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Siege of Busanjin

January 01, 1970

"Siege of Pusan" redirects here. For other sieges, see Battle of Pusan (disambiguation).

The siege of Busanjin (Korean: 부산진 전투; Hanja: 釜山鎭戰鬪) was a battle fought at Busan on 24 May 1592, between Japanese and Korean forces. The attacks on Busan and the neighboring fort of Dadaejin were the first battles of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98).[5]

The Siege of Busan Castle
Part of Imjin War

The Siege of Busan Castle
DateMay 24–25, 1592
Location
Busanjin-gu, Busan
Result

Japanese victory

  • Sack of Busan
Belligerents
Toyotomi Japan Kingdom of Joseon
Commanders and leaders
Strength
16,700[1] 600 Soldiers[2]
8,000 Civilians.[1]
Casualties and losses
? 1,200-8,500 killed[3][4]
200 captured[3]
Japanese army sacks the city of Busan.

Background edit

The Japanese invasion force consisting of 400 transports bearing 18,700 men under the command of Konishi Yukinaga departed from Tsushima Island on 23 May and arrived at Busan harbor without any incident. The commander of Busan, Jeong Bal, spotted the invasion fleet while hunting on Yeong Island off Busan Harbor and rushed back to Busan to prepare defenses.[6] A single vessel bearing the daimyō of Tsushima Sō Yoshitoshi (who had been a member of the Japanese mission to Korea in 1589) detached from the Japanese fleet with a letter to the commander of Busan, Jeong Bal, demanding that the Korean forces stand down to allow the Japanese armies to proceed on towards China. The letter went unanswered, and the Japanese commenced landing operations from 0400 the following morning. [7]

The Joseon fleet of 150 ships did nothing and sat idle at port while Gyeongsang Left Navy Commander Bak Hong reported to Gyeongsang Right Navy Commander Won Gyun, who thought the invasion might have been a really large trade mission.[8]

The commanders of the Japanese forces were Konishi, Sō, Matsura Shigenobu, Arima Harunobu, Ōmura Yoshiaki and Gotō Mototsugu, all of whom (with the exception of Matsura) were Kirishitans, as were many of their men.[9] A portion of this force led by Konishi attacked a nearby fort called Dadaejin, while Sō led the main contingent against Busan. [6]

Battle edit

Early in the morning of May 24, 1592, Sō Yoshitoshi once again called up Joeng Bal to stand down, assuring that he and his men would be safe if they would stand aside and allow the Japanese to pass. Joeng refused, stating that he was duty bound to oppose the Japanese advance unless he received orders from Seoul to do otherwise, and the Japanese attack then commenced. [8] The Japanese tried to take the south gate of Busan Castle first but took heavy casualties and were forced to switch to the north gate. The Japanese took high ground positions on the mountain behind Busan and shot at Korean defenders within the city with their arquebuss until they created a breach in their northern defenses.[4] The Koreans, armed primarily with bows and spears, were outranged by Japanese firepower, and soon ran out of arrows. Commander Jeong Bal was struck by a bullet and died at around nine AM, causing morale to collapse and the swift fall of the city.[5]

Aftermath edit

Once within the walls of the fortification, the Japanese massacred thousands. "Both men, women, and even dogs and cats were beheaded."[3] According to Japanese records, 8500 Koreans were killed in at Busan and 200 were taken prisoner. [8]

Gyeongsang Left Navy Commander Bak Hong watched the fall of Busan from a distance. He then scuttled his fleet of 100 ships, which included more than 50 warships armed with cannon, and destroyed his weapons and provisions, so that they would not fall into Japanese hands. Abandoning his men, he fled to Hanseong.[3]

The following day, Konishi recombined his forces, and then advanced towards the fortress of Dongnae located ten kilometers northeast on the main road to Seoul.[10]

Legacy edit

With the port in Japanese hands, the area became the primary landing ground for subsequent Japanese deployments to Korea during the Japanese invasion, notably the large army led by Kato Kiyomasa and the slightly smaller army led by Kuroda Nagamasa. It was also the primary Japanese supply base throughout the conflict.

To commemorate the battle, there is a statue of Jeong Bal next to the Japanese Consulate in Busan.[6]

See also edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b Luís Fróis《historia de japam》
  2. ^ 조선왕조실록 (Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty) 명종실록 (Annals of King Myeongjong) 12권(volume 12), 명종 6년 10월 24일 무인 1번째기사| A record of the size and number of troops in the Busanjin garrison.
  3. ^ a b c d Hawley 2005, p. 145.
  4. ^ a b Swope 2009, p. 89.
  5. ^ a b Turnbull 2008, p. 23-24.
  6. ^ a b c Turnbull 2008, p. 23.
  7. ^ Hawley 2005, p. 235-245.
  8. ^ a b c Hawley 2005, p. 142.
  9. ^ Hawley 2005, p. 241.
  10. ^ Turnbull 2008, p. 24.

Bibliography edit

  • Alagappa, Muthiah (2003), Asian Security Order: Instrumental and Normative Features, Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-4629-8
  • Arano, Yasunori (2005), The Formation of a Japanocentric World Order, International Journal of Asian Studies
  • Brown, Delmer M. (May 1948), "The Impact of Firearms on Japanese Warfare, 1543–1598", The Far Eastern Quarterly, 7 (3): 236–53, doi:10.2307/2048846, JSTOR 2048846, S2CID 162924328
  • Eikenberry, Karl W. (1988), "The Imjin War", Military Review, 68 (2): 74–82
  • Ha, Tae-hung; Sohn, Pow-key (1977), 'Nanjung Ilgi: War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin, Yonsei University Press, ISBN 978-89-7141-018-9
  • Haboush, JaHyun Kim (2016), The Great East Asian War and the Birth of the Korean Nation
  • Hawley, Samuel (2005), The Imjin War, The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press, ISBN 978-89-954424-2-5
  • Jang, Pyun-soon (1998), Noon-eu-ro Bo-nen Han-gook-yauk-sa 5: Gor-yeo Si-dae (눈으로 보는 한국역사 5: 고려시대), Park Doo-ui, Bae Keum-ram, Yi Sang-mi, Kim Ho-hyun, Kim Pyung-sook, et al., Joog-ang Gyo-yook-yaun-goo-won. 1998-10-30. Seoul, Korea.
  • Kim, Ki-chung (Fall 1999), "Resistance, Abduction, and Survival: The Documentary Literature of the Imjin War (1592–8)", Korean Culture, 20 (3): 20–29
  • Kim, Yung-sik (1998), "Problems and Possibilities in the Study of the History of Korean Science", Osiris, 2nd Series, 13: 48–79, doi:10.1086/649280, JSTOR 301878, S2CID 143724260
  • 桑田忠親 [Kuwata, Tadachika], ed., 舊參謀本部編纂, [Kyu Sanbo Honbu], 朝鮮の役 [Chousen no Eki]　(日本の戰史 [Nihon no Senshi] Vol. 5), 1965.
  • Neves, Jaime Ramalhete (1994), "The Portuguese in the Im-Jim War?", Review of Culture, 18: 20–24
  • Niderost, Eric (June 2001), "Turtleboat Destiny: The Imjin War and Yi Sun Shin", Military Heritage, 2 (6): 50–59, 89
  • Niderost, Eric (January 2002), "The Miracle at Myongnyang, 1597", Osprey Military Journal, 4 (1): 44–50
  • Park, Yune-hee (1973), Admiral Yi Sun-shin and His Turtleboat Armada: A Comprehensive Account of the Resistance of Korea to the 16th Century Japanese Invasion, Shinsaeng Press
  • Rockstein, Edward D. (1993), Strategic And Operational Aspects of Japan's Invasions of Korea 1592–1598 1993-6-18, Naval War College
  • Sadler, A. L. (June 1937), "The Naval Campaign in the Korean War of Hideyoshi (1592–1598)", Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, Second Series, 14: 179–208
  • Sansom, George (1961), A History of Japan 1334–1615, Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-0525-7
  • Sohn, Pow-key (April–June 1959), "Early Korean Painting", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 79 (2): 96–103, doi:10.2307/595851, JSTOR 595851
  • Stramigioli, Giuliana (December 1954), "Hideyoshi's Expansionist Policy on the Asiatic Mainland", Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, Third Series, 3: 74–116
  • Strauss, Barry (Summer 2005), "Korea's Legendary Admiral", MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, 17 (4): 52–61
  • Swope, Kenneth M. (2006), "Beyond Turtleboats: Siege Accounts from Hideyoshi's Second Invasion of Korea, 1597–1598", Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies, 6 (2): 177–206
  • Swope, Kenneth M. (2005), "Crouching Tigers, Secret Weapons: Military Technology Employed During the Sino-Japanese-Korean War, 1592–1598", The Journal of Military History, 69: 11–42, doi:10.1353/jmh.2005.0059, S2CID 159829515
  • Swope, Kenneth M. (December 2002), "Deceit, Disguise, and Dependence: China, Japan, and the Future of the Tributary System, 1592–1596", The International History Review, 24 (4): 757–1008, doi:10.1080/07075332.2002.9640980, S2CID 154827808
  • Swope, Kenneth M. (2009), A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598, University of Oklahoma Press
  • Turnbull, Stephen (2002), Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98, Cassell & Co, ISBN 978-0-304-35948-6
  • Turnbull, Stephen (2008), The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98, Osprey Publishing Ltd
  • Turnbull, Stephen (1998), The Samurai Sourcebook, Cassell & Co, ISBN 978-1-85409-523-7
  • Villiers, John (1980). "Silk and Silver: Macau, Manila and Trade in the China Seas in the Sixteenth Century (A lecture delivered to the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society at the Hong Kong Club. 10 June 1980.)" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. 20. ISSN 1991-7295.
  • Yi, Min-woong (2004), Imjin Wae-ran Haejeonsa: The Naval Battles of the Imjin War [임진왜란 해전사], Chongoram Media [청어람미디어], ISBN 978-89-89722-49-6

External links edit

  • Chungnyeolsa Shrine

January 01, 1970
siege, busanjin, siege, pusan, redirects, here, other, sieges, battle, pusan, disambiguation, siege, busanjin, korean, 부산진, 전투, hanja, 釜山鎭戰鬪, battle, fought, busan, 1592, between, japanese, korean, forces, attacks, busan, neighboring, fort, dadaejin, were, fir. Siege of Pusan redirects here For other sieges see Battle of Pusan disambiguation The siege of Busanjin Korean 부산진 전투 Hanja 釜山鎭戰鬪 was a battle fought at Busan on 24 May 1592 between Japanese and Korean forces The attacks on Busan and the neighboring fort of Dadaejin were the first battles of the Japanese invasions of Korea 1592 98 5 The Siege of Busan CastlePart of Imjin WarThe Siege of Busan CastleDateMay 24 25 1592LocationBusanjin gu BusanResultJapanese victory Sack of BusanBelligerentsToyotomi JapanKingdom of JoseonCommanders and leadersSō YoshitoshiJeong Bal Strength16 700 1 600 Soldiers 2 8 000 Civilians 1 Casualties and losses 1 200 8 500 killed 3 4 200 captured 3 Japanese army sacks the city of Busan Contents 1 Background 2 Battle 3 Aftermath 4 Legacy 5 See also 6 Citations 7 Bibliography 8 External linksBackground editThe Japanese invasion force consisting of 400 transports bearing 18 700 men under the command of Konishi Yukinaga departed from Tsushima Island on 23 May and arrived at Busan harbor without any incident The commander of Busan Jeong Bal spotted the invasion fleet while hunting on Yeong Island off Busan Harbor and rushed back to Busan to prepare defenses 6 A single vessel bearing the daimyō of Tsushima Sō Yoshitoshi who had been a member of the Japanese mission to Korea in 1589 detached from the Japanese fleet with a letter to the commander of Busan Jeong Bal demanding that the Korean forces stand down to allow the Japanese armies to proceed on towards China The letter went unanswered and the Japanese commenced landing operations from 0400 the following morning 7 The Joseon fleet of 150 ships did nothing and sat idle at port while Gyeongsang Left Navy Commander Bak Hong reported to Gyeongsang Right Navy Commander Won Gyun who thought the invasion might have been a really large trade mission 8 The commanders of the Japanese forces were Konishi Sō Matsura Shigenobu Arima Harunobu Ōmura Yoshiaki and Gotō Mototsugu all of whom with the exception of Matsura were Kirishitans as were many of their men 9 A portion of this force led by Konishi attacked a nearby fort called Dadaejin while Sō led the main contingent against Busan 6 Battle editEarly in the morning of May 24 1592 Sō Yoshitoshi once again called up Joeng Bal to stand down assuring that he and his men would be safe if they would stand aside and allow the Japanese to pass Joeng refused stating that he was duty bound to oppose the Japanese advance unless he received orders from Seoul to do otherwise and the Japanese attack then commenced 8 The Japanese tried to take the south gate of Busan Castle first but took heavy casualties and were forced to switch to the north gate The Japanese took high ground positions on the mountain behind Busan and shot at Korean defenders within the city with their arquebuss until they created a breach in their northern defenses 4 The Koreans armed primarily with bows and spears were outranged by Japanese firepower and soon ran out of arrows Commander Jeong Bal was struck by a bullet and died at around nine AM causing morale to collapse and the swift fall of the city 5 Aftermath editOnce within the walls of the fortification the Japanese massacred thousands Both men women and even dogs and cats were beheaded 3 According to Japanese records 8500 Koreans were killed in at Busan and 200 were taken prisoner 8 Gyeongsang Left Navy Commander Bak Hong watched the fall of Busan from a distance He then scuttled his fleet of 100 ships which included more than 50 warships armed with cannon and destroyed his weapons and provisions so that they would not fall into Japanese hands Abandoning his men he fled to Hanseong 3 The following day Konishi recombined his forces and then advanced towards the fortress of Dongnae located ten kilometers northeast on the main road to Seoul 10 Legacy editWith the port in Japanese hands the area became the primary landing ground for subsequent Japanese deployments to Korea during the Japanese invasion notably the large army led by Kato Kiyomasa and the slightly smaller army led by Kuroda Nagamasa It was also the primary Japanese supply base throughout the conflict To commemorate the battle there is a statue of Jeong Bal next to the Japanese Consulate in Busan 6 See also editList of fortresses in KoreaCitations edit a b Luis Frois historia de japam 조선왕조실록 Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty 명종실록 Annals of King Myeongjong 12권 volume 12 명종 6년 10월 24일 무인 1번째기사 A record of the size and number of troops in the Busanjin garrison a b c d Hawley 2005 p 145 a b Swope 2009 p 89 a b Turnbull 2008 p 23 24 a b c Turnbull 2008 p 23 Hawley 2005 p 235 245 a b c Hawley 2005 p 142 Hawley 2005 p 241 Turnbull 2008 p 24 Bibliography editAlagappa Muthiah 2003 Asian Security Order Instrumental and Normative Features Stanford University Press ISBN 978 0 8047 4629 8 Arano Yasunori 2005 The Formation of a Japanocentric World Order International Journal of Asian Studies Brown Delmer M May 1948 The Impact of Firearms on Japanese Warfare 1543 1598 The Far Eastern Quarterly 7 3 236 53 doi 10 2307 2048846 JSTOR 2048846 S2CID 162924328 Eikenberry Karl W 1988 The Imjin War Military Review 68 2 74 82 Ha Tae hung Sohn Pow key 1977 Nanjung Ilgi War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun sin Yonsei University Press ISBN 978 89 7141 018 9 Haboush JaHyun Kim 2016 The Great East Asian War and the Birth of the Korean Nation Hawley Samuel 2005 The Imjin War The Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch UC Berkeley Press ISBN 978 89 954424 2 5 Jang Pyun soon 1998 Noon eu ro Bo nen Han gook yauk sa 5 Gor yeo Si dae 눈으로 보는 한국역사 5 고려시대 Park Doo ui Bae Keum ram Yi Sang mi Kim Ho hyun Kim Pyung sook et al Joog ang Gyo yook yaun goo won 1998 10 30 Seoul Korea Kim Ki chung Fall 1999 Resistance Abduction and Survival The Documentary Literature of the Imjin War 1592 8 Korean Culture 20 3 20 29 Kim Yung sik 1998 Problems and Possibilities in the Study of the History of Korean Science Osiris 2nd Series 13 48 79 doi 10 1086 649280 JSTOR 301878 S2CID 143724260 桑田忠親 Kuwata Tadachika ed 舊參謀本部編纂 Kyu Sanbo Honbu 朝鮮の役 Chousen no Eki 日本の戰史 Nihon no Senshi Vol 5 1965 Neves Jaime Ramalhete 1994 The Portuguese in the Im Jim War Review of Culture 18 20 24 Niderost Eric June 2001 Turtleboat Destiny The Imjin War and Yi Sun Shin Military Heritage 2 6 50 59 89 Niderost Eric January 2002 The Miracle at Myongnyang 1597 Osprey Military Journal 4 1 44 50 Park Yune hee 1973 Admiral Yi Sun shin and His Turtleboat Armada A Comprehensive Account of the Resistance of Korea to the 16th Century Japanese Invasion Shinsaeng Press Rockstein Edward D 1993 Strategic And Operational Aspects of Japan s Invasions of Korea 1592 1598 1993 6 18 Naval War College Sadler A L June 1937 The Naval Campaign in the Korean War of Hideyoshi 1592 1598 Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan Second Series 14 179 208 Sansom George 1961 A History of Japan 1334 1615 Stanford University Press ISBN 978 0 8047 0525 7 Sohn Pow key April June 1959 Early Korean Painting Journal of the American Oriental Society 79 2 96 103 doi 10 2307 595851 JSTOR 595851 Stramigioli Giuliana December 1954 Hideyoshi s Expansionist Policy on the Asiatic Mainland Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan Third Series 3 74 116 Strauss Barry Summer 2005 Korea s Legendary Admiral MHQ The Quarterly Journal of Military History 17 4 52 61 Swope Kenneth M 2006 Beyond Turtleboats Siege Accounts from Hideyoshi s Second Invasion of Korea 1597 1598 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 6 2 177 206 Swope Kenneth M 2005 Crouching Tigers Secret Weapons Military Technology Employed During the Sino Japanese Korean War 1592 1598 The Journal of Military History 69 11 42 doi 10 1353 jmh 2005 0059 S2CID 159829515 Swope Kenneth M December 2002 Deceit Disguise and Dependence China Japan and the Future of the Tributary System 1592 1596 The International History Review 24 4 757 1008 doi 10 1080 07075332 2002 9640980 S2CID 154827808 Swope Kenneth M 2009 A Dragon s Head and a Serpent s Tail Ming China and the First Great East Asian War 1592 1598 University of Oklahoma Press Turnbull Stephen 2002 Samurai Invasion Japan s Korean War 1592 98 Cassell amp Co ISBN 978 0 304 35948 6 Turnbull Stephen 2008 The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592 98 Osprey Publishing Ltd Turnbull Stephen 1998 The Samurai Sourcebook Cassell amp Co ISBN 978 1 85409 523 7 Villiers John 1980 Silk and Silver Macau Manila and Trade in the China Seas in the Sixteenth Century A lecture delivered to the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society at the Hong Kong Club 10 June 1980 PDF Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch 20 ISSN 1991 7295 Yi Min woong 2004 Imjin Wae ran Haejeonsa The Naval Battles of the Imjin War 임진왜란 해전사 Chongoram Media 청어람미디어 ISBN 978 89 89722 49 6External links editChungnyeolsa Shrine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Siege of Busanjin amp oldid 1219925080, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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