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The Cost of Knowledge

December 31, 2022

The Cost of Knowledge is a protest by academics against the business practices of academic journal publisher Elsevier. Among the reasons for the protests were a call for lower prices for journals and to promote increased open access to information. The main work of the project was to ask researchers to sign a statement committing not to support Elsevier journals by publishing, performing peer review, or providing editorial services for these journals.

Logo of the campaign

History

Before the advent of the Internet, it was difficult for scholars to distribute articles giving their research results.[1] Historically, publishers performed services including proofreading, typesetting, copyediting, printing, and worldwide distribution.[1] In modern times, all researchers became expected to give the publishers digital copies of their work which needed no further processing – in other words, the modern academic is expected to do, often for free, duties traditionally assigned to the publisher, and for which, traditionally, the publisher is paid in exchange.[1] For digital distribution, printing was unnecessary, copying was free, and worldwide distribution happens online instantly.[1] Internet technology, and with it the aforementioned significant decrease in overhead costs, enabled the four major scientific publishers – Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Informa – to cut their expenditures such that they could consistently generate gross margins on revenue of over 33%.[1]

Resignations of Editorial Boards

Main article: Topology (journal) § Pricing dispute

In 2006, the nine editorial board members of Oxford University's Elsevier-published mathematics journal Topology resigned because they agreed among themselves that Elsevier's publishing policies had "a significant and damaging effect on Topology's reputation in the mathematical research community."[2] An Elsevier spokesperson disputed this, saying that "this still constitutes a pretty rare occurrence" and that the journal "is actually available today to more people than ever before".[2] Journalists recognize this event as part of the precedent to The Cost of Knowledge campaign.[3][4] In 2008, the Journal of Topology started independently of Elsevier, and Topology ended publication in 2009.

Similarly, in 2015 the entire editorial board of the Elsevier journal Lingua resigned and started a new, open access journal called Glossa [1] Nevertheless, Lingua continues to exist in 2021 [2], albeit with a lower impact factor.

A change from status quo

On 21 January 2012, the mathematician Timothy Gowers called for a boycott of Elsevier with a post[5] on his personal blog. This blog post attracted enough attention that other media sources commented on it as being part of the start of a movement.[6] The three reasons he cited for the boycott are high subscription prices for individual journals, bundling subscriptions to journals of different value and importance, and Elsevier's support for SOPA, the PROTECT IP Act, and the Research Works Act.[4][7][8] The "Statement of Purpose" on the Cost of Knowledge website explains that Elsevier was chosen as an initial focus for discontent due to a "widespread feeling among mathematicians that they are the worst offender."[9] The statement further mentions "scandals, lawsuits, lobbying, etc." as reasons for focusing on Elsevier.[9]

Elsevier disputed the claims, arguing that their prices are below the industry average, and stating that bundling is only one of several different options available to buy access to Elsevier journals.[7] The company also claimed that its considerable profit margins are "simply a consequence of the firm's efficient operation".[4] Critics of Elsevier claim that in 2010, 36% of Elsevier's reported revenues of US$3.2 billion was profit.[10] Elsevier claimed to have an operating margin of 25.7% in 2010.[11]

Impact and reception

A 2016 study evaluating the boycott has questioned its impact, stating that in the past four years 38% of signatories had abandoned their "won't publish in an Elsevier outlet" commitment and that only around 5000 researchers were still clearly boycotting Elsevier by publishing elsewhere. It concludes "Few researchers have signed the petition in recent years, thus giving the impression the boycott has run its course.".[12]

In February 2012, analysts of the Exane Paribas bank reported a financial impact on Elsevier with the company's stock prices falling due to the boycott.[13] Dennis Snower criticised the monopoly of scientific publishers, but said at the same time that he did not support the boycott even though he himself is the editor-in-chief of an open-access journal on economics. He thinks that more competition among the various journals should instead be encouraged.[14] The Senate of the University of Kansas has been reported to consider joining the boycott of Elsevier.[15]

In 2019, the University of California (UC) system announced that it was cancelling its Elsevier subscriptions, citing costs and lack of open access.[16] Similar steps were taken by other universities, including MIT in 2020,[17] SUNY in 2020,[18] Florida State University in 2018,[19] UNC Chapel Hill in 2020,[20] and Louisiana State University in 2019.[21] In 2021, the UC system negotiated a new 4-year "pilot" agreement with Elsevier that permits UC researchers to publish in Elsevier journals on an open-access basis and restores access to Elsevier journals for UC libraries,[22] following similar open-access agreements with Carnegie Mellon University in 2019 (for 4 years)[23] and the Norwegian university system in 2019 (for 2 years).[24]

In allusion to the revolutions of the Arab Spring, the German Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung daily newspaper called the movement the "Academic Spring" (German: Akademischer Frühling).[25] When the British Wellcome Trust made a commitment to open up science, The Guardian similarly called this the "Academic Spring".[26] After the Wellcome Trust announcement, The Cost of Knowledge campaign was recognized by that newspaper as the start of something new.[27]

Website

 
The commitment which the campaign requests.

A website called "The Cost of Knowledge" appeared, inviting researchers and scholars to declare their commitment to not submit papers to Elsevier journals, not referee articles for Elsevier's journals, and not participate in the editorial boards.

Signatories

On 8 February 2012, 34 prominent mathematicians who had signed The Cost of Knowledge released a joint statement of purpose explaining their reasons for supporting the protest.[28][29] In addition to Timothy Gowers, Ingrid Daubechies,[30] Juan J. Manfredi,[31]Terence Tao,[28] Wendelin Werner,[28]Scott Aaronson, László Lovász, and John Baez are among the signatories. Many signatories are researchers in the fields of mathematics, computer science, and biology.[32] On 1 February 2012, the declaration had a thousand signatories.[33] By November 2018, over 17000 researchers had signed the petition.[34] The success of the petition has been debated.[35]

Reaction from Elsevier

On 27 February 2012, Elsevier issued a statement on its website that declared that it has withdrawn support from the Research Works Act.[36] Although the Cost of Knowledge movement was not mentioned, the statement indicated the hope that the move would "help create a less heated and more productive climate" for ongoing discussions with research funders. Hours after Elsevier's statement, Representatives Darrell Issa and Carolyn Maloney, who were sponsors of the bill, issued a joint statement saying that they would not push the bill in Congress.[37][38] Earlier, Mike Taylor of the University of Bristol accused Issa and Maloney of being motivated by large donations that they received from Elsevier in 2011.[39]

While participants in the boycott celebrated the dropping of support for the Research Works Act, Elsevier denied that their action was a result of the boycott and stated that they took this action at the request of those researchers who did not participate in the boycott.[40]

On the same day, Elsevier released an open letter to the mathematics community, stating that its target is to reduce its prices to $11/article or less.[38] Elsevier also opened the archives of 14 mathematics journals back to 1995 with a four-year moving wall.[38] In late 2012, Elsevier made all of its "primary mathematics" journals open access up to 2008.[41] The boycott remains in effect.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Taylor, Mike (21 February 2012). . Discover. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  2. ^ a b Shapiro, Gary (26 October 2006). "A Rebellion Erupts Over Journals of Academia". The New York Sun. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  3. ^ Whitfield, John (9 February 2012). "Elsevier boycott gathers pace". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10010. S2CID 153496298.
  4. ^ a b c "Scientific publishing: The price of information". The Economist. 4 February 2012. from the original on 17 February 2012.
  5. ^ See Sir William Timothy Gowers (21 January 2012). "Gowers's Weblog / Mathematics related discussions / Elsevier – my part in its downfall /". from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  6. ^ Grant, Bob (7 February 2012). "Occupy Elsevier?". The Scientist. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  7. ^ a b Flood, Alison (2 February 2012). "Scientists sign petition to boycott academic publisher Elsevier". The Guardian. London: GMG. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. from the original on 5 February 2012.
  8. ^ Fischman, Josh (30 January 2012). "Elsevier Publishing Boycott Gathers Steam Among Academics". The Chronicle of Higher Education. from the original on 10 February 2012.
  9. ^ a b "The Cost of Knowledge" (PDF). Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  10. ^ Cook, Garret (12 February 2012). "Why scientists are boycotting a publisher – Opinion – The Boston Globe". bostonglobe.com. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  11. ^ "2010 highlights". reports.reedelsevier.com. 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012. operating margin
  12. ^ Heyman, Tom; Moors, Pieter; Storms, Gert (2016). "On the Cost of Knowledge: Evaluating the Boycott against Elsevier". Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics. 1. doi:10.3389/frma.2016.00007.
  13. ^ Storbeck, Olaf (14 February 2012). "Teure Wissenschaft: Forscher boykottieren Fachverlag". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  14. ^ Storbeck, Olaf (13 February 2012). "Dennis Snower: 'Herausgeber können Gott spielen'". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  15. ^ Hyland, Andy (7 February 2012). "Heard on the Hill: University Senate considering boycotting publisher Elsevier..." Lawrence Journal-World. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  16. ^ Fox, Alex (28 February 2019). "University of California boycotts publishing giant Elsevier over journal costs and open access". ScienceInsider. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  17. ^ "MIT, guided by open access principles, ends Elsevier negotiations" (Press release). MIT News. 11 June 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  18. ^ McKenzie, Lindsay (13 April 2020). "SUNY Cancels Big Deal With Elsevier". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  19. ^ McKenzie, Lindsay (26 April 2018). "Florida State Cancels Bundled Journal Deal With Elsevier". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  20. ^ McKenzie, Lindsay (10 April 2019). "UNC Chapel Hill Cancels Big Deal With Elsevier". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  21. ^ McKenzie, Lindsay (24 May 2019). "Another 'Big Deal' Bites the Dust". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  22. ^ McKenzie, Lindsay (17 May 2021). "Big Deal for Open Access". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  23. ^ McKenzie, Lindsay (22 November 2019). "A New Kind of 'Big Deal' for Elsevier". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  24. ^ McKenzie, Lindsay (24 April 2019). "An Elsevier Pivot to Open Access". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  25. ^ Plickert, Philip; Brainard, Jeffrey (14 February 2012). "Debatte um Wissenschaftsverlag: Akademischer Frühling". Faz.net (in German). Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  26. ^ Jha, Alok (9 April 2012). "Wellcome Trust joins 'academic spring' to open up science". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878.
  27. ^ Naughton, John (21 April 2012). "Academic publishing doesn't add up". The Guardian. London: GMG. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Retrieved 22 April 2012. academic sp
  28. ^ a b c Lin, Thomas (13 February 2012). "Researchers Boycott Elsevier Journal Publisher". The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331.
  29. ^ Tao, Terence (8 February 2012). "A statement on the cost of knowledge declaration « What's new". terrytao.wordpress.com. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  30. ^ Yeager, Ashley (14 February 2012). "Duke Scholars Join Boycott Against Elsevier". today.duke.edu. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  31. ^ Webteam, University of Pittsburgh University Marketing Communications. "University Times » Protest launched against journal publisher". Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  32. ^ Peek, Robin (13 February 2012). "The Cost of Knowledge Versus Elsevier: 5,600 Signatures and Growing". Information Today, Inc. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  33. ^ Slind-Flor, Victoria (28 September 2012). "Bard, Motorola, Medicaid, Bullfrog: Intellectual Property". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  34. ^ "The Cost of Knowledge". Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  35. ^ "Elsevier leads the business the internet could not kill". Financial Times. 15 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  36. ^ "Elsevier Backs Down as Boycott Grows". 27 February 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  37. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  38. ^ a b c Aron, Jacob. "Elsevier vows to keep price of mathematics journals low". New Scientist.
  39. ^ Taylor, Mike (16 January 2012). "Academic publishers have become the enemies of science". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  40. ^ Howard, Jennifer (27 February 2012). "Legislation to Bar Public-Access Requirement on Federal Research Is Dead". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  41. ^ "Free access to archived articles of primary mathematics journals". Retrieved 23 February 2015.

External links

  • Official website
  • Gowers, Timothy (21 January 2012). "Elsevier – my part in its downfall". Gowers's Weblog. WordPress.com. – The blog post associated with the start of the campaign
  • Elsevier's open letter response
  • collection of media coverage of The Cost of Knowledge

December 31, 2022
cost, knowledge, protest, academics, against, business, practices, academic, journal, publisher, elsevier, among, reasons, protests, were, call, lower, prices, journals, promote, increased, open, access, information, main, work, project, researchers, sign, sta. The Cost of Knowledge is a protest by academics against the business practices of academic journal publisher Elsevier Among the reasons for the protests were a call for lower prices for journals and to promote increased open access to information The main work of the project was to ask researchers to sign a statement committing not to support Elsevier journals by publishing performing peer review or providing editorial services for these journals Logo of the campaign Contents 1 History 1 1 Resignations of Editorial Boards 1 2 A change from status quo 1 3 Impact and reception 2 Website 3 Signatories 4 Reaction from Elsevier 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditBefore the advent of the Internet it was difficult for scholars to distribute articles giving their research results 1 Historically publishers performed services including proofreading typesetting copyediting printing and worldwide distribution 1 In modern times all researchers became expected to give the publishers digital copies of their work which needed no further processing in other words the modern academic is expected to do often for free duties traditionally assigned to the publisher and for which traditionally the publisher is paid in exchange 1 For digital distribution printing was unnecessary copying was free and worldwide distribution happens online instantly 1 Internet technology and with it the aforementioned significant decrease in overhead costs enabled the four major scientific publishers Elsevier Springer Wiley and Informa to cut their expenditures such that they could consistently generate gross margins on revenue of over 33 1 Resignations of Editorial Boards Edit Main article Topology journal Pricing dispute In 2006 the nine editorial board members of Oxford University s Elsevier published mathematics journal Topology resigned because they agreed among themselves that Elsevier s publishing policies had a significant and damaging effect on Topology s reputation in the mathematical research community 2 An Elsevier spokesperson disputed this saying that this still constitutes a pretty rare occurrence and that the journal is actually available today to more people than ever before 2 Journalists recognize this event as part of the precedent to The Cost of Knowledge campaign 3 4 In 2008 the Journal of Topology started independently of Elsevier and Topology ended publication in 2009 Similarly in 2015 the entire editorial board of the Elsevier journal Lingua resigned and started a new open access journal called Glossa 1 Nevertheless Lingua continues to exist in 2021 2 albeit with a lower impact factor A change from status quo Edit On 21 January 2012 the mathematician Timothy Gowers called for a boycott of Elsevier with a post 5 on his personal blog This blog post attracted enough attention that other media sources commented on it as being part of the start of a movement 6 The three reasons he cited for the boycott are high subscription prices for individual journals bundling subscriptions to journals of different value and importance and Elsevier s support for SOPA the PROTECT IP Act and the Research Works Act 4 7 8 The Statement of Purpose on the Cost of Knowledge website explains that Elsevier was chosen as an initial focus for discontent due to a widespread feeling among mathematicians that they are the worst offender 9 The statement further mentions scandals lawsuits lobbying etc as reasons for focusing on Elsevier 9 Elsevier disputed the claims arguing that their prices are below the industry average and stating that bundling is only one of several different options available to buy access to Elsevier journals 7 The company also claimed that its considerable profit margins are simply a consequence of the firm s efficient operation 4 Critics of Elsevier claim that in 2010 36 of Elsevier s reported revenues of US 3 2 billion was profit 10 Elsevier claimed to have an operating margin of 25 7 in 2010 11 Impact and reception Edit A 2016 study evaluating the boycott has questioned its impact stating that in the past four years 38 of signatories had abandoned their won t publish in an Elsevier outlet commitment and that only around 5000 researchers were still clearly boycotting Elsevier by publishing elsewhere It concludes Few researchers have signed the petition in recent years thus giving the impression the boycott has run its course 12 In February 2012 analysts of the Exane Paribas bank reported a financial impact on Elsevier with the company s stock prices falling due to the boycott 13 Dennis Snower criticised the monopoly of scientific publishers but said at the same time that he did not support the boycott even though he himself is the editor in chief of an open access journal on economics He thinks that more competition among the various journals should instead be encouraged 14 The Senate of the University of Kansas has been reported to consider joining the boycott of Elsevier 15 In 2019 the University of California UC system announced that it was cancelling its Elsevier subscriptions citing costs and lack of open access 16 Similar steps were taken by other universities including MIT in 2020 17 SUNY in 2020 18 Florida State University in 2018 19 UNC Chapel Hill in 2020 20 and Louisiana State University in 2019 21 In 2021 the UC system negotiated a new 4 year pilot agreement with Elsevier that permits UC researchers to publish in Elsevier journals on an open access basis and restores access to Elsevier journals for UC libraries 22 following similar open access agreements with Carnegie Mellon University in 2019 for 4 years 23 and the Norwegian university system in 2019 for 2 years 24 In allusion to the revolutions of the Arab Spring the German Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung daily newspaper called the movement the Academic Spring German Akademischer Fruhling 25 When the British Wellcome Trust made a commitment to open up science The Guardian similarly called this the Academic Spring 26 After the Wellcome Trust announcement The Cost of Knowledge campaign was recognized by that newspaper as the start of something new 27 Website Edit The commitment which the campaign requests A website called The Cost of Knowledge appeared inviting researchers and scholars to declare their commitment to not submit papers to Elsevier journals not referee articles for Elsevier s journals and not participate in the editorial boards Signatories EditOn 8 February 2012 34 prominent mathematicians who had signed The Cost of Knowledge released a joint statement of purpose explaining their reasons for supporting the protest 28 29 In addition to Timothy Gowers Ingrid Daubechies 30 Juan J Manfredi 31 Terence Tao 28 Wendelin Werner 28 Scott Aaronson Laszlo Lovasz and John Baez are among the signatories Many signatories are researchers in the fields of mathematics computer science and biology 32 On 1 February 2012 the declaration had a thousand signatories 33 By November 2018 over 17000 researchers had signed the petition 34 The success of the petition has been debated 35 Reaction from Elsevier EditOn 27 February 2012 Elsevier issued a statement on its website that declared that it has withdrawn support from the Research Works Act 36 Although the Cost of Knowledge movement was not mentioned the statement indicated the hope that the move would help create a less heated and more productive climate for ongoing discussions with research funders Hours after Elsevier s statement Representatives Darrell Issa and Carolyn Maloney who were sponsors of the bill issued a joint statement saying that they would not push the bill in Congress 37 38 Earlier Mike Taylor of the University of Bristol accused Issa and Maloney of being motivated by large donations that they received from Elsevier in 2011 39 While participants in the boycott celebrated the dropping of support for the Research Works Act Elsevier denied that their action was a result of the boycott and stated that they took this action at the request of those researchers who did not participate in the boycott 40 On the same day Elsevier released an open letter to the mathematics community stating that its target is to reduce its prices to 11 article or less 38 Elsevier also opened the archives of 14 mathematics journals back to 1995 with a four year moving wall 38 In late 2012 Elsevier made all of its primary mathematics journals open access up to 2008 41 The boycott remains in effect citation needed See also EditSerials crisisReferences Edit a b c d e Taylor Mike 21 February 2012 It s Not Academic How Publishers Are Squelching Science Communication Discover Archived from the original on 12 November 2019 Retrieved 22 February 2012 a b Shapiro Gary 26 October 2006 A Rebellion Erupts Over Journals of Academia The New York Sun Retrieved 25 February 2012 Whitfield John 9 February 2012 Elsevier boycott gathers pace Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2012 10010 S2CID 153496298 a b c Scientific publishing The price of information The Economist 4 February 2012 Archived from the original on 17 February 2012 See Sir William Timothy Gowers 21 January 2012 Gowers s Weblog Mathematics related discussions Elsevier my part in its downfall Archived from the original on 8 September 2015 Retrieved 6 October 2015 Grant Bob 7 February 2012 Occupy Elsevier The Scientist Retrieved 12 February 2012 a b Flood Alison 2 February 2012 Scientists sign petition to boycott academic publisher Elsevier The Guardian London GMG ISSN 0261 3077 OCLC 60623878 Archived from the original on 5 February 2012 Fischman Josh 30 January 2012 Elsevier Publishing Boycott Gathers Steam Among Academics The Chronicle of Higher Education Archived from the original on 10 February 2012 a b The Cost of Knowledge PDF Retrieved 7 November 2017 Cook Garret 12 February 2012 Why scientists are boycotting a publisher Opinion The Boston Globe bostonglobe com Retrieved 12 February 2012 2010 highlights reports reedelsevier com 2012 Retrieved 17 February 2012 operating margin Heyman Tom Moors Pieter Storms Gert 2016 On the Cost of Knowledge Evaluating the Boycott against Elsevier Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics 1 doi 10 3389 frma 2016 00007 Storbeck Olaf 14 February 2012 Teure Wissenschaft Forscher boykottieren Fachverlag Handelsblatt in German Retrieved 16 February 2012 Storbeck Olaf 13 February 2012 Dennis Snower Herausgeber konnen Gott spielen Handelsblatt in German Retrieved 16 February 2012 Hyland Andy 7 February 2012 Heard on the Hill University Senate considering boycotting publisher Elsevier Lawrence Journal World Retrieved 16 February 2012 Fox Alex 28 February 2019 University of California boycotts publishing giant Elsevier over journal costs and open access ScienceInsider Retrieved 20 September 2021 MIT guided by open access principles ends Elsevier negotiations Press release MIT News 11 June 2020 Retrieved 20 September 2021 McKenzie Lindsay 13 April 2020 SUNY Cancels Big Deal With Elsevier Inside Higher Ed Retrieved 20 September 2021 McKenzie Lindsay 26 April 2018 Florida State Cancels Bundled Journal Deal With Elsevier Inside Higher Ed Retrieved 20 September 2021 McKenzie Lindsay 10 April 2019 UNC Chapel Hill Cancels Big Deal With Elsevier Inside Higher Ed Retrieved 20 September 2021 McKenzie Lindsay 24 May 2019 Another Big Deal Bites the Dust Inside Higher Ed Retrieved 20 September 2021 McKenzie Lindsay 17 May 2021 Big Deal for Open Access Inside Higher Ed Retrieved 20 September 2021 McKenzie Lindsay 22 November 2019 A New Kind of Big Deal for Elsevier Inside Higher Ed Retrieved 20 September 2021 McKenzie Lindsay 24 April 2019 An Elsevier Pivot to Open Access Inside Higher Ed Retrieved 20 September 2021 Plickert Philip Brainard Jeffrey 14 February 2012 Debatte um Wissenschaftsverlag Akademischer Fruhling Faz net in German Retrieved 16 February 2012 Jha Alok 9 April 2012 Wellcome Trust joins academic spring to open up science The Guardian London ISSN 0261 3077 OCLC 60623878 Naughton John 21 April 2012 Academic publishing doesn t add up The Guardian London GMG ISSN 0261 3077 OCLC 60623878 Retrieved 22 April 2012 academic sp a b c Lin Thomas 13 February 2012 Researchers Boycott Elsevier Journal Publisher The New York Times New York ISSN 0362 4331 Tao Terence 8 February 2012 A statement on the cost of knowledge declaration What s new terrytao wordpress com Retrieved 15 February 2012 Yeager Ashley 14 February 2012 Duke Scholars Join Boycott Against Elsevier today duke edu Retrieved 15 February 2012 Webteam University of Pittsburgh University Marketing Communications University Times Protest launched against journal publisher Retrieved 7 September 2020 Peek Robin 13 February 2012 The Cost of Knowledge Versus Elsevier 5 600 Signatures and Growing Information Today Inc Retrieved 13 February 2012 Slind Flor Victoria 28 September 2012 Bard Motorola Medicaid Bullfrog Intellectual Property bloomberg com Retrieved 13 February 2012 The Cost of Knowledge Retrieved 25 November 2016 Elsevier leads the business the internet could not kill Financial Times 15 November 2015 Retrieved 25 November 2015 Elsevier Backs Down as Boycott Grows 27 February 2012 Retrieved 29 February 2012 Sponsors and Supporters Back Away from Research Works Act Archived from the original on 2 July 2012 Retrieved 29 February 2012 a b c Aron Jacob Elsevier vows to keep price of mathematics journals low New Scientist Taylor Mike 16 January 2012 Academic publishers have become the enemies of science The Guardian London Retrieved 29 February 2012 Howard Jennifer 27 February 2012 Legislation to Bar Public Access Requirement on Federal Research Is Dead The Chronicle of Higher Education Retrieved 28 February 2012 Free access to archived articles of primary mathematics journals Retrieved 23 February 2015 External links EditOfficial website Gowers Timothy 21 January 2012 Elsevier my part in its downfall Gowers s Weblog WordPress com The blog post associated with the start of the campaign Elsevier s open letter response collection of media coverage of The Cost of Knowledge Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Cost of Knowledge amp oldid 1124197238, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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