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Tenshō (Momoyama period)

January 16, 2023

Tenshō (天正) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year" name) after Genki and before Bunroku. This period spanned the years from July 1573 through December 1592.[1] The reigning emperors were Ōgimachi-tennō (正親町天皇) and Go-Yōzei-tennō (後陽成天皇).[2]

Change of era

  • 1573 Tenshō gannen (天正元年): The new era name was created to mark a number of regional wars. The era name was inspired by a passage from the Chinese classic Laozi:  :"Those who are at peace with nature bring all under Heaven into its correct pattern" (清静者為天下正).

The era name Tenshō was suggested by [Oda Nobunaga]. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Genki 4, the 28th day of the 7th month.

Events of the Tenshō era

European dates up to October 4, 1582 are given in the Julian calendar. Dates since October 15, 1582 are given in the Gregorian calendar.

  • 1573 (Tenshō 1, 7th month): Ashikaga Yoshiaki lost his position as shōgun. He shaved his head, becoming a Buddhist priest. Initially, he took the priestly name Sho-san, but he eventually came to be known as Rei-o In.[3]
  • 1574 (Tenshō 2, 1st month): Sectarian rebellion in Echizen Province.
  • 1574 (Tenshō 2, 9th month): Suppression of sectarian rebellion in Nagashima.
  • 1575 (Tenshō 3, 5th month): Takeda Katsuyori led an army into Tōtōmi Province where he lay siege to Nagashino Castle. The Tokugawa defended the castle; and Tokugawa Ieayasu sought assistance from Oda Nobunaga. In response, Nobunaga and his son Nobutada arrived at Nagashino with a large force. In the ensuing Battle of Nagashino, the Takeda attackers were forced to retreat.[4]
  • 1576 (Tenshō 4): Takeda Katsuyori ordered the rebuilding of the Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga Province.[5]
  • 1579 (Tenshō 7, 5th month): Azuchi Sect Debates at Azuchi Castle.
  • 1579 (Tenshō 7, 6th month): Akechi Mitsuhide makes himself master of Tanba Province.[6]
  • 1579 (Tenshō 7, 10th month): Oda Nobukatsu launches first Tenshō Iga War, ending with his defeat.
  • 1580 (Tenshō 8, 11th month): Kaga sectarian rebellion suppressed.[6]
  • 1581 (Tenshō 9, 9th month): Oda Nobunaga relaunches the second Tenshō Iga War, ending with victory and Iga under left under Nobukatsu's control.
  • 1582 (Tenshō 10): Takeda Katsuyori utter defeat by the forces of Oda Nobunaga led to the destruction of Takeda-built structures at the Asama Shrine.[5]
  • 1582 (Tenshō 10, 3rd month): Battle of Tenmokuzan.[7]
  • 1582 (Tenshō 10, 6th month): Incident at Honnō-ji,[8] Battle of Yamazaki,[9] Council of Kiyosu.
  • February 20, 1582 (Tenshō 10, 28th day of the 1st month): A Japanese mission or embassy to Europe (Tenshō Ken'ō Shisetsu) sailed from Nagasaki, and its members would not return until 1590.[1] It headed by Mancio Itō and organized on the initiative of Alessandro Valignano. Although less well-known and less well-documented than Hasekura Tsunenaga's diplomatic mission to the Vatican (known as the "Keichō Embassy") in 1613–1620,[10] this historic diplomatic initiative remains a noteworthy accomplishment. The mission is sometimes referred to as the "Tenshō Embassy" because it was initiated in the Tenshō era. This venture was organized by three daimyōs of Western Japan – Ōmura Sumitada, Ōtomo Sōrin and Arima Harunobu.[11]
  • 1583 (Tenshō 11, 4th month): Battle of Shizugatake.[12]
  • 1584 (Tenshō 12, 4th month): Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.[13]
  • August 10, 1585 (Tenshō 13, 15th day of the 7th month): The Japanese mission to the West (Tenshō Ken'ō Shisetsu) arrived in Lisbon.[1]
  • 1585 (Tenshō 13, 7th month): Toyotomi Hideyoshi is given the position of kampaku by Ōgimachi.[14]
  • December 17, 1586 (Tenshō 14, 7th day of the 11th month): Ogimachi gave over the reins of government to his grandson, who would become Emperor Go-Yozei. There had been no such Imperial since Emperor Go-Hanazono abdicated in Kanshō 5. The dearth of abdications is attributable to the disturbed state of the country and to the fact that there was neither any dwelling in which an ex-emperor could live nor any excess funds in the treasury to support him.[15]
  • 1586 (Tenshō 14, 12th month): A marriage is arranged between the youngest sister of Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu.[16]
  • 1586 (Tenshō 14, 12th month): The kampaku, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was nominated to be Daijō-daijin.[16]
  • 1586 (Tenshō 14, 12th month): An earthquake strikes the Chubu region, killing 8,000 people.[17]
  • 1587 (Tenshō 15): Gold or silver coins called Tenshō-tsūhō were minted. The gold coins (Tenshō-ōban) weighed 165 grams; and these oval shaped coins were worth 10 ryō.[1]
  • 1588 (Tenshō 16, 7th month): Emperor Go-Yōzei visits Toyotomi Hideyoshi's mansion, sword hunt decree
  • 1590 (Tenshō 18, 7th month): Hideyoshi led an army to the Kantō where he lay siege to Odawara Castle. When the fortress fell, Hōjō Ujimasa died and his brother, Hōjō Ujinao submitted to Hideyoshi's power, thus ending a period of serial internal warfare which had continued uninterrupted since the Ōnin era (1467).[18]
  • 1592 (Tenshō 20, 4th month): The Imjin War begins with the Siege of Busanjin.

In 1589–1590 (in the 23rd year of the reign of King Seonjo of Joseon), a diplomatic mission led by Hwang Yun-gil was sent to Japan.[19] The Joseon ambassador was received by Hideyoshi.[20]

In popular culture

The fictional plot of the classic Akira Kurosawa film Seven Samurai takes place in the 15th year of Tenshō.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tenshō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 961; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 382–405.
  3. ^ Titsingh, p. 389.
  4. ^ Titsingh, p. 391.
  5. ^ a b Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, p.462.
  6. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 394.
  7. ^ Titsingh, p. 395.
  8. ^ Titsingh, p. 396.
  9. ^ Titsingh, p. 397.
  10. ^ In the name "Keichō Embassy", the noun "Keichō" refers to the nengō (Japanese era name) after "Bunroku" and before "Genna." In other words, the Keichō Embassy commenced during Keichō, which was a time period spanning the years from 1596 through 1615.
  11. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs: "Japan-Mexico Relations."
  12. ^ Titsingh, p. 398.
  13. ^ Titsingh, p. 399.
  14. ^ Titsingh, p. 401.
  15. ^ Titsingh, p. 402; Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869, pp. 340–341.
  16. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 402.
  17. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS), Significant Earthquake Database (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  18. ^ Titsingh, p. 405.
  19. ^ Rutt, Richard et al. (2003). Korea: a Historical and Cultural Dictionary, p. 190.
  20. ^ Kang, Diplomacy and Ideology, p. 275.

References

External links

  • National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Preceded by
Genki (元亀)
 Era or nengō
Tenshō (天正)
1573–1592 		Succeeded by
Bunroku (文禄)

January 16, 2023
tenshō, momoyama, period, tenshō, 天正, japanese, name, 年号, nengō, year, name, after, genki, before, bunroku, this, period, spanned, years, from, july, 1573, through, december, 1592, reigning, emperors, were, Ōgimachi, tennō, 正親町天皇, yōzei, tennō, 後陽成天皇, contents. Tenshō 天正 was a Japanese era name 年号 nengō year name after Genki and before Bunroku This period spanned the years from July 1573 through December 1592 1 The reigning emperors were Ōgimachi tennō 正親町天皇 and Go Yōzei tennō 後陽成天皇 2 Contents 1 Change of era 2 Events of the Tenshō era 3 In popular culture 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksChange of era Edit1573 Tenshō gannen 天正元年 The new era name was created to mark a number of regional wars The era name was inspired by a passage from the Chinese classic Laozi Those who are at peace with nature bring all under Heaven into its correct pattern 清静者為天下正 The era name Tenshō was suggested by Oda Nobunaga The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Genki 4 the 28th day of the 7th month Events of the Tenshō era EditEuropean dates up to October 4 1582 are given in the Julian calendar Dates since October 15 1582 are given in the Gregorian calendar 1573 Tenshō 1 7th month Ashikaga Yoshiaki lost his position as shōgun He shaved his head becoming a Buddhist priest Initially he took the priestly name Sho san but he eventually came to be known as Rei o In 3 1574 Tenshō 2 1st month Sectarian rebellion in Echizen Province 1574 Tenshō 2 9th month Suppression of sectarian rebellion in Nagashima 1575 Tenshō 3 5th month Takeda Katsuyori led an army into Tōtōmi Province where he lay siege to Nagashino Castle The Tokugawa defended the castle and Tokugawa Ieayasu sought assistance from Oda Nobunaga In response Nobunaga and his son Nobutada arrived at Nagashino with a large force In the ensuing Battle of Nagashino the Takeda attackers were forced to retreat 4 1576 Tenshō 4 Takeda Katsuyori ordered the rebuilding of the Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga Province 5 1579 Tenshō 7 5th month Azuchi Sect Debates at Azuchi Castle 1579 Tenshō 7 6th month Akechi Mitsuhide makes himself master of Tanba Province 6 1579 Tenshō 7 10th month Oda Nobukatsu launches first Tenshō Iga War ending with his defeat 1580 Tenshō 8 11th month Kaga sectarian rebellion suppressed 6 1581 Tenshō 9 9th month Oda Nobunaga relaunches the second Tenshō Iga War ending with victory and Iga under left under Nobukatsu s control 1582 Tenshō 10 Takeda Katsuyori utter defeat by the forces of Oda Nobunaga led to the destruction of Takeda built structures at the Asama Shrine 5 1582 Tenshō 10 3rd month Battle of Tenmokuzan 7 1582 Tenshō 10 6th month Incident at Honnō ji 8 Battle of Yamazaki 9 Council of Kiyosu February 20 1582 Tenshō 10 28th day of the 1st month A Japanese mission or embassy to Europe Tenshō Ken ō Shisetsu sailed from Nagasaki and its members would not return until 1590 1 It headed by Mancio Itō and organized on the initiative of Alessandro Valignano Although less well known and less well documented than Hasekura Tsunenaga s diplomatic mission to the Vatican known as the Keichō Embassy in 1613 1620 10 this historic diplomatic initiative remains a noteworthy accomplishment The mission is sometimes referred to as the Tenshō Embassy because it was initiated in the Tenshō era This venture was organized by three daimyōs of Western Japan Ōmura Sumitada Ōtomo Sōrin and Arima Harunobu 11 1583 Tenshō 11 4th month Battle of Shizugatake 12 1584 Tenshō 12 4th month Battle of Komaki and Nagakute 13 August 10 1585 Tenshō 13 15th day of the 7th month The Japanese mission to the West Tenshō Ken ō Shisetsu arrived in Lisbon 1 1585 Tenshō 13 7th month Toyotomi Hideyoshi is given the position of kampaku by Ōgimachi 14 December 17 1586 Tenshō 14 7th day of the 11th month Ogimachi gave over the reins of government to his grandson who would become Emperor Go Yozei There had been no such Imperial since Emperor Go Hanazono abdicated in Kanshō 5 The dearth of abdications is attributable to the disturbed state of the country and to the fact that there was neither any dwelling in which an ex emperor could live nor any excess funds in the treasury to support him 15 1586 Tenshō 14 12th month A marriage is arranged between the youngest sister of Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu 16 1586 Tenshō 14 12th month The kampaku Toyotomi Hideyoshi was nominated to be Daijō daijin 16 1586 Tenshō 14 12th month An earthquake strikes the Chubu region killing 8 000 people 17 1587 Tenshō 15 Gold or silver coins called Tenshō tsuhō were minted The gold coins Tenshō ōban weighed 165 grams and these oval shaped coins were worth 10 ryō 1 1588 Tenshō 16 7th month Emperor Go Yōzei visits Toyotomi Hideyoshi s mansion sword hunt decree 1590 Tenshō 18 7th month Hideyoshi led an army to the Kantō where he lay siege to Odawara Castle When the fortress fell Hōjō Ujimasa died and his brother Hōjō Ujinao submitted to Hideyoshi s power thus ending a period of serial internal warfare which had continued uninterrupted since the Ōnin era 1467 18 1592 Tenshō 20 4th month The Imjin War begins with the Siege of Busanjin In 1589 1590 in the 23rd year of the reign of King Seonjo of Joseon a diplomatic mission led by Hwang Yun gil was sent to Japan 19 The Joseon ambassador was received by Hideyoshi 20 In popular culture EditThe fictional plot of the classic Akira Kurosawa film Seven Samurai takes place in the 15th year of Tenshō Notes Edit a b c d Nussbaum Louis Frederic 2005 Tenshō in Japan encyclopedia p 961 n b Louis Frederic is pseudonym of Louis Frederic Nussbaum see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012 05 24 at archive today Titsingh Isaac 1834 Annales des empereurs du Japon pp 382 405 Titsingh p 389 Titsingh p 391 a b Ponsonby Fane Richard 1962 Studies in Shinto and Shrines p 462 a b Titsingh p 394 Titsingh p 395 Titsingh p 396 Titsingh p 397 In the name Keichō Embassy the noun Keichō refers to the nengō Japanese era name after Bunroku and before Genna In other words the Keichō Embassy commenced during Keichō which was a time period spanning the years from 1596 through 1615 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan Mexico Relations Titsingh p 398 Titsingh p 399 Titsingh p 401 Titsingh p 402 Ponsonby Fane Richard A B 1956 Kyoto The Old Capital of Japan 794 1869 pp 340 341 a b Titsingh p 402 National Geophysical Data Center World Data Service NGDC WDS Significant Earthquake Database Data Set National Geophysical Data Center NOAA doi 10 7289 V5TD9V7K Titsingh p 405 Rutt Richard et al 2003 Korea a Historical and Cultural Dictionary p 190 Kang Diplomacy and Ideology p 275 References EditKang Etsuko Hae jin 1997 Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese Korean Relations from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century Basingstoke Hampshire Macmillan ISBN 978 0 312 17370 8 OCLC 243874305 Nussbaum Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth 2005 Japan Encyclopedia Cambridge Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01753 5 OCLC 48943301 Ponsonby Fane Richard Arthur Brabazon 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 194887 1962 Studies in Shinto and Shrines Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 3994492 Rutt Richard and James Hoare 2003 Korea a Historical and Cultural Dictionary London Routledge ISBN 978 0 700 70464 4 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691External links EditNational Diet Library The Japanese Calendar historical overview plus illustrative images from library s collectionPreceded byGenki 元亀 Era or nengōTenshō 天正 1573 1592 Succeeded byBunroku 文禄 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tenshō Momoyama period amp oldid 1089287040, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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