This article includes information on terrorist acts and groups in or against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–45) and Federal Yugoslavia (1945–92). Many of the terrorist acts were carried out outside Yugoslavia against Yugoslav subjects.[1] The post-war period until circa 1985 was marked by frequent terrorist attacks on Yugoslav institutions organized by extremist emigrant organizations.[2] Between 1962 and 1982, they carried out 128 terrorist attacks against Yugoslav civilian and military targets.[3]
Ustaše terrorism continued over the years after Ante Pavelić's death. The Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) conducted several assassinations and attacks on Yugoslav diplomacy and JAT representations in Australia.[4] Between 1962 and 1982, Croatian nationalists carried out 128 terror attacks against Yugoslav civilian and military targets.[5] Croat fascist and HSO member Miljenko Hrkać carried out the bombing of a Belgrade cinema in September 1968, leaving one dead and 85 wounded.[6] In 1969, two Yugoslav diplomats in Western Germany were shot and wounded by Ustaše assassins.[6] In 1970, Yugoslav secretary Vladimir Rolović handed over information on Ustaše and their involvement in terrorist actions to the Australian government (which had tolerated and even trained the Ustaše).[7] The following year, two Ustaše youngsters murdered Rolović while he was the ambassador to Sweden.[7] In January 1972 a JAT plane was bombed allegedly by Croatian ultranationalist agents,[7] killing everyone on board except for one survivor, Vesna Vulović. The crackdown on the Croatian leadership led to heightened anti-Yugoslav activity by Croat emigrant groups. On 29 March 1972 a Yugoslav tourist office was bombed in Stockholm.[8] The last members of the Bugojno group were captured, tried and sentenced on 21 December 1972.
Chetnik terrorismedit
In 1975, Nikola Kavaja, a diaspora Chetnik-sympathizer living in Chicago and belonging to the Serbian National Defense Council (SNDC), was responsible for the bombing of a Yugoslav consul's home, the first in a series of attacks targeting the Yugoslav state in the United States and Canada. He and his co-conspirators were captured in a sting set up by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and convicted for terrorism for the incident and for planning to bomb two Yugoslav receptions on Yugoslavia's National Day. Later that year, during his flight to receive his sentence, he hijacked the American Airlines Flight 293 with the intention of crashing the plane into Tito's Belgrade headquarters, but was dissuaded; he ultimately received a 67-year prison sentence.[9]
Belgrade cinema bombing, 13 July 1968, at 21.05 CET, a bomb detonated in the Belgrade cinema "20. oktobar". One person was killed and 85 injured, some seriously. The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row, during the movie Risifi u Panami, allegedly by HOP and HRB member Miljenko Hrkać.
Hijacking of TWA Flight 355, September 10 1976, by Croatian nationalists.
New York–Chicago plane hijack, 1979, Boeing 727 with 137 passengers hijacked by Serb emigrant and anti-communist (Chetnik) Nikola Kavaja. Arrested and sentenced to 20 years.
^"Conflict in Post-War Yugoslavia: The Search for a Narrative". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
^Denich, Bette (1994). "Dismembering Yugoslavia: Nationalist Ideologies and the Symbolic Revival of Genocide". American Ethnologist. 21 (2): 367–390. doi:10.1525/ae.1994.21.2.02a00080. ISSN 0094-0496. JSTOR 645894.
^Breaking the Conflict Trap (1st ed.). Massachusetts: World Bank Policy Research Report. 2003. p. 242. ISBN0-8213-5481-7. (HTML) from the original on June 17, 2022.
^Morawski, Konrad. "The assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia in the light of archival press articles" (PDF). RCIN. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
Sourcesedit
Bieber, Florian (2003). "Approaches to political violence and terrorism in former Yugoslavia". Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans. 5 (1): 39–51. doi:10.1080/1461319032000062642. S2CID 149208701.
Brown, Gregory Scott (2004). "Coping with long-distance nationalism: Inter-ethnic conflict in a diaspora context" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Clissold, Stephen (1979). Croat Separatism: Nationalism, Dissidence, and Terrorism. Institute for the Study of Conflict.
Cvetković, Srđan (2014). "Terorizam i jugoslovenska politička emigracija". Istorija 20. Veka. 2 (2/2014): 171–197. doi:10.29362/ist20veka.2014.2.cve.171-198.
Čubrić, Milan (1990). Između noža i križa. Književne novine. ISBN9788639101916.
Hockenos, Paul (2003). Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars. Cornell University Press. pp. 62–. ISBN0-8014-4158-7.
Johnstone, Diana (2002). Fools' Crusade: Yugoslavia, Nato, and Western Delusions. NYU Press. ISBN978-1-58367-084-2.
Pluchinsky, Dennis (2010). "Ethnic Terrorism: Themes and Variations". In Tan, Andrew T.H. (ed.). Politics of Terrorism: A Survey. London: Routledge. ISBN978-1-13683-336-6.
Sadkovich, James J. (1988). "Terrorism in Croatia, 1929-1934". East European Quarterly. 22 (1): 55–.
West, Richard (2012). Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia. Faber & Faber. ISBN978-0-571-28110-7.
Further readingedit
Tokić, Mate Nikola (2020). Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War. Purdue University Press. ISBN9781557538925.
External linksedit
"The 7 largest terrorist attacks in the history of Yugoslavia" (in Bosnian).
"Nothing has changed" (in Bosnian).
January 01, 1970
terrorism, yugoslavia, this, article, includes, information, terrorist, acts, groups, against, kingdom, yugoslavia, 1918, federal, yugoslavia, 1945, many, terrorist, acts, were, carried, outside, yugoslavia, against, yugoslav, subjects, post, period, until, ci. This article includes information on terrorist acts and groups in or against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918 45 and Federal Yugoslavia 1945 92 Many of the terrorist acts were carried out outside Yugoslavia against Yugoslav subjects 1 The post war period until circa 1985 was marked by frequent terrorist attacks on Yugoslav institutions organized by extremist emigrant organizations 2 Between 1962 and 1982 they carried out 128 terrorist attacks against Yugoslav civilian and military targets 3 Contents 1 Socialist Yugoslavia 1 1 Ustase terrorism 1 2 Chetnik terrorism 2 Events 2 1 Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918 41 2 2 Federal Yugoslavia 1945 92 3 Groups 4 Notable people 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further reading 9 External linksSocialist Yugoslavia editUstase terrorism edit Ustase terrorism continued over the years after Ante Pavelic s death The Croatian Liberation Movement HOP conducted several assassinations and attacks on Yugoslav diplomacy and JAT representations in Australia 4 Between 1962 and 1982 Croatian nationalists carried out 128 terror attacks against Yugoslav civilian and military targets 5 Croat fascist and HSO member Miljenko Hrkac carried out the bombing of a Belgrade cinema in September 1968 leaving one dead and 85 wounded 6 In 1969 two Yugoslav diplomats in Western Germany were shot and wounded by Ustase assassins 6 In 1970 Yugoslav secretary Vladimir Rolovic handed over information on Ustase and their involvement in terrorist actions to the Australian government which had tolerated and even trained the Ustase 7 The following year two Ustase youngsters murdered Rolovic while he was the ambassador to Sweden 7 In January 1972 a JAT plane was bombed allegedly by Croatian ultranationalist agents 7 killing everyone on board except for one survivor Vesna Vulovic The crackdown on the Croatian leadership led to heightened anti Yugoslav activity by Croat emigrant groups On 29 March 1972 a Yugoslav tourist office was bombed in Stockholm 8 The last members of the Bugojno group were captured tried and sentenced on 21 December 1972 Chetnik terrorism edit In 1975 Nikola Kavaja a diaspora Chetnik sympathizer living in Chicago and belonging to the Serbian National Defense Council SNDC was responsible for the bombing of a Yugoslav consul s home the first in a series of attacks targeting the Yugoslav state in the United States and Canada He and his co conspirators were captured in a sting set up by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and convicted for terrorism for the incident and for planning to bomb two Yugoslav receptions on Yugoslavia s National Day Later that year during his flight to receive his sentence he hijacked the American Airlines Flight 293 with the intention of crashing the plane into Tito s Belgrade headquarters but was dissuaded he ultimately received a 67 year prison sentence 9 Events editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Terrorism in Yugoslavia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918 41 edit Assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia 9 October 1934 by IMRO assassin organized with Ustase help 10 Federal Yugoslavia 1945 92 edit Plot to assassinate Josip Broz Tito 1967 by HRB Belgrade cinema bombing 13 July 1968 at 21 05 CET a bomb detonated in the Belgrade cinema 20 oktobar One person was killed and 85 injured some seriously The bomb was placed under the sixth seat of the 16th row during the movie Risifi u Panami allegedly by HOP and HRB member Miljenko Hrkac Murder of Yugoslav secretary Vladimir Rolovic by members of the Croatian National Resistance terrorist organization JAT Flight 367 26 January 1972 bomb exploded during flight 27 out of 28 dead Vesna Vulovic survived allegedly by Croatian nationalists Bugojno group attacks 20 June 24 July 1972 by HRB Hijacking of Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130 15 16 September 1972 by HNO Hijacking of TWA Flight 355 September 10 1976 by Croatian nationalists New York Chicago plane hijack 1979 Boeing 727 with 137 passengers hijacked by Serb emigrant and anti communist Chetnik Nikola Kavaja Arrested and sentenced to 20 years Groups editInternal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation IMRO est 1920 Macedonian Bulgarian Crusaders est 1945 neo Ustase terrorist group Croatian Liberation Movement HOP est 1956 Croatian right wing ultranationalist group Croatian National Resistance HNO est 1957 Croatian right wing ultranationalist group Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood HRB est 1961 Croatian right wing ultranationalist group Bugojno group est 1972 by HRBNotable people editMiljenko Hrkac HOP Miro Baresic HNOSee also editTerrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina Terrorism in Croatia Terrorism in Kosovo Terrorism in Serbia Terrorism in SloveniaReferences edit Conflict in Post War Yugoslavia The Search for a Narrative The National WWII Museum New Orleans Retrieved 2022 06 17 Denich Bette 1994 Dismembering Yugoslavia Nationalist Ideologies and the Symbolic Revival of Genocide American Ethnologist 21 2 367 390 doi 10 1525 ae 1994 21 2 02a00080 ISSN 0094 0496 JSTOR 645894 Breaking the Conflict Trap 1st ed Massachusetts World Bank Policy Research Report 2003 p 242 ISBN 0 8213 5481 7 Archived HTML from the original on June 17 2022 Johnstone 2002 p 152 Pluchinsky 2010 p 49 a b Cubric 1990 p 13 a b c West 2012 p 179 Central Intelligence Bulletin Central Intelligence Agency 30 March 1972 Hockenos 2003 pp 116 19 Morawski Konrad The assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia in the light of archival press articles PDF RCIN Retrieved 2023 01 19 Sources editBieber Florian 2003 Approaches to political violence and terrorism in former Yugoslavia Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 5 1 39 51 doi 10 1080 1461319032000062642 S2CID 149208701 Brown Gregory Scott 2004 Coping with long distance nationalism Inter ethnic conflict in a diaspora context PDF a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Clissold Stephen 1979 Croat Separatism Nationalism Dissidence and Terrorism Institute for the Study of Conflict Cvetkovic Srđan 2014 Terorizam i jugoslovenska politicka emigracija Istorija 20 Veka 2 2 2014 171 197 doi 10 29362 ist20veka 2014 2 cve 171 198 Cubric Milan 1990 Između noza i kriza Knjizevne novine ISBN 9788639101916 Hockenos Paul 2003 Homeland Calling Exile Patriotism amp the Balkan Wars Cornell University Press pp 62 ISBN 0 8014 4158 7 Johnstone Diana 2002 Fools Crusade Yugoslavia Nato and Western Delusions NYU Press ISBN 978 1 58367 084 2 Pluchinsky Dennis 2010 Ethnic Terrorism Themes and Variations In Tan Andrew T H ed Politics of Terrorism A Survey London Routledge ISBN 978 1 13683 336 6 Sadkovich James J 1988 Terrorism in Croatia 1929 1934 East European Quarterly 22 1 55 West Richard 2012 Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia Faber amp Faber ISBN 978 0 571 28110 7 Further reading editTokic Mate Nikola 2020 Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War Purdue University Press ISBN 9781557538925 External links edit The 7 largest terrorist attacks in the history of Yugoslavia in Bosnian Nothing has changed in Bosnian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Terrorism in Yugoslavia amp oldid 1216104942, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
