Terapon jarbua, the jarbua terapon, crescent grunter, crescent banded grunter, crescent perch, spiky trumpeter, thornfish or tiger perch, is a species of ray-finned fish, a grunter of the familyTerapontidae. It occurs in the Indo-Pacific. it is an important commercial species within its range and is sometimes found in the aquarium trade where it is known as "target fish" for the pattern visible from above.
Terapon jarbua is a medium-sized grunter with an oblong body which is moderately laterally compressed. The oblique mouth is oblique with the jaws being of equal length and the maxilla reached the level of the front edge of the eye in juveniles and the centre of the eye in adults. It has conical, slightly recurved teeth which are set in bands with those in the outer rows being much enlarged, there are teeth on the roof of the mouth in juveniles but in many adults these are absent. There are 11 or 12 spines in the dorsal fin and 9 to 11 rays, the spiny portion is strongly arched, with the fourth to sixth spines being the longest and has a deep notch. The anal fin has 3 spines and 7 to 10 soft rays while the caudal fin is emarginate. They have 75-100 pored scales in their lateral line.[5] They have a silvery white body which has 3 or 4 curved stripes from the nape to the rear of the body with the lowest stripe continues through the centre of the caudal fin. There is a black blotch on the spiny part of the dorsal fin between the third and sixth spines and the tail is striped with a black tip to each lobe. This species sexual maturity after attaining a total length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in), they are most commonly recorded at total lengths of around 25 centimetres (9.8 in) and the longest recorded fish was 36 centimetres (14 in).[4]
Distributionedit
Terapon jarbua has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution which extends from the Red Sea and the coasts of eastern Africa as far south as South Africa through the Indian Ocean, including the Persian Gulf and into the Pacific Ocean as far east as Samoa, its range extends northwards to Japan and south to the Arafura Sea and Lord Howe Island.[1] A single specimen was reported in 2010 from the eastern Mediterranean Sea,[6] a likely entry from the Suez Canal.[7]
Habitat and biologyedit
Terapon jarbua is a euryhaline grunter which can tolerate a wide range of salinities from pure freshwater to up to 70% and so can live in a variety of habitats from purely marine areas through coastal waters, into estuaries, coastal lagoons and freshwater. It is mainly a marine species but it may move quite far up rivers where the water is fresh.[8] Juveniles of T. jarbua can be numerous in intertidal area where there are sandy and are frequently recorded in tidal pools.[4] This is a predatory species which feeds on smaller fishes but which also acts as a cleaner fish eating ectoparasites from larger fishes and is known to eat their scales which are high in calories. The distinctive colour and small scales of T, jarbua may be an adaptation to avoid attack by its conspecifics.[9] They will also feed on insects and other invertebrates.[10] The juveniles have been reported as being territorial and to have excavated craters in sand, possibly helping them to keep their position as the tide ebbs and flows. The young fish between standard lengths between 2 and 5 centimetres (0.79 and 1.97 in) are gregarious but become territorial between 9 and 15 centimetres (3.5 and 5.9 in). They can produce sounds using extrinsic muscles on the swimbladder have been shown to be used for communication and that these sounds to change both as the fish mature and with changes to the fish's environment, Although these fish have been reported as juveniles and adults in freshwater, reproduction takes place in the marine environment.[11]
Fisheriesedit
Terapon jarbua is fished for using all types of inshore fishing gear, including gillnets, traps, handlines and bottom trawls.[12] These fish are sold fresh or in a dried and salted form.[5] This species is infrequently available in the aquarium trade.[13]
Taxonomyedit
Terapon jarbua was first formally described using the Arabic name Djarbua in a draft by Peter Forsskål. The description could have been by either Forsskål or by Carsten Niebuhr but it was compiled by the DanishnaturalistJohan Christian Fabricius (1745-1808). The specimen came from the type locality given as Jeddah. It was used in the combination Sciaena jarbua in Descriptiones animalium and according to the authorship rules, should correctly be stated as Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr, 1775.[3] The genusTerapon was created by Georges Cuvier in 1816 and in 1876 Pieter Bleeker then designated Holocentrus servus which had been described by Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1790 as the type species of the genus, this was considered to be a junior synonym of Terapon jarbua.[14] Some authorities consider that the taxon currently named Terapon jarbua which has a wide geographic range is actually likely to be more than one species.[7] One possible split would be between the western Indian Ocean species as originally described by Fabricius and the species Bloch described from Japan which would be Terapon servus.[11]
Referencesedit
^ abDahanukar, N.; Kaymaram, F.; Alnazry, H.; Al-Husaini, M.; Almukhtar, M.; Hartmann, S.; Alam, S.; Sparks, J.S. (2017). "Terapon jarbua". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T166892A46643542. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T166892A46643542.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Fricke, Ronald (2008). "Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces)" (PDF). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 1–76.
^ abDaniel Golani & Brenda Applebaum-Golani (2010). "First record of the Indo-Pacific fish the Jarbua terapon ( Terapon jarbua ) (Osteichthyes: Terapontidae) in the Mediterranean with remarks on the wide geographical distribution of this species". Scientia Marina. 74 (4): 717–720. doi:10.3989/scimar.2010.74n4717.
^Sandipan Gupta & Samir Benerjee (2016). "A Short Review on the Biology of Tiger Perch, Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)". International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture. 6: 79–83.
^A. K. Whitfield; S. J. M. Blaber (1978). "Scale‐eating habits of the marine teleost Terapon jarbua (Forskål)". Journal of Fish Biology. 12 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04151.x.
^Dianne J. Bray. "Terapon jarbua". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ abRichard P. Vari (1978). "The terapon perches (Percoidei, Teraponidae). A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. . 159 (art. 5): 175–340. hdl:2246/1273.
^Gabriella Bianchi (1985). "Field Guide Commercial Marine and Brackish Water Species of Pakistan" (PDF). FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes. FAO. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^Frank Schafer (8 April 2020). "Terapon jabua". Aquarium Glaser GmbH. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
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March 16, 2024
terapon, jarbua, jarbua, terapon, crescent, grunter, crescent, banded, grunter, crescent, perch, spiky, trumpeter, thornfish, tiger, perch, species, finned, fish, grunter, family, terapontidae, occurs, indo, pacific, important, commercial, species, within, ran. Terapon jarbua the jarbua terapon crescent grunter crescent banded grunter crescent perch spiky trumpeter thornfish or tiger perch is a species of ray finned fish a grunter of the family Terapontidae It occurs in the Indo Pacific it is an important commercial species within its range and is sometimes found in the aquarium trade where it is known as target fish for the pattern visible from above Terapon jarbuaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder PerciformesFamily TerapontidaeGenus TeraponSpecies T jarbuaBinomial nameTerapon jarbua Fabricius ex Forsskal in Niebuhr 1775 2 Synonyms 4 Terapon timorensis Quoy amp Gaimard 1824 Sciaena jarbua Fabricius 1775 Holocentrus jarbua Fabricius 1775 3 Holocentrus servus Bloch 1790 Grammistes servus Bloch 1790 Terapon servus Bloch 1790 Therapon servus Bloch 1790 Coius trivittatus Hamilton 1822 Pterapon trivittatus Gray 1846 Therapon farna Bleeker 1879 Stereolepis inoko Schmidt 1931 Terapon jarbua showing distinctive concentric pattern from above CairnsTerapon jarbua PhilippinesContents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Habitat and biology 4 Fisheries 5 Taxonomy 6 References 7 External linksDescription editTerapon jarbua is a medium sized grunter with an oblong body which is moderately laterally compressed The oblique mouth is oblique with the jaws being of equal length and the maxilla reached the level of the front edge of the eye in juveniles and the centre of the eye in adults It has conical slightly recurved teeth which are set in bands with those in the outer rows being much enlarged there are teeth on the roof of the mouth in juveniles but in many adults these are absent There are 11 or 12 spines in the dorsal fin and 9 to 11 rays the spiny portion is strongly arched with the fourth to sixth spines being the longest and has a deep notch The anal fin has 3 spines and 7 to 10 soft rays while the caudal fin is emarginate They have 75 100 pored scales in their lateral line 5 They have a silvery white body which has 3 or 4 curved stripes from the nape to the rear of the body with the lowest stripe continues through the centre of the caudal fin There is a black blotch on the spiny part of the dorsal fin between the third and sixth spines and the tail is striped with a black tip to each lobe This species sexual maturity after attaining a total length of 13 centimetres 5 1 in they are most commonly recorded at total lengths of around 25 centimetres 9 8 in and the longest recorded fish was 36 centimetres 14 in 4 Distribution edit nbsp Terapon jarbua has a wide Indo Pacific distribution which extends from the Red Sea and the coasts of eastern Africa as far south as South Africa through the Indian Ocean including the Persian Gulf and into the Pacific Ocean as far east as Samoa its range extends northwards to Japan and south to the Arafura Sea and Lord Howe Island 1 A single specimen was reported in 2010 from the eastern Mediterranean Sea 6 a likely entry from the Suez Canal 7 Habitat and biology editTerapon jarbua is a euryhaline grunter which can tolerate a wide range of salinities from pure freshwater to up to 70 and so can live in a variety of habitats from purely marine areas through coastal waters into estuaries coastal lagoons and freshwater It is mainly a marine species but it may move quite far up rivers where the water is fresh 8 Juveniles of T jarbua can be numerous in intertidal area where there are sandy and are frequently recorded in tidal pools 4 This is a predatory species which feeds on smaller fishes but which also acts as a cleaner fish eating ectoparasites from larger fishes and is known to eat their scales which are high in calories The distinctive colour and small scales of T jarbua may be an adaptation to avoid attack by its conspecifics 9 They will also feed on insects and other invertebrates 10 The juveniles have been reported as being territorial and to have excavated craters in sand possibly helping them to keep their position as the tide ebbs and flows The young fish between standard lengths between 2 and 5 centimetres 0 79 and 1 97 in are gregarious but become territorial between 9 and 15 centimetres 3 5 and 5 9 in They can produce sounds using extrinsic muscles on the swimbladder have been shown to be used for communication and that these sounds to change both as the fish mature and with changes to the fish s environment Although these fish have been reported as juveniles and adults in freshwater reproduction takes place in the marine environment 11 Fisheries editTerapon jarbua is fished for using all types of inshore fishing gear including gillnets traps handlines and bottom trawls 12 These fish are sold fresh or in a dried and salted form 5 This species is infrequently available in the aquarium trade 13 Taxonomy editTerapon jarbua was first formally described using the Arabic name Djarbua in a draft by Peter Forsskal The description could have been by either Forsskal or by Carsten Niebuhr but it was compiled by the Danish naturalist Johan Christian Fabricius 1745 1808 The specimen came from the type locality given as Jeddah It was used in the combination Sciaena jarbua in Descriptiones animalium and according to the authorship rules should correctly be stated as Fabricius ex Forsskal in Niebuhr 1775 3 The genus Terapon was created by Georges Cuvier in 1816 and in 1876 Pieter Bleeker then designated Holocentrus servus which had been described by Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1790 as the type species of the genus this was considered to be a junior synonym of Terapon jarbua 14 Some authorities consider that the taxon currently named Terapon jarbua which has a wide geographic range is actually likely to be more than one species 7 One possible split would be between the western Indian Ocean species as originally described by Fabricius and the species Bloch described from Japan which would be Terapon servus 11 References edit a b Dahanukar N Kaymaram F Alnazry H Al Husaini M Almukhtar M Hartmann S Alam S Sparks J S 2017 Terapon jarbua IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T166892A46643542 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T166892A46643542 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Fricke Ronald 2008 Authorship availability and validity of fish names described by Peter Pehr Simon Forsskal and Johann Christian Fabricius in the Descriptiones animalium by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 Pisces PDF Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A Neue Serie 1 1 76 a b Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Sciaena jarbus Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 11 May 2020 a b c Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2019 Terapon jarbua in FishBase December 2019 version a b R P Vari Terapontidae PDF FAO Retrieved 2 May 2020 Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea Terapon jarbua 2nd Edition 2021 366p CIESM Publishers Paris Monaco https ciesm org atlas fishes 2nd edition Terapon jarbua pdf a b Daniel Golani amp Brenda Applebaum Golani 2010 First record of the Indo Pacific fish the Jarbua terapon Terapon jarbua Osteichthyes Terapontidae in the Mediterranean with remarks on the wide geographical distribution of this species Scientia Marina 74 4 717 720 doi 10 3989 scimar 2010 74n4717 Sandipan Gupta amp Samir Benerjee 2016 A Short Review on the Biology of Tiger Perch Terapon jarbua Forsskal 1775 International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture 6 79 83 A K Whitfield S J M Blaber 1978 Scale eating habits of the marine teleost Terapon jarbua Forskal Journal of Fish Biology 12 1 61 70 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1978 tb04151 x Dianne J Bray Terapon jarbua Fishes of Australia Museums Victoria Retrieved 11 May 2020 a b Richard P Vari 1978 The terapon perches Percoidei Teraponidae A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159 art 5 175 340 hdl 2246 1273 Gabriella Bianchi 1985 Field Guide Commercial Marine and Brackish Water Species of Pakistan PDF FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes FAO Retrieved 11 May 2020 Frank Schafer 8 April 2020 Terapon jabua Aquarium Glaser GmbH Retrieved 11 May 2020 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Terapon Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 11 May 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Terapon jarbua nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Therapon jarbua Photos of Terapon jarbua on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Terapon jarbua amp oldid 1192121615, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
