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Theodor Körner (president)

February 28, 2023

Theodor Körner, Edler von Siegringen (German pronunciation: [ˈteːoˌdoːɐ̯ ˈkœʁnɐ] (listen); 23 April 1873 – 4 January 1957) was an Austrian military officer and statesman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. He served as President of Austria from 1951 to 1957 and as Mayor of Vienna from 1945 to 1951.

Theodor Körner
President of Austria
In office
21 June 1951 – 4 January 1957
ChancellorLeopold Figl
Julius Raab
Preceded byKarl Renner
Succeeded byAdolf Schärf
Mayor and Governor of Vienna
In office
17 April 1945 – 18 June 1951
Preceded byRudolf Prikryl
Succeeded byFranz Jonas
Chair of the Federal Council
In office
1 December 1933 – 17 February 1934
Preceded byOtto Ender
Succeeded byFranz Hemala
Personal details
Born(1873-04-23)23 April 1873
Újszőny, Austria-Hungary
now part of Komárom, Hungary
Died4 January 1957(1957-01-04) (aged 83)
Vienna, Austria
Political partySocial Democratic Party
Military service
Branch/service Austro-Hungarian Army
(1894–1918)
Bundesheer
(1918–1924)
Rank Colonel
General
Unit
  • 72nd Infantry Brigade
  • Levoča Hungarian Infantry Regiment
Commands
Battles/wars
AwardsAustro-Hungarian Military Merit Cross Third Class
Imperial Order of the Iron Crown Third Class
Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa

Early life

As son of an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army, he was born in Újszőny,[1] Kingdom of Hungary (today part of Komárom, Hungary), as the second child of an Artillery Captain, later promoted to major Theodor Karl Körner, Edler von Siegringen (1828-1917) and his wife, Karoline Fousek (1849–1929). He had one older sister, Rosa Antonia (b. 1872) and one younger brother Richrad (1874-1915), who later became lieutenant colonel in the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces during World War I.[2] He was great nephew of poet Theodor Körner and was distantly related to Bertha von Suttner, through her mother, Sophie Wilhelmine von Körner (1815-1884), who was also related to the poet.[3]

Biography

In 1883–1888, Körner lived in Chrastava, where his father was born, and attended the elementary school there.[4] From 1888, he attended the military school in Hranice, graduated at the head of his class as a pioneer from the Imperial and Royal Technical Military Academy, and became lieutenant in 1894. He served as an officer in Agram (today Zagreb, Croatia) and was promoted to major in 1904, in which year he became a member of the Austrian staff. During World War I, he was an active commander on the Italian front. He resigned from his military career in 1924 as a General.

Always interested in politics, he joined the social democrats and became a member of parliament in 1924. He served as Chairman of the Federal Council of Austria between December 1933 and February 1934.[5]

Körner was a member of the Technischer Ausschuss (Technical Committee) of the Republikanischer Schutzbund and, alongside Alexander Eifler, considered one of its two leading military strategists. As opposed to Eifler, who favored a more streamlined and classic military organization for the Social-Democratic paramilitary, Körner proposed a strategic outline utilizing guerilla warfare and mass action in the case of a civil war. Eifler was eventually able to assert his strategic views in his struggle with Körner, in the course of which Körner left the technical committee in 1930.

The civil war in Austria and the installation of the austro-fascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss ended Körner's career as a politician. He was arrested, like other members of his party, by the authoritarian government that banned all opposition parties and put their representatives into prison. During World War II, Körner was again imprisoned, this time by the Nazis.

After the war, in April 1945, Körner became Mayor of Vienna in the newly erected Second Republic. Körner was responsible for rebuilding and reconstructing Vienna, which was heavily destroyed due to the bombing during the war. After the death of Karl Renner, his party nominated Körner as candidate for the presidency, and Körner won the elections with slightly more than 51 percent of the votes. He therefore became the first President of Austria directly elected by the people. Körner died in Vienna, in office, the second consecutive President to do so.

Körner had a profound knowledge of military sciences and wrote about military theory. In Vienna, there is a street named after him, as is the Theodor Körner Prize, an Austrian award for science and art.

A motor vessel, the MS Theodor Körner was built in 1965 and currently operates on the Danube River as a "Bike & Boat" cruise ship, accommodating 135 passengers plus crew. [6][7]

Awards

References

  1. ^ Österreichisches Staatsarchiv / Kriegsarchiv
  2. ^ https://ulis-buecherecke.ch/Neue%20Eintr%C3%A4ge%202021/koerner_buergermeister_bundespraesident.pdf
  3. ^ Kempf, pp. 7–8.
  4. ^ "Bulletin č. 112 – 1/2004" (in Czech). Město Chrastava. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  5. ^ "Präsidentinnen und Präsidenten seit 1920". parlament.gv.at. Parlament Österreich.
  6. ^ "MS Theodor Körner".
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 2020-08-04.

Sources

  • Ilona Duczynska: (Hrsg. und kommentiert): Theodor Körner. Auf Vorposten. Ausgewählte Schriften 1928 - 1938. Europaverlag, Wien, 1977, ISBN 3-203-50617-3
  • Thea Leitner: Körner aus der Nähe. Danubia Verlag, Wien, 1951.
  • Eric C. Kollman: Militär und Politik. VERL.DF.GESCH.U.POL., Wien, 1973.
  • Thea Leitner: Hühnerstall und Nobelball. 1938–1955. Leben in Krieg und Frieden. Ueberreuter, Wien, 2004, ISBN 3-8000-3927-3

External links

February 28, 2023
theodor, körner, president, theodor, körner, edler, siegringen, german, pronunciation, ˈteːoˌdoːɐ, ˈkœʁnɐ, listen, april, 1873, january, 1957, austrian, military, officer, statesman, social, democratic, party, austria, served, president, austria, from, 1951, 1. Theodor Korner Edler von Siegringen German pronunciation ˈteːoˌdoːɐ ˈkœʁnɐ listen 23 April 1873 4 January 1957 was an Austrian military officer and statesman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria He served as President of Austria from 1951 to 1957 and as Mayor of Vienna from 1945 to 1951 Theodor KornerPresident of AustriaIn office 21 June 1951 4 January 1957ChancellorLeopold FiglJulius RaabPreceded byKarl RennerSucceeded byAdolf ScharfMayor and Governor of ViennaIn office 17 April 1945 18 June 1951Preceded byRudolf PrikrylSucceeded byFranz JonasChair of the Federal CouncilIn office 1 December 1933 17 February 1934Preceded byOtto EnderSucceeded byFranz HemalaPersonal detailsBorn 1873 04 23 23 April 1873Ujszony Austria Hungarynow part of Komarom HungaryDied4 January 1957 1957 01 04 aged 83 Vienna AustriaPolitical partySocial Democratic PartyMilitary serviceBranch serviceAustro Hungarian Army 1894 1918 Bundesheer 1918 1924 RankColonel GeneralUnit72nd Infantry Brigade Levoca Hungarian Infantry RegimentCommandsXV and VII Army Corps First Isonzo Army Inspector General of the ArmyBattles warsWorld War I Battles of the IsonzoAwardsAustro Hungarian Military Merit Cross Third ClassImperial Order of the Iron Crown Third ClassKnight s Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa Contents 1 Early life 2 Biography 3 Awards 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksEarly life EditAs son of an officer of the Austro Hungarian Army he was born in Ujszony 1 Kingdom of Hungary today part of Komarom Hungary as the second child of an Artillery Captain later promoted to major Theodor Karl Korner Edler von Siegringen 1828 1917 and his wife Karoline Fousek 1849 1929 He had one older sister Rosa Antonia b 1872 and one younger brother Richrad 1874 1915 who later became lieutenant colonel in the Austro Hungarian Armed Forces during World War I 2 He was great nephew of poet Theodor Korner and was distantly related to Bertha von Suttner through her mother Sophie Wilhelmine von Korner 1815 1884 who was also related to the poet 3 Biography EditIn 1883 1888 Korner lived in Chrastava where his father was born and attended the elementary school there 4 From 1888 he attended the military school in Hranice graduated at the head of his class as a pioneer from the Imperial and Royal Technical Military Academy and became lieutenant in 1894 He served as an officer in Agram today Zagreb Croatia and was promoted to major in 1904 in which year he became a member of the Austrian staff During World War I he was an active commander on the Italian front He resigned from his military career in 1924 as a General Always interested in politics he joined the social democrats and became a member of parliament in 1924 He served as Chairman of the Federal Council of Austria between December 1933 and February 1934 5 Korner was a member of the Technischer Ausschuss Technical Committee of the Republikanischer Schutzbund and alongside Alexander Eifler considered one of its two leading military strategists As opposed to Eifler who favored a more streamlined and classic military organization for the Social Democratic paramilitary Korner proposed a strategic outline utilizing guerilla warfare and mass action in the case of a civil war Eifler was eventually able to assert his strategic views in his struggle with Korner in the course of which Korner left the technical committee in 1930 The civil war in Austria and the installation of the austro fascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss ended Korner s career as a politician He was arrested like other members of his party by the authoritarian government that banned all opposition parties and put their representatives into prison During World War II Korner was again imprisoned this time by the Nazis After the war in April 1945 Korner became Mayor of Vienna in the newly erected Second Republic Korner was responsible for rebuilding and reconstructing Vienna which was heavily destroyed due to the bombing during the war After the death of Karl Renner his party nominated Korner as candidate for the presidency and Korner won the elections with slightly more than 51 percent of the votes He therefore became the first President of Austria directly elected by the people Korner died in Vienna in office the second consecutive President to do so Korner had a profound knowledge of military sciences and wrote about military theory In Vienna there is a street named after him as is the Theodor Korner Prize an Austrian award for science and art A motor vessel the MS Theodor Korner was built in 1965 and currently operates on the Danube River as a Bike amp Boat cruise ship accommodating 135 passengers plus crew 6 7 Awards EditHonorary Doctorate at the Vienna University of Technology 1945 Honorary citizen of Vienna city 1948 Grand Cross special class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1956 References Edit Osterreichisches Staatsarchiv Kriegsarchiv https ulis buecherecke ch Neue 20Eintr C3 A4ge 202021 koerner buergermeister bundespraesident pdf Kempf pp 7 8 Bulletin c 112 1 2004 in Czech Mesto Chrastava Retrieved 2022 10 17 Prasidentinnen und Prasidenten seit 1920 parlament gv at Parlament Osterreich MS Theodor Korner Theodor Korner Archived from the original on 2020 08 04 Sources EditIlona Duczynska Hrsg und kommentiert Theodor Korner Auf Vorposten Ausgewahlte Schriften 1928 1938 Europaverlag Wien 1977 ISBN 3 203 50617 3 Thea Leitner Korner aus der Nahe Danubia Verlag Wien 1951 Eric C Kollman Militar und Politik VERL DF GESCH U POL Wien 1973 Thea Leitner Huhnerstall und Nobelball 1938 1955 Leben in Krieg und Frieden Ueberreuter Wien 2004 ISBN 3 8000 3927 3External links EditBiography contact details and speeches since 1996 of Theodor Korner at the Parliament of Austria German Theodor Korner Theodor Korner in the German National Library catalogue Originalton von Burgermeister Korner 1951 Biographie in der Wiener Zeitung Theodor Korner president in Austria Forum in German Theodor Korner at Find a Grave The Voice of Theodor Korner in German from the archive of the Osterreichische Mediathek Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Theodor Korner president amp oldid 1135194683, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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