka painting inside the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology in Gangtok The Jesuit Antonio de Andrade 1580 1634 and a few others established a small mission and church in Tsaparang 1626 in the kingdom of Guge Western Tibet in the 17th century When the kingdom was overrun by the king of Ladakh 1631 the mission was destroyed 4 A century later another Jesuit the Italian Ippolito Desideri 1684 1733 was sent to Tibet and received permission to stay in Lhasa where he spent 5 years 1716 1721 living in a Tibetan monastery studying the language the religion of the lamas and other Tibetan customs 5 He published a couple of books in Tibetan on Christian doctrine Because of a conflict of jurisdiction the mission was entrusted to the Capuchins and not to the Jesuits Desideri had to leave Tibet and returned to Italy where he spent the rest of his life publishing his Historical notes on Tibet They were collected in 4 volumes under the title of Opere Tibetane Rome 1981 1989 Desideri may be considered as the first Tibetologist and he did much to make Tibet known in Europe 6 Desideri was however a pioneer and as such what he produced were rather observations on Tibet a work he did with objectivity and sympathy but not always perfect accuracy The inception of Tibetology as an authentic academic discipline is thus associated with the Hungarian Sandor Korosi Csoma 1784 1842 who is considered as its founder to present day 7 the other early Tibetologists of note being Philippe Edouard Foucaux who in 1842 occupied the first chair for Tibetan studies in Europe a and Isaac Jacob Schmidt who was primarily the pioneering mongolist residing in Saint Petersburg 8 The publications of the British diplomat Charles Alfred Bell contributed towards the establishment of Tibetology as an academic discipline As outstanding Tibetologists of the 20th century the British Frederick William Thomas David Snellgrove Michael Aris and Richard Keith Sprigg the Italians Giuseppe Tucci and Luciano Petech the Frenchmen Jacques Bacot and Rolf Alfred Stein finally the Germans Dieter Schuh and Klaus Sagaster may be mentioned 9 In recent decades particularly in English speaking countries the study of Tibet and Tibetology has opened out towards other disciplines prompting works with an interdisciplinary approach This has become most obvious in the regular conferences of the IATS International Association of Tibetan Studies held at intervals of three years in different cities around the world Examples of such broader based research include the work of the American anthropologist Melvyn Goldstein among others who has produced publications on subjects such as lexical questions Tibetan nomadism and the modern history of Tibet Other recent research includes the work of Robert Barnett Matthew Kapstein Elliot Sperling Alex McKay Geoffrey Samuel Flavio Geisshuesler among others 10 Gallery edit nbsp Professor Turrell Wylie in 1979 at the University of Washington Department of Asian Languages and Literature nbsp David Germano in 2013 nbsp Giuseppe Tucci 1894 1984 Italian Tibetologist drinking butter tea in Tibet in the 1930s nbsp Elliot Sperling 2014 nbsp Shakabpa on the Tibetan Passport 1947 issued to Wangchuk Deden Shakabpa Tibetan ཞ ས བ པ དབང ཕ ག བད ལ ན then Chief of the Finance Department of the Government of Tibet 11 12 13 nbsp Sir Charles Alfred Bell Author of the Biography of the Dalai Lama about the 13th Dalai Lama nbsp Sandor Korosi Csoma authored the first Tibetan English dictionary nbsp Hugh Richardson in Tibet about 1940 nbsp The Jesuit priest Antonio de Andrade born 1580 died 1634 was the first known European to have visited TibetSee also editBuddhist Digital Resource Center China Tibetology Research Center International Seminar of Young Tibetologists Vajrayana BuddhismReferences editNotes edit At the school of Oriental Studies in Paris See Le Calloc h Bernard Philippe Edouard Foucaux First Tibetan teacher in Europe Tibet Journal 12 1 1987 39 49 Citations edit Dotson B 2009 Contemporary Visions in Tibetan Studies Proceedings of the First International Seminar of Young Tibetologists Serindia Publications ISBN 978 1 932476 45 3 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Shih C Chen Y W 2018 Tibetan Studies in Comparative Perspective Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1 317 98059 9 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Coleman G 2016 A Handbook Of Tibetan Culture A Guide to Tibetan Centres and Resources Throughout the World Ebury Publishing ISBN 978 1 4735 5022 3 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Kerin M R 2015 Art and Devotion at a Buddhist Temple in the Indian Himalaya Contemporary Indian Studies Indiana University Press p 217 ISBN 978 0 253 01309 5 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Chapman F S 1940 Lhasa the Holy City Readers Union Limited Anderson C Cattoi T 2022 The Routledge Handbook of Buddhist Christian Studies Routledge Handbooks in Religion Taylor amp Francis p 156 ISBN 978 1 000 63728 1 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Terjek J Csoma S K 1986 Grammar of the Tibetan Language Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica Series Akademiai Kiado ISBN 978 963 05 4361 3 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Cox S 2022 The Subtle Body A Genealogy Oxford Studies in Western Esotericism Oxford University Press p 91 ISBN 978 0 19 758105 6 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Bell C A 1927 Tibet Past amp Present Oxford University Press H Milford p 175 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Coward H Smith G S 2012 Religion and Peacebuilding SUNY series in Religious Studies State University of New York Press p 91 ISBN 978 0 7914 8585 9 Retrieved 2024 03 11 Richardson Hugh Winter 1990 Introduction The Tibet Journal 15 4 3 4 JSTOR 43300372 One Hundred Thousand Moons An Advanced Political History of Tibet Brill com Brill Archived from the original on 16 March 2016 Retrieved 13 February 2018 Pommaret Francoise February 2011 Reviewed Work s One Hundred Thousand Moons An Advanced Political History of Tibet The Journal of Asian Studies 70 1 230 233 JSTOR 41302243 Other sources edit Tsering Shakya The Development of Modern Tibetan Studies In Robert Barnett Hg Resistance and Reform in Tibet Bloomington Indianapolis Indiana University Press 1994 ISBN 0 253 31131 4 S 1 14 SHAKABPA W D 1967 Tibet A Political History With plates and maps Yale University Press New Haven amp London External links editIATS The International Association of Tibetan Studies Tibetology Network Tibetan amp Himalayan Digital Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tibetology amp oldid 1216755658, 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