Thomas Loraine McKenney (21 March 1785 – 19 February 1859) was a United States official who served as Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824–1830.
Thomas Loraine McKenney, 1856
McKenny was born on March 21, 1785, in Hopewell, Maryland. He was the oldest of five boys, and was raised and received his education at Chestertown, Maryland. McKenney was a Quaker, which influenced his approach to interactions with Native Americans.[1]
After the abolition of the U.S. Indian Trade program in 1822, then Secretary of WarJohn C. Calhoun created a position without legislation within the War Department entitled Superintendent of Indian Affairs (this later became part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs). McKenney was appointed to this position, and held it from 1824 to 1830. McKenney was an advocate of the American Indian “civilization” program, becoming an avid promoter of removal of Indian bands and tribes to west of the Mississippi River. He liked to be referred to as "Colonel" by those around him.
Superintendent of Indian Trade/Superintendent of Indian Affairsedit
McKenney was the Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824 to 1830. He oversaw trading houses that created goods that were traded for furs. After the abolition of the U.S. Indian Trade program in 1822, Secretary of War John C. Calhoun created a position legislation within the War Department entitled Superintendent of Indian Affairs (this evolved to the Bureau of Indian Affairs). He appointed McKenney to this position, who served from 1824 to 1830. McKenney was an advocate of the American Indian “civilization” program, becoming an avid promoter of Indian removal west of the Mississippi River. After being elected to office, President Andrew Jackson, who favored Indian removal, dismissed McKenney from his position in 1830 when Jackson disagreed with his opinion that “the Indian was, in his intellectual and moral structure, our equal.”[citation needed] (But it was also typical of new administrations to make their own political appointments.)
McKenney had helped support John C. Calhoun's bid for president in 1824; Calhoun rewarded him with a patronage position after being appointed as Secretary of War. While serving as Superintendent of Trade and Indian Affairs, McKenney helped gain passage of the Indian Civilization Act of 1819. Eleven years later, he helped draft and gain passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
But McKenney also denounced the United States Government for failing to keep white people out of territory belonging to the Cherokee as part of a treaty.[2]
History of the Indian Tribes of North Americaedit
History of the Indian Tribes of North America
McKenney worked with James Hall along with Charles Bird King to create and publish the three volumes of the History of the Indian Tribes of North America, which were released from the years of (1836-1844).[3] In 1821-1822 multiple delegates of various tribes visited Washington and while they were there McKenney took them to Charles Bird King who would paint their likeness. McKenney kept this going while working at the Department of War until he was fired, he then moved to Philadelphia to better work on the project. Once in Philadelphia the portraits were copied, in the end there were around 150 portraits.
Gallery of the History of the Indian Tribes of North Americaedit
After McKenny was fired he tried and failed to be appointed to the Whig administration of then president Zachary Taylor. McKenny would die in a Brooklyn boardinghouse alone with no wife or son, his family had already passed away by that point. He wrote the two volume work, History of the Indian Tribes of North America, With Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs.[4]
McKenney died in New York City in February 1859.
Referencesedit
McKenney, Thomas L. Memoirs, Official and Personal: Thomas L. McKenney. [1846] With Introduction by Herman J. Viola. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1973.
Viola, Herman J. Thomas L. McKenney: Architect of America’s Early Indian Policy: 1816-1830. Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc., Sage Books. 1974.
^"Art and Architecture of New Jersey" article on McKenney 2012-03-15 at the Wayback Machine
^"Thomas McKenney and the Indians | Glover Park History". gloverparkhistory.com. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
^History of the Indian Tribes of North America: With Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs. D.Rice & Company. 1874.
Bibliographyedit
Drinnon, Richard. “Facing West.” Google Books. Google. Accessed April 20, 2021. https://books.google.com/books?id=wrexPiqKo58C&q=Thomas%2BL.%2BMcKenney#v=snippet&q=Thomas%20L.%20McKenney&f=false.
Fletcher, Carlton. “Home.” Glover Park History. Accessed April 20, 2021. https://gloverparkhistory.com/estates-and-farms/weston/thomas-l-mckenney-and-the-indians/.
Viola, Herman J. “Diplomats in Buckskins.” Google Books. Google. Accessed April 20, 2021. https://books.google.com/books?id=FeGEhXY-4aEC&q=KENNY#v=onepage&q=mckenney&f=false.
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Thomas Loraine McKenney 21 March 1785 19 February 1859 was a United States official who served as Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824 1830 Thomas Loraine McKenney 1856McKenny was born on March 21 1785 in Hopewell Maryland He was the oldest of five boys and was raised and received his education at Chestertown Maryland McKenney was a Quaker which influenced his approach to interactions with Native Americans 1 After the abolition of the U S Indian Trade program in 1822 then Secretary of War John C Calhoun created a position without legislation within the War Department entitled Superintendent of Indian Affairs this later became part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs McKenney was appointed to this position and held it from 1824 to 1830 McKenney was an advocate of the American Indian civilization program becoming an avid promoter of removal of Indian bands and tribes to west of the Mississippi River He liked to be referred to as Colonel by those around him Contents 1 Superintendent of Indian Trade Superintendent of Indian Affairs 2 History of the Indian Tribes of North America 3 Gallery of the History of the Indian Tribes of North America 4 Death and legacy 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 See alsoSuperintendent of Indian Trade Superintendent of Indian Affairs editMcKenney was the Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824 to 1830 He oversaw trading houses that created goods that were traded for furs After the abolition of the U S Indian Trade program in 1822 Secretary of War John C Calhoun created a position legislation within the War Department entitled Superintendent of Indian Affairs this evolved to the Bureau of Indian Affairs He appointed McKenney to this position who served from 1824 to 1830 McKenney was an advocate of the American Indian civilization program becoming an avid promoter of Indian removal west of the Mississippi River After being elected to office President Andrew Jackson who favored Indian removal dismissed McKenney from his position in 1830 when Jackson disagreed with his opinion that the Indian was in his intellectual and moral structure our equal citation needed But it was also typical of new administrations to make their own political appointments McKenney had helped support John C Calhoun s bid for president in 1824 Calhoun rewarded him with a patronage position after being appointed as Secretary of War While serving as Superintendent of Trade and Indian Affairs McKenney helped gain passage of the Indian Civilization Act of 1819 Eleven years later he helped draft and gain passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 But McKenney also denounced the United States Government for failing to keep white people out of territory belonging to the Cherokee as part of a treaty 2 History of the Indian Tribes of North America edit nbsp History of the Indian Tribes of North AmericaMcKenney worked with James Hall along with Charles Bird King to create and publish the three volumes of the History of the Indian Tribes of North America which were released from the years of 1836 1844 3 In 1821 1822 multiple delegates of various tribes visited Washington and while they were there McKenney took them to Charles Bird King who would paint their likeness McKenney kept this going while working at the Department of War until he was fired he then moved to Philadelphia to better work on the project Once in Philadelphia the portraits were copied in the end there were around 150 portraits Gallery of the History of the Indian Tribes of North America edit nbsp A na cam e gish ca A Chippeway Ojibwe chief nbsp Amiskquew A Menominee warrior nbsp Caa tou see An Ojibwe chief nbsp Jack O Pa An Ojibwe chief nbsp Kee shes wa A Fox chief nbsp Little Crow A Sioux chief nbsp Menawa A Muscogee Creek chief nbsp Ojibwe woman and child nbsp Choctaw chief Pushmataha 1824 nbsp Red Jacket Seneca orator and chief of the Wolf clan nbsp Cherokee Major Ridge 1834 nbsp Sequoyah or George Guess creator of the Cherokee alphabet nbsp Tah Chee Dutch A Cherokee chief nbsp Tshusick An Ojibwe woman nbsp Chief Wapello Wa pel la the Prince Musquakee Chief Death and legacy editAfter McKenny was fired he tried and failed to be appointed to the Whig administration of then president Zachary Taylor McKenny would die in a Brooklyn boardinghouse alone with no wife or son his family had already passed away by that point He wrote the two volume work History of the Indian Tribes of North America With Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs 4 McKenney died in New York City in February 1859 References editMcKenney Thomas L Memoirs Official and Personal Thomas L McKenney 1846 With Introduction by Herman J Viola Lincoln University of Nebraska Press 1973 Viola Herman J Thomas L McKenney Architect of America s Early Indian Policy 1816 1830 Chicago The Swallow Press Inc Sage Books 1974 Art and Architecture of New Jersey article on McKenney Archived 2012 03 15 at the Wayback Machine Digital History www digitalhistory uh edu Retrieved 2021 05 07 Thomas McKenney and the Indians Glover Park History gloverparkhistory com Retrieved 2021 03 31 History of the Indian Tribes of North America With Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs D Rice amp Company 1874 Bibliography editDrinnon Richard Facing West Google Books Google Accessed April 20 2021 https books google com books id wrexPiqKo58C amp q Thomas 2BL 2BMcKenney v snippet amp q Thomas 20L 20McKenney amp f false Fletcher Carlton Home Glover Park History Accessed April 20 2021 https gloverparkhistory com estates and farms weston thomas l mckenney and the indians Viola Herman J Diplomats in Buckskins Google Books Google Accessed April 20 2021 https books google com books id FeGEhXY 4aEC amp q KENNY v onepage amp q mckenney amp f false Viola Herman J McKenney Thomas Loraine 1785 1859 Government Official American National Biography Oxford University Press Accessed April 20 2021 https www anb org view 10 1093 anb 9780198606697 001 0001 anb 9780198606697 e 0300320 jsessionid 7986B9412E2F498488536AE7EC415489 McKenney Thomas L Digital History Accessed May 7 2021 https www digitalhistory uh edu disp textbook cfm smtid 3 amp psid 679 See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thomas L McKenney U S Bureau of Indian Affairs History of the Indian Tribes of North America Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thomas L McKenney amp oldid 1182590451, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
