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The Dakotas

February 16, 2024

For other uses, see The Dakotas (disambiguation) and Dakota (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with The Dakota.

The Dakotas is a collective term for the U.S. states of North Dakota and South Dakota. It has been used historically to describe the Dakota Territory, and is still used for the collective heritage,[2] culture, geography,[3] fauna,[4] sociology,[5] economy,[6][7] and cuisine[8] of the two states.

The Dakotas
Region
North and South Dakota in light green
Country United States of America
States North Dakota
 South Dakota
Admission to UnionNovember 2, 1889 (both North and South Dakota)
Area
 • Total147,816 sq mi (382,840 km2)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total1,670,324
 • Density11/sq mi (4.4/km2)
DemonymDakotan

Etymology edit

The name "Dakota" refers to the Dakota people.[9]

History edit

Main article: Dakota Territory § History

The territory now known as the Dakotas includes a large portion of the ancestral land of Native American tribes, in particular various tribes of Sioux such as the Dakota people, also known as the Santee Sioux. The United States government stakes its claim to the land through the Louisiana Purchase and Rupert's Land acquisition. The region historically involved a complex series of conflicts between the U.S. government and Native American tribes (and among themselves).

The region was part of the Minnesota and Nebraska territories until 1861. Dakota Territory initially included parts of present day Montana, Nebraska and Wyoming. The fall of 1861 resulted in a poor harvest and was followed by a harsh winter, leading to extreme hardship for the Dakota in the region. Desperate for food and money, they were denied loans by local traders. A series of raids in the spring of 1862 ultimately resulted in Dakota War of 1862 between the U.S. government and the Dakota people. The U.S. won the war, the aftermath which included a mass hanging of 38 people on December 26, 1862, the largest mass execution in U.S. history. The remaining Santee Dakota people were exiled by the U.S. government to the Dakota Territory.[10]

The end of the war did not solve the conflicts between Native Americans and the Americans. Fighting would continue, for example along the Bozeman Trail, until the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868. The treaty established the Great Sioux Reservation and "designated the Black Hills as 'unceded Indian Territory' for the exclusive use of native peoples."[11] The subsequent discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 by George Armstrong Custer's Black Hills Expedition, would cause a gold rush and the U.S. to violate the treaty. The Indian Appropriations Act of 1876 went into effect on August 15, 1876. This was referred to as "sell or starve" by the Native Americans and led to the Great Sioux War of 1876. The conflict between the Sioux and miners and the U.S. forces backing them would culminate in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as "Custer's Last Stand", the most significant battle of the war. Despite being a Sioux victory, Battle of the Little Bighorn preceded the Agreement of 1877 which took away the Black Hills and forced Native Americans onto reservations (see Black Hills land claim) and left the Sioux with little means to address their grievances.

Before he left office, President Cleveland signed a bill on February 22, 1889, splitting the Dakota Territory along the modern borders. This bill was ratified by Congress, and President Harrison signed the paper work to create the US states of North Dakota and South Dakota on November 2, 1889, deliberately signing such that it was unknown which was officially created first.

The debate over the land within the Dakotas, specifically the Black Hills, is unsettled. The Sioux in 1920 began a legal battle over their ancestral lands within the US system of justice. Sixty years later, the US Supreme Court upheld in 1980's United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians case that tribal land was illegally taken from the Sioux and ruled they deserved financial compensation. The Sioux Nation has refused the offer because the land was "never for sale".[11]

Overview edit

The two states combined have a population of 1,670,324, slightly less than Idaho, ranking at 39th place. The Dakotas have a total area of 147,878 square miles (383,177 square kilometers), which would rank 4th among U.S. states, right before Montana. The two states also have a population density of 9.8 per sq. mi (3.8 per km2).

The Dakotas are within the Midwestern United States, with the western portion in the High Plains. The PBS miniseries New Perspectives on the West noted historically important areas within the Dakotas, including the Black Hills, the town of Deadwood, Fort Buford, Standing Rock Reservation and Wounded Knee.[12] The Upper Missouri River and the Upper Missouri River Valley are important geological features in the area, as well.

The area is mostly inhabited by people of Northern European origin. 44.9% of the population are of German ancestry, 21.8% of Norwegian, and 9.6% are of Irish heritage.[citation needed]

Both of the Dakotas have humid continental climate, with warm to hot summers and cold to even subarctic temperatures in winter. Due to the difference in circle of latitude, temperatures differ by degrees between the southern and northern areas, even inside the respective states.

Main cities edit

The following are the top twenty-two most populous cities in The Dakotas. Pierre, South Dakota, and Bismarck, North Dakota, are the respective state capitals.

  1. Sioux Falls, South Dakota: 202,078
  2. Fargo, North Dakota: 131,444
  3. Rapid City, South Dakota: 78,824
  4. Bismarck, North Dakota: 74,445
  5. Grand Forks, North Dakota: 58,692
  6. Minot, North Dakota: 47,759
  7. West Fargo, North Dakota: 39,985
  8. Aberdeen, South Dakota: 28,210
  9. Williston, North Dakota: 27,029
  10. Dickinson, North Dakota: 25,679
  11. Mandan, North Dakota: 24,206
  12. Brookings, South Dakota: 23,993
  13. Watertown, South Dakota: 23,019
  14. Jamestown, North Dakota: 15,849
  15. Mitchell, South Dakota: 15,659
  16. Yankton, South Dakota: 15,411
  17. Huron, South Dakota: 14,263
  18. Pierre, South Dakota: 14,091
  19. Spearfish, South Dakota: 12,193
  20. Box Elder, South Dakota: 11,746
  21. Vermillion, South Dakota: 11,695
  22. Brandon, South Dakota: 11,048

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "QuickFacts: North Dakota; South Dakota". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  2. ^ "Serengeti in the Dakotas", Scientific American. May 2007. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
  3. ^ "Prairie Basin Wetlands of the Dakotas: A Community Profile. USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
  4. ^ "Wild Horses in Montana and the Dakotas", Retrieved April 20, 2008.
  5. ^ "Time Passages, Genealogy of the Dakotas". Retrieved April 20, 2008.
  6. ^ "Dakotas rank high on congressional pork list"[permanent dead link], ArgusLeader.com. April 2, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
  7. ^ "Black Gold in the Dakotas", Dakota Voice. April 6, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
  8. ^ Wieland, K. (2007) The Dakota Diet: Health Secrets from the Great Plains. Basic Health Publications.
  9. ^ "Definition of DAKOTA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  10. ^ "Sioux | Tribes, Meaning, Languages, Religion, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  11. ^ a b Cutlip, Kimbra (November 7, 2018). "In 1868, Two Nations Made a Treaty, the U.S. Broke It and Plains Indian Tribes are Still Seeking Justice". Smithsonian Magazine.
  12. ^ "New perspectives on the West: The Dakotas", PBS. Retrieved April 20, 2008.

Further reading edit

  • McMacken, R. (2006) Off the Beaten Path: The Dakotas. Globe Pequot.

External links edit

  • Historic map of the Dakotas

46°N 100°W / 46°N 100°W / 46; -100

February 16, 2024
dakotas, other, uses, disambiguation, dakota, disambiguation, confused, with, dakota, collective, term, states, north, dakota, south, dakota, been, used, historically, describe, dakota, territory, still, used, collective, heritage, culture, geography, fauna, s. For other uses see The Dakotas disambiguation and Dakota disambiguation Not to be confused with The Dakota The Dakotas is a collective term for the U S states of North Dakota and South Dakota It has been used historically to describe the Dakota Territory and is still used for the collective heritage 2 culture geography 3 fauna 4 sociology 5 economy 6 7 and cuisine 8 of the two states The DakotasRegionNorth and South Dakota in light greenCountry United States of AmericaStates North Dakota South DakotaAdmission to UnionNovember 2 1889 both North and South Dakota Area Total147 816 sq mi 382 840 km2 Population 2021 1 Total1 670 324 Density11 sq mi 4 4 km2 DemonymDakotan Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Overview 3 1 Main cities 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksEtymology editThe name Dakota refers to the Dakota people 9 History editMain article Dakota Territory History The territory now known as the Dakotas includes a large portion of the ancestral land of Native American tribes in particular various tribes of Sioux such as the Dakota people also known as the Santee Sioux The United States government stakes its claim to the land through the Louisiana Purchase and Rupert s Land acquisition The region historically involved a complex series of conflicts between the U S government and Native American tribes and among themselves The region was part of the Minnesota and Nebraska territories until 1861 Dakota Territory initially included parts of present day Montana Nebraska and Wyoming The fall of 1861 resulted in a poor harvest and was followed by a harsh winter leading to extreme hardship for the Dakota in the region Desperate for food and money they were denied loans by local traders A series of raids in the spring of 1862 ultimately resulted in Dakota War of 1862 between the U S government and the Dakota people The U S won the war the aftermath which included a mass hanging of 38 people on December 26 1862 the largest mass execution in U S history The remaining Santee Dakota people were exiled by the U S government to the Dakota Territory 10 The end of the war did not solve the conflicts between Native Americans and the Americans Fighting would continue for example along the Bozeman Trail until the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 The treaty established the Great Sioux Reservation and designated the Black Hills as unceded Indian Territory for the exclusive use of native peoples 11 The subsequent discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 by George Armstrong Custer s Black Hills Expedition would cause a gold rush and the U S to violate the treaty The Indian Appropriations Act of 1876 went into effect on August 15 1876 This was referred to as sell or starve by the Native Americans and led to the Great Sioux War of 1876 The conflict between the Sioux and miners and the U S forces backing them would culminate in the Battle of the Little Bighorn also known as Custer s Last Stand the most significant battle of the war Despite being a Sioux victory Battle of the Little Bighorn preceded the Agreement of 1877 which took away the Black Hills and forced Native Americans onto reservations see Black Hills land claim and left the Sioux with little means to address their grievances Before he left office President Cleveland signed a bill on February 22 1889 splitting the Dakota Territory along the modern borders This bill was ratified by Congress and President Harrison signed the paper work to create the US states of North Dakota and South Dakota on November 2 1889 deliberately signing such that it was unknown which was officially created first The debate over the land within the Dakotas specifically the Black Hills is unsettled The Sioux in 1920 began a legal battle over their ancestral lands within the US system of justice Sixty years later the US Supreme Court upheld in 1980 s United States v Sioux Nation of Indians case that tribal land was illegally taken from the Sioux and ruled they deserved financial compensation The Sioux Nation has refused the offer because the land was never for sale 11 Overview editThe two states combined have a population of 1 670 324 slightly less than Idaho ranking at 39th place The Dakotas have a total area of 147 878 square miles 383 177 square kilometers which would rank 4th among U S states right before Montana The two states also have a population density of 9 8 per sq mi 3 8 per km2 The Dakotas are within the Midwestern United States with the western portion in the High Plains The PBS miniseries New Perspectives on the West noted historically important areas within the Dakotas including the Black Hills the town of Deadwood Fort Buford Standing Rock Reservation and Wounded Knee 12 The Upper Missouri River and the Upper Missouri River Valley are important geological features in the area as well The area is mostly inhabited by people of Northern European origin 44 9 of the population are of German ancestry 21 8 of Norwegian and 9 6 are of Irish heritage citation needed Both of the Dakotas have humid continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold to even subarctic temperatures in winter Due to the difference in circle of latitude temperatures differ by degrees between the southern and northern areas even inside the respective states Main cities edit The following are the top twenty two most populous cities in The Dakotas Pierre South Dakota and Bismarck North Dakota are the respective state capitals Sioux Falls South Dakota 202 078 Fargo North Dakota 131 444 Rapid City South Dakota 78 824 Bismarck North Dakota 74 445 Grand Forks North Dakota 58 692 Minot North Dakota 47 759 West Fargo North Dakota 39 985 Aberdeen South Dakota 28 210 Williston North Dakota 27 029 Dickinson North Dakota 25 679 Mandan North Dakota 24 206 Brookings South Dakota 23 993 Watertown South Dakota 23 019 Jamestown North Dakota 15 849 Mitchell South Dakota 15 659 Yankton South Dakota 15 411 Huron South Dakota 14 263 Pierre South Dakota 14 091 Spearfish South Dakota 12 193 Box Elder South Dakota 11 746 Vermillion South Dakota 11 695 Brandon South Dakota 11 048See also editThe Californias The Canadas The Carolinas The Floridas The VirginiasReferences edit QuickFacts North Dakota South Dakota Census gov United States Census Bureau Retrieved March 31 2022 Serengeti in the Dakotas Scientific American May 2007 Retrieved April 20 2008 Prairie Basin Wetlands of the Dakotas A Community Profile USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Retrieved April 20 2008 Wild Horses in Montana and the Dakotas Retrieved April 20 2008 Time Passages Genealogy of the Dakotas Retrieved April 20 2008 Dakotas rank high on congressional pork list permanent dead link ArgusLeader com April 2 2008 Retrieved April 20 2008 Black Gold in the Dakotas Dakota Voice April 6 2008 Retrieved April 20 2008 Wieland K 2007 The Dakota Diet Health Secrets from the Great Plains Basic Health Publications Definition of DAKOTA www merriam webster com Retrieved October 3 2021 Sioux Tribes Meaning Languages Religion amp Facts Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved October 3 2021 a b Cutlip Kimbra November 7 2018 In 1868 Two Nations Made a Treaty the U S Broke It and Plains Indian Tribes are Still Seeking Justice Smithsonian Magazine New perspectives on the West The Dakotas PBS Retrieved April 20 2008 Further reading editMcMacken R 2006 Off the Beaten Path The Dakotas Globe Pequot External links editHistoric map of the Dakotas46 N 100 W 46 N 100 W 46 100 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Dakotas amp oldid 1189887050, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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