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Asian golden cat

November 16, 2023

Not to be confused with African golden cat or Bay cat.

The Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) is a medium-sized wild cat native to the northeastern Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and China. It has been listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List since 2008, and is threatened by poaching and habitat destruction, since Southeast Asian forests are undergoing the world's fastest regional deforestation.[1]

Asian golden cat
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Catopuma
Species:
C. temminckii
Binomial name
Catopuma temminckii
(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)
Distribution of the Asian golden cat, 2015[1]
Synonyms

Pardofelis temminckii

The Asian golden cat's scientific name honours Coenraad Jacob Temminck. It is also called Temminck's cat and Asiatic golden cat.[2]

Taxonomy edit

Felis temmincki was the scientific name used in 1827 by Nicholas Aylward Vigors and Thomas Horsfield who described a reddish brown cat skin from Sumatra.[3]Felis moormensis proposed by Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1831 was a young male cat caught alive by Moormi hunters in Nepal.[4] Felis tristis proposed by Alphonse Milne-Edwards in 1872 was a spotted Asian golden cat from China.[5]

It was subordinated to the genus Catopuma proposed by Nikolai Severtzov in 1853.[6] Two subspecies are recognised as valid since 2017:[7]

Phylogeny edit

Phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear DNA in tissue samples from all Felidae species revealed that the evolutionary radiation of the Felidae began in Asia in the Miocene around 14.45 to 8.38 million years ago.[8][9] Analysis of mitochondrial DNA of all Felidae species indicates a radiation at around 16.76 to 6.46 million years ago.[10] The Asian golden cat forms an evolutionary lineage together with the bay cat (C. badia) and the marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata), which diverged from a common ancestor between 8.42 to 4.27 million years ago, based on analysis of their nuclear DNA.[8][9] Analysis of their mitochondrial DNA indicates a genetic divergence from their common ancestor between 8.47 to 0.41 million years ago.[10] Both models agree that the marbled cat is the first species of this lineage that diverged, while the Asian golden cat and the bay cat diverged from each other about 6.42 to 0.03 million years ago[8][10]

The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic relationships of the Asian golden cat:[8][9][10]

Felidae 
 Felinae

Asian golden cat

Bay cat

Marbled cat

other Felinae lineages

Pantherinae

Characteristics edit

 
Illustration of skulls of Asian golden cat (bottom) and fishing cat (top)[11]
 
A grey morph of the Asian golden cat, Arunachal Pradesh, India

The Asian golden cat is a medium-sized cat with a head-to-body length of 66–105 cm (26–41 in), with a 40–57 cm (16–22 in) long tail, and is 56 cm (22 in) tall at the shoulder. In weight, it ranges from 9 to 16 kg (20 to 35 lb), which is about two or three times that of a domestic cat (Felis catus).[2]

The Asian golden cat is polymorphic in colour. Golden, reddish brown and buff brown individuals were recorded in northeastern India and Bhutan.[12][13][14][15][16] Reddish brown morphs were recorded in Sumatra.[3][17][18]Melanistic individuals were recorded in the eastern Himalayas,[12][13][19] and in Sumatra.[17] A spotted Asian golden cat with large rosettes on shoulders, flanks and hips was described for the first time based on a specimen from China in 1872.[5] This morph was recorded in China, Bhutan and in West Bengal's Buxa Tiger Reserve.[20][21][16]

Distribution and habitat edit

The Asian golden cat ranges from eastern Nepal, northeastern India and Bhutan to Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, southern China, Malaysia and Sumatra. It prefers forest habitats interspersed with rocky areas and inhabits dry deciduous, subtropical evergreen and tropical rainforests.[22]

Since an individual was caught alive in 1831 in Nepal, the country was thought to be the westernmost part of the Asian golden cat's range.[4][23] In the 21st century, it was photographed in the country in May 2009 in Makalu Barun National Park, at an elevation of 2,517 m (8,258 ft).[19] In February 2019, it was also recorded in Gaurishankar Conservation Area at an elevation of 2,540 m (8,330 ft).[24]

In India, Asian golden cats were recorded in:

In Bhutan's Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, it was recorded by camera traps at an elevation of 3,738 m (12,264 ft).[21]

In northern Myanmar, it was recorded in Hkakaborazi National Park.[28] In 2015, it was recorded for the first time in the hill forests of Karen State.[29]

In Laos, it also inhabits bamboo regrowth, scrub and degraded forest from the Mekong plains to at least 1,100 m (3,600 ft).[30][31]

In China, it was recorded in protected areas in the Qinling and Minshan Mountains between 2004 and 2009.[32]

Results of surveys in Sumatra indicated that it is more common than sympatric small cats, suggesting that it is more numerous than thought before the turn of the 21st century. It has been recorded in Kerinci Seblat Gunung Leuser and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Parks.[17][33][34]

Behaviour and ecology edit

 
Asian golden cat with a piece of meat

Asian golden cats are territorial and solitary. Previous observations suggested that they are primarily nocturnal, but a field study on two radio-collared specimens revealed arrhythmic activity patterns dominated by crepuscular and diurnal activity peaks, with much less activity late at night. In the study, the male's territory was 47.7 km2 (18.4 sq mi) in size and increased by more than 15% during the rainy season. The female's territory was 32.6 km2 (12.6 sq mi) in size. Both cats traveled between only 55 m (180 ft) to more than 9 km (5.6 mi) in a day, and were more active in July than in March.[35] Asian golden cats recorded in northeast India were active during the day with activity peaks around noon.[27]

Asian golden cats can climb trees when necessary. They hunt birds, hares, rodents, reptiles, and small ungulates such as muntjacs and young sambar deer.[22] They are capable of bringing down prey much larger than themselves, such as domestic water buffalo calves.[36] In the mountains of Sikkim, Asian golden cats reportedly prey on ghoral.[37]

Captive Asian golden cats kill small prey with the nape bite typical of cats. They also pluck birds larger than pigeons before beginning to feed. Their vocalizations include hissing, spitting, meowing, purring, growling, and gurgling. Other methods of communication observed in captive Asian golden cats include scent marking, urine spraying, raking trees and logs with claws, and rubbing of the head against various objects – much like a domestic cat.[2]

Reproduction edit

Not much is known about the reproductive behavior of this rather elusive cat in the wild. Most of what is known has been learned from cats in captivity.[38] Female Asian golden cats are sexually mature between 18 and 24 months, while males mature at 24 months. Females come into estrus every 39 days, at which time they leave markings and seek contact with the male by adopting receptive postures.[39] During intercourse, the male will seize the skin of the neck of the female with his teeth. After a gestation period of 78 to 80 days, the female gives birth in a sheltered place to a litter of one to three kittens. The kittens weigh 220 to 250 g (7.8 to 8.8 oz) at birth, but triple in size over the first eight weeks of life. They are born already possessing the adult coat pattern and open their eyes after six to twelve days.[2] In captivity, they live for up to twenty years.[40]

Threats edit

The Asian golden cat inhabits some of the fastest developing countries in the world, where it is increasingly threatened by habitat destruction following deforestation, along with a declining ungulate prey base. In Sumatra, it has been reported killed in revenge for preying on poultry. In Southeast Asia and China, it is threatened by poaching for the illegal wildlife trade.[1] This trade has the greatest potential to do maximum harm in minimal time.[22]

Illegal wildlife trade edit

Asian golden cats are poached mainly for their fur.[41] In Myanmar, 111 body parts from at least 110 individuals were observed in four markets surveyed between 1991 and 2006. Numbers were significantly greater than those of non-threatened species. Among the observed skins was one with rosettes. Three of the surveyed markets are situated on international borders with China and Thailand and cater to international buyers, although the Asian golden cat is completely protected under the country's national legislation. Effective implementation and enforcement of CITES is considered inadequate.[42]

Conservation edit

Pardofelis temminckii is included in CITES Appendix I and fully protected over most of its range. Hunting is prohibited in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam. Hunting is regulated in Laos. No information about protection status is available from Cambodia.[22] In Bhutan, it is protected only within the boundaries of protected areas.[21]

In captivity edit

As of December 2008, there were 20 Asian golden cats in eight European zoos participating in the European Endangered Species Programme. The pair in the German Wuppertal Zoo successfully bred in 2007, and in July 2008, two siblings were born and mother-reared. In 2008, a female kitten was also born in the French Parc des Félins. The species is also kept in the Singapore Zoo.[43] Apart from these, a few zoos in Southeast Asia and Australia also keep Asian golden cats.

Local names edit

In China, the Asian golden cat is thought to be a kind of leopard and is known as "rock cat" or "yellow leopard". Different colour phases have different names; those with black fur are called "inky leopards", and those with spotted coats are called "sesame leopards".[2]

In some regions of Thailand, the Asian golden cat is called Seua fai (Thai: เสือไฟ; "fire tiger"). According to a regional legend, the burning of an Asian golden cat's fur drives tigers away. Eating the flesh is believed to have the same effect. The Karen people believe that carrying a single hair of the cat is sufficient.[44] Many indigenous people believe the cat to be fierce, but in captivity it has been known to be docile and tranquil. In the south, it is called Kang kude (Thai: คางคูด) and believed to be a fierce animal that can hurt or eat livestock and larger animals such as elephants.[45]

References edit

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External links edit

 
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  • "Asiatic Golden Cat". IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group.

November 16, 2023
asian, golden, confused, with, african, golden, catopuma, temminckii, medium, sized, wild, native, northeastern, indian, subcontinent, southeast, asia, china, been, listed, near, threatened, iucn, list, since, 2008, threatened, poaching, habitat, destruction, . Not to be confused with African golden cat or Bay cat The Asian golden cat Catopuma temminckii is a medium sized wild cat native to the northeastern Indian subcontinent Southeast Asia and China It has been listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List since 2008 and is threatened by poaching and habitat destruction since Southeast Asian forests are undergoing the world s fastest regional deforestation 1 Asian golden catConservation statusNear Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix I CITES 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder CarnivoraSuborder FeliformiaFamily FelidaeSubfamily FelinaeGenus CatopumaSpecies C temminckiiBinomial nameCatopuma temminckii Vigors amp Horsfield 1827 Distribution of the Asian golden cat 2015 1 SynonymsPardofelis temminckiiThe Asian golden cat s scientific name honours Coenraad Jacob Temminck It is also called Temminck s cat and Asiatic golden cat 2 Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Phylogeny 2 Characteristics 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour and ecology 4 1 Reproduction 5 Threats 5 1 Illegal wildlife trade 6 Conservation 6 1 In captivity 7 Local names 8 References 9 External linksTaxonomy editFelis temmincki was the scientific name used in 1827 by Nicholas Aylward Vigors and Thomas Horsfield who described a reddish brown cat skin from Sumatra 3 Felis moormensis proposed by Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1831 was a young male cat caught alive by Moormi hunters in Nepal 4 Felis tristis proposed by Alphonse Milne Edwards in 1872 was a spotted Asian golden cat from China 5 It was subordinated to the genus Catopuma proposed by Nikolai Severtzov in 1853 6 Two subspecies are recognised as valid since 2017 7 C t temminckii occurs in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula C t moormensis occurs from Nepal eastwards to Southeast AsiaPhylogeny edit Phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear DNA in tissue samples from all Felidae species revealed that the evolutionary radiation of the Felidae began in Asia in the Miocene around 14 45 to 8 38 million years ago 8 9 Analysis of mitochondrial DNA of all Felidae species indicates a radiation at around 16 76 to 6 46 million years ago 10 The Asian golden cat forms an evolutionary lineage together with the bay cat C badia and the marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata which diverged from a common ancestor between 8 42 to 4 27 million years ago based on analysis of their nuclear DNA 8 9 Analysis of their mitochondrial DNA indicates a genetic divergence from their common ancestor between 8 47 to 0 41 million years ago 10 Both models agree that the marbled cat is the first species of this lineage that diverged while the Asian golden cat and the bay cat diverged from each other about 6 42 to 0 03 million years ago 8 10 The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic relationships of the Asian golden cat 8 9 10 Felidae Felinae Asian golden catBay catMarbled catother Felinae lineagesPantherinaeCharacteristics edit nbsp Illustration of skulls of Asian golden cat bottom and fishing cat top 11 nbsp A grey morph of the Asian golden cat Arunachal Pradesh IndiaThe Asian golden cat is a medium sized cat with a head to body length of 66 105 cm 26 41 in with a 40 57 cm 16 22 in long tail and is 56 cm 22 in tall at the shoulder In weight it ranges from 9 to 16 kg 20 to 35 lb which is about two or three times that of a domestic cat Felis catus 2 The Asian golden cat is polymorphic in colour Golden reddish brown and buff brown individuals were recorded in northeastern India and Bhutan 12 13 14 15 16 Reddish brown morphs were recorded in Sumatra 3 17 18 Melanistic individuals were recorded in the eastern Himalayas 12 13 19 and in Sumatra 17 A spotted Asian golden cat with large rosettes on shoulders flanks and hips was described for the first time based on a specimen from China in 1872 5 This morph was recorded in China Bhutan and in West Bengal s Buxa Tiger Reserve 20 21 16 Distribution and habitat editThe Asian golden cat ranges from eastern Nepal northeastern India and Bhutan to Bangladesh Myanmar Thailand Cambodia Laos Vietnam southern China Malaysia and Sumatra It prefers forest habitats interspersed with rocky areas and inhabits dry deciduous subtropical evergreen and tropical rainforests 22 Since an individual was caught alive in 1831 in Nepal the country was thought to be the westernmost part of the Asian golden cat s range 4 23 In the 21st century it was photographed in the country in May 2009 in Makalu Barun National Park at an elevation of 2 517 m 8 258 ft 19 In February 2019 it was also recorded in Gaurishankar Conservation Area at an elevation of 2 540 m 8 330 ft 24 In India Asian golden cats were recorded in temperate and subalpine forest in Sikkim s Khangchendzonga National Park up to an elevation of 3 960 m 12 990 ft 12 wet hill forest of Buxa Tiger Reserve for the first time in February 2018 at elevations of 1 025 and 1 355 m 3 363 and 4 446 ft 16 open grasslands of Assam s Manas National Park 25 the Khasi hills of Meghalaya 14 Mizoram s Dampa Tiger Reserve 26 Arunachal Pradesh s Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary Pakke Tiger Reserve Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary and Singchung Bugun Village Community Reserve 27 In Bhutan s Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park it was recorded by camera traps at an elevation of 3 738 m 12 264 ft 21 In northern Myanmar it was recorded in Hkakaborazi National Park 28 In 2015 it was recorded for the first time in the hill forests of Karen State 29 In Laos it also inhabits bamboo regrowth scrub and degraded forest from the Mekong plains to at least 1 100 m 3 600 ft 30 31 In China it was recorded in protected areas in the Qinling and Minshan Mountains between 2004 and 2009 32 Results of surveys in Sumatra indicated that it is more common than sympatric small cats suggesting that it is more numerous than thought before the turn of the 21st century It has been recorded in Kerinci Seblat Gunung Leuser and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Parks 17 33 34 Behaviour and ecology edit nbsp Asian golden cat with a piece of meatAsian golden cats are territorial and solitary Previous observations suggested that they are primarily nocturnal but a field study on two radio collared specimens revealed arrhythmic activity patterns dominated by crepuscular and diurnal activity peaks with much less activity late at night In the study the male s territory was 47 7 km2 18 4 sq mi in size and increased by more than 15 during the rainy season The female s territory was 32 6 km2 12 6 sq mi in size Both cats traveled between only 55 m 180 ft to more than 9 km 5 6 mi in a day and were more active in July than in March 35 Asian golden cats recorded in northeast India were active during the day with activity peaks around noon 27 Asian golden cats can climb trees when necessary They hunt birds hares rodents reptiles and small ungulates such as muntjacs and young sambar deer 22 They are capable of bringing down prey much larger than themselves such as domestic water buffalo calves 36 In the mountains of Sikkim Asian golden cats reportedly prey on ghoral 37 Captive Asian golden cats kill small prey with the nape bite typical of cats They also pluck birds larger than pigeons before beginning to feed Their vocalizations include hissing spitting meowing purring growling and gurgling Other methods of communication observed in captive Asian golden cats include scent marking urine spraying raking trees and logs with claws and rubbing of the head against various objects much like a domestic cat 2 Reproduction edit Not much is known about the reproductive behavior of this rather elusive cat in the wild Most of what is known has been learned from cats in captivity 38 Female Asian golden cats are sexually mature between 18 and 24 months while males mature at 24 months Females come into estrus every 39 days at which time they leave markings and seek contact with the male by adopting receptive postures 39 During intercourse the male will seize the skin of the neck of the female with his teeth After a gestation period of 78 to 80 days the female gives birth in a sheltered place to a litter of one to three kittens The kittens weigh 220 to 250 g 7 8 to 8 8 oz at birth but triple in size over the first eight weeks of life They are born already possessing the adult coat pattern and open their eyes after six to twelve days 2 In captivity they live for up to twenty years 40 Threats editThe Asian golden cat inhabits some of the fastest developing countries in the world where it is increasingly threatened by habitat destruction following deforestation along with a declining ungulate prey base In Sumatra it has been reported killed in revenge for preying on poultry In Southeast Asia and China it is threatened by poaching for the illegal wildlife trade 1 This trade has the greatest potential to do maximum harm in minimal time 22 Illegal wildlife trade edit Asian golden cats are poached mainly for their fur 41 In Myanmar 111 body parts from at least 110 individuals were observed in four markets surveyed between 1991 and 2006 Numbers were significantly greater than those of non threatened species Among the observed skins was one with rosettes Three of the surveyed markets are situated on international borders with China and Thailand and cater to international buyers although the Asian golden cat is completely protected under the country s national legislation Effective implementation and enforcement of CITES is considered inadequate 42 Conservation editPardofelis temminckii is included in CITES Appendix I and fully protected over most of its range Hunting is prohibited in Bangladesh China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Nepal Thailand and Vietnam Hunting is regulated in Laos No information about protection status is available from Cambodia 22 In Bhutan it is protected only within the boundaries of protected areas 21 In captivity edit As of December 2008 update there were 20 Asian golden cats in eight European zoos participating in the European Endangered Species Programme The pair in the German Wuppertal Zoo successfully bred in 2007 and in July 2008 two siblings were born and mother reared In 2008 a female kitten was also born in the French Parc des Felins The species is also kept in the Singapore Zoo 43 Apart from these a few zoos in Southeast Asia and Australia also keep Asian golden cats Local names editIn China the Asian golden cat is thought to be a kind of leopard and is known as rock cat or yellow leopard Different colour phases have different names those with black fur are called inky leopards and those with spotted coats are called sesame leopards 2 In some regions of Thailand the Asian golden cat is called Seua fai Thai esuxif fire tiger According to a regional legend the burning of an Asian golden cat s fur drives tigers away Eating the flesh is believed to have the same effect The Karen people believe that carrying a single hair of the cat is sufficient 44 Many indigenous people believe the cat to be fierce but in captivity it has been known to be docile and tranquil In the south it is called Kang kude Thai khangkhud and believed to be a fierce animal that can hurt or eat livestock and larger animals such as elephants 45 References edit a b c d e McCarthy J Dahal S Dhendup T Gray T N E Mukherjee S Rahman H Riordan P Boontua N amp Wilcox D 2015 Catopuma temminckii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 e T4038A97165437 Retrieved 15 January 2022 a b c d e Sunquist M amp Sunquist F 2002 Asiatic golden cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors and Horsfield 1827 Wild Cats of the World Chicago University of Chicago Press pp 52 56 ISBN 0 226 77999 8 a b Vigors N A amp Horsfield T 1827 Descriptions of two species of the genus Felis in the collections of the Zoological Society The Zoological Journal III 11 449 451 a b Hodgson B H 1831 Some Account of a new Species of Felis Gleanings in Science III 30 177 178 a b Milne Edwards A 1872 Felis tristis nov sp Etude pour servir a l histoire de la faune mammalogique de la Chine Recherches pour servir a l histoire des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux Paris G Masson pp 223 224 Severtzow M N 1858 Notice sur la classification multiseriale des Carnivores specialement des Felides et les etudes de zoologie generale qui s y rattachent Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee X 385 396 Kitchener A C Breitenmoser Wursten C Eizirik E Gentry A Werdelin L Wilting A Yamaguchi N Abramov A V Christiansen P Driscoll C Duckworth J W Johnson W Luo S J Meijaard E O Donoghue P Sanderson J Seymour K Bruford M Groves C Hoffmann M Nowell K Timmons Z amp Tobe S 2017 A revised taxonomy of the Felidae The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group PDF Cat News Special Issue 11 36 37 Archived PDF from the original on 2018 07 30 Retrieved 2018 06 15 a b c d Johnson W E Eizirik E Pecon Slattery J Murphy W J Antunes A Teeling E amp O Brien S J 2006 The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae A genetic assessment Science 311 5757 73 77 Bibcode 2006Sci 311 73J doi 10 1126 science 1122277 PMID 16400146 S2CID 41672825 Archived from the original on 2020 10 04 Retrieved 2019 06 29 a b c Werdelin L Yamaguchi N Johnson W E amp O Brien S J 2010 Phylogeny and evolution of cats Felidae In Macdonald D W amp Loveridge A J eds Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids Oxford UK Oxford University Press pp 59 82 ISBN 978 0 19 923445 5 Archived from the original on 2018 09 25 Retrieved 2019 04 14 a b c d Li G Davis B W Eizirik E amp Murphy W J 2016 Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats Felidae Genome Research 26 1 1 11 doi 10 1101 gr 186668 114 PMC 4691742 PMID 26518481 Pocock R I 1939 Genus Profelis Severtzow The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma Mammalia Volume 1 London Taylor and Francis Ltd pp 258 266 a b c Bashir T Bhattacharya T Poudyal K amp Sathyakumar S 2011 Notable observations on the melanistic Asiatic Golden cat Pardofelis temminckii of Sikkim India NeBIO 2 1 2 4 a b Jigme K 2011 Four colour morphs of and the altitudinal record of Asiatic Golden Cat in Bhutan Cat News 55 12 13 a b Nadig S R N Silva A P 2016 Small cats in the Himalayan foothills the Asian Golden Cat of Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary India PDF Small Wild Cat Conservation News 2 23 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 10 06 Retrieved 2017 01 01 Mukherjee S Choudhary P Arthreya R amp Karunakaran P V 2018 A tale of tails an attempt to decipher small cat distributions by tail lengths In Appel A Mukherjee S amp Cheyne S M eds Proceedings of the First International Small Wild Cat Conservation Summit 11 14 September 2017 United Kingdom Bad Marienberg Germany Coimbatore India Oxford United Kingdom Wild Cat Network Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Borneo Nature Foundation pp 11 12 Archived from the original on 30 March 2019 Retrieved 23 March 2019 a b c Ghose M Sharma D amp Murali N S 2019 First photographic evidence of polymorphic Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors amp Horsfield 1827 Mammalia Carnivora Felidae in Buxa Tiger Reserve West Bengal India Journal of Threatened Taxa 11 4 13502 13505 doi 10 11609 jott 4254 11 4 13502 13505 a b c Holden J 2001 Small cats in Kerinci Seblat National Park Sumatra Indonesia Cat News 35 11 14 Haidir I A Dinata Y Linkie M amp Macdonald D W 2013 Asiatic Golden Cat and Sunda Clouded Leopard occupancy in the Kerinci Seblat landscape west central Sumatra Cat News 59 7 10 a b Ghimirey Y amp Pal P 2009 First camera trap image of Asiatic golden cat in Nepal PDF Cat News 51 17 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 26 Retrieved 2017 07 10 Jutzeler E Xie Y amp Vogt K 2010 Asiatic Golden Cat in China Cat News Special Issue 5 40 41 a b c Wang S W 2007 A rare morph of the Asiatic golden cat in Bhutan s Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park Cat News 47 27 28 a b c d Nowell K Jackson P 1996 Asiatic golden cat Catopuma temmincki Vigors and Horsfield 1827 Wild Cats status survey and conservation action plan Gland Switzerland IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group pp 69 70 Ellerman J R Morrison Scott T C S 1966 Felis temmincki Vigors amp Horsfield 1827 Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 Second ed London British Museum pp 311 312 Koju N P Bashyal B Pandey B P Thami S Dhamala M K amp Shah S N 2020 New record on Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors amp Horsfield 1827 Mammalia Carnivora Felidae photographic evidence of its westernmost distribution in Gaurishankar Conservation Area Nepal Journal of Threatened Taxa 12 2 15256 15261 doi 10 11609 jott 5227 12 2 15256 15261 Choudhury A 2007 Sighting of Asiatic golden cat in the grasslands of Assam s Manas National Park Cat News 47 29 Gouda J Sethy J amp Chauhan N P S 2016 First photo capture of Asiatic golden cat in Dampa Tiger Reserve Mizoram India Cat News 64 26 27 a b Mukherjee S Singh P Silva A Ri C Kakati K Borah B Tapi T Kadur S Choudhary P Srikant S Nadig S Navya R Bjorklund R Ramakrishnan U 2019 Activity patterns of the small and medium felid Mammalia Carnivora Felidae guild in northeastern India Journal of Threatened Taxa 11 4 13432 13447 doi 10 11609 jott 4662 11 4 13432 13447 Rao M Than Myint Than Zaw Saw Htun 2005 Hunting patterns in tropical forests adjoining the Hkakaborazi National Park north Myanmar Oryx 39 3 292 300 doi 10 1017 S0030605305000724 Saw Sha Bwe Moo Froese G Z L Gray T N E 2017 First structured camera trap surveys in Karen State Myanmar reveal high diversity of globally threatened mammals Oryx 52 3 537 543 doi 10 1017 S0030605316001113 Duckworth J W Salter R E Khounboline K compilers 1999 Wildlife in Lao PDR 1999 Status Report PDF Vientiane IUCN The World Conservation Union Wildlife Conservation Society Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management Archived from the original PDF on 2011 10 04 Retrieved 2010 11 06 Johnson A Vongkhamheng C Saithongdam T 2009 The diversity status and conservation of small carnivores in a montane tropical forest in northern Laos PDF Oryx 43 4 626 633 doi 10 1017 S0030605309990238 Archived PDF from the original on 2017 08 10 Retrieved 2019 03 20 Li S Wang D Lu Z Mc Shea W J 2010 Cats living with pandas The status of wild felids within giant panda range China Cat News 52 20 23 Pusparini W Wibisono H T Reddy G V Tarmizi Bharata P 2014 Small and medium sized cats in Gunung Leuser National Park Sumatra Indonesia Cat News Special Issue 4 9 Weiskopf S R McCarthy J L McCarthy K P Shiklomanov A N Wibisono H T Pusparini W 2019 The conservation value of forest fragments in the increasingly agrarian landscape of Sumatra Environmental Conservation 46 4 340 346 doi 10 1017 S0376892919000195 Grassman Jr L I Tewes M E Silvy N J Kreetiyutanont K 2005 Ecology of three sympatric felids in a mixed evergreen forest in North central Thailand PDF Journal of Mammalogy 86 1 29 38 doi 10 1644 1545 1542 2005 086 lt 0029 EOTSFI gt 2 0 CO 2 Archived PDF from the original on 2023 03 07 Retrieved 2019 03 20 Tun Yin 1967 Wild animals of Burma Rangoon Gazette Ltd Rangoon Biswas B and Ghose R K 1982 Progress report 1 on pilot survey of the WWF India Zoological Survey of India collaborative project on the status survey of the lesser cats in eastern India Zoological Survey of India Calcutta Jones M L 1977 Record keeping and longevity of felids in captivity In Eaton R L ed The World s Cats Vol Volume 3 no 3 Seattle Carnivore Research Institute Burke Museum University of Washington Mellen J 1989 Reproductive behaviour of small captive cats Felisssp Ph D thesis Davis University of California Prator T Thomas W D Jones M Dee M 1988 A twenty year overview of selected rare carnivores in captivity In Dresser B Reece R Maruska E eds Proceedings of 5th world conference on breeding endangered species in captivity Cincinnati Ohio pp 191 229 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Lynam A J Round P Brockelman W Y 2006 Status of birds and large mammals of the Dong Phayayen Khao Yai Forest Complex Thailand PDF Bangkok Thailand Biodiversity Research and Training Program and Wildlife Conservation Society Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 27 Retrieved 2010 11 06 Shepherd C R Nijman V 2008 The wild cat trade in Myanmar PDF Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Archived PDF from the original on 2010 07 04 Retrieved 2010 11 06 EAZA Felid TAG 2009 EAZA Felid TAG Annual Report 2007 2008 Archived July 20 2011 at the Wayback Machine In EAZA Yearbook 2007 2008 European Association of Zoos and Aquaria Lekagul B McNeely J A 1977 Mammals of Thailand Bangkok Association for the Conservation of Wildlife esuxifkdchangtay Bangkokbiznews in Thai 2015 Archived from the original on 2017 08 01 Retrieved 2017 08 01 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Asian golden cat nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Catopuma temminckii Asiatic Golden Cat IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Asian golden cat amp oldid 1184715249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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