Telecommunications in Germany is highly developed. The German telecommunication market has been fully liberalized since January 1, 1998. Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to foreign countries. As a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly antiquated system of the eastern part of the country has been rapidly modernized to the most advanced technology. Deutsche Telekom began rolling out FTTH networks in ten cities in 2011, following the launch of pilot projects in Hennigsdorf, Braunschweig and Dresden in 2010.[1]
The German telecommunication network employs an extensive system of network elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centres, media gateways and signalling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fibre-optics or Microwave radio relay networks. The access network, which connects the subscribers to the core, is diversified with a variety of copper-pair, optic-fibre, and wireless technologies. The fixed-line telecommunications market is dominated by the former state-owned monopoly Deutsche Telekom. Since the mid-2000s, fixed-line installations have been in decline. Today's market players usually own and operate their own physical networks, which is a result of the previous state-owned monopoly. Such a player is termed an asset-based carrier. The number of suppliers is low as few companies have the ability to supply complex, reliable, and geographically extensive networks.
The mobile phone market in Germany is dominated by 3 main cellular operators: Telekom (a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom and branded as T-Mobile between 2002 and 2010), Vodafone, Telefónica Germany (branded as O2; and includes the former E-Plus network of Telefónica Germany).
Deutsche Telekom AG launched LTE in late 2010. Network roll out began following the "digital dividend" spectrum auction which ended May 20, 2010.[2] In December 2010 Vodafone Germany commercially launched its first LTE network in rural areas using 800 MHz it won in the May 2010 auction. In late 2011 the company began rolling out the network in metropolitan areas with the federal state's capital Düsseldorf has been selected as one location because Vodafone's development center is situated there and because of the city's extensive fibre-optic network, which will be used to connect LTE base stations. Krefeld has been chosen as a second LTE rollout location because it is relatively flat and only a few base stations would be required to cover its roughly 250,000 residents.[3]
Broadcasting in the Federal Republic of Germany is reserved under the Basic Law (constitution) to the states. This means that all public broadcasting is regionalised. National broadcasts must be aired through the national consortium of public broadcasters (ARD) or authorized by a treaty negotiated between the states.
The DSL infrastructure is highly developed. Cable internet based on DOCSIS technology was not available until the mid-2000s, because the cable television infrastructure was owned by Deutsche Telekom, which promoted DSL and neglected the cable network. It was sold after political pressure a few years ago,[when?] and is now owned by Kabel Deutschland and Unitymedia Kabel BW.
^Deutsche Telekom fibre plans?, Aug 26 2011, Advanced Television
^Deutsche Telekom first to deploy LTE in digital dividend spectrum, 22 October 2010
^Vodafone starting LTE city rollout, 29 June 2011, published in Telegrography
February 16, 2024
telecommunications, germany, highly, developed, german, telecommunication, market, been, fully, liberalized, since, january, 1998, germany, served, extensive, system, automatic, telephone, exchanges, connected, modern, networks, fiber, optic, cable, coaxial, c. Telecommunications in Germany is highly developed The German telecommunication market has been fully liberalized since January 1 1998 Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber optic cable coaxial cable microwave radio relay and a domestic satellite system cellular telephone service is widely available expanding rapidly and includes roaming service to foreign countries As a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification the formerly antiquated system of the eastern part of the country has been rapidly modernized to the most advanced technology Deutsche Telekom began rolling out FTTH networks in ten cities in 2011 following the launch of pilot projects in Hennigsdorf Braunschweig and Dresden in 2010 1 Contents 1 Fixed line telephony 2 Mobile phone 3 Radio 4 Internet 5 See also 6 ReferencesFixed line telephony editFixed line subscriber baseYear Subscribers millions 2002 53 72003 54 22004 54 52005 54 82006 54 32007 53 12008 51 02009 48 52010 46 5The German telecommunication network employs an extensive system of network elements such as digital telephone exchanges mobile switching centres media gateways and signalling gateways at the core interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fibre optics or Microwave radio relay networks The access network which connects the subscribers to the core is diversified with a variety of copper pair optic fibre and wireless technologies The fixed line telecommunications market is dominated by the former state owned monopoly Deutsche Telekom Since the mid 2000s fixed line installations have been in decline Today s market players usually own and operate their own physical networks which is a result of the previous state owned monopoly Such a player is termed an asset based carrier The number of suppliers is low as few companies have the ability to supply complex reliable and geographically extensive networks Fixed line market shareCompany MarketshareDeutsche Telekom 81 5 Vodafone 10 1 Versatel 2 6 Others 5 7 Mobile phone editSee also List of mobile network operators of Europe Germany The mobile phone market in Germany is dominated by 3 main cellular operators Telekom a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom and branded as T Mobile between 2002 and 2010 Vodafone Telefonica Germany branded as O2 and includes the former E Plus network of Telefonica Germany Deutsche Telekom AG launched LTE in late 2010 Network roll out began following the digital dividend spectrum auction which ended May 20 2010 2 In December 2010 Vodafone Germany commercially launched its first LTE network in rural areas using 800 MHz it won in the May 2010 auction In late 2011 the company began rolling out the network in metropolitan areas with the federal state s capital Dusseldorf has been selected as one location because Vodafone s development center is situated there and because of the city s extensive fibre optic network which will be used to connect LTE base stations Krefeld has been chosen as a second LTE rollout location because it is relatively flat and only a few base stations would be required to cover its roughly 250 000 residents 3 Radio editMain article Radio in Germany Broadcasting in the Federal Republic of Germany is reserved under the Basic Law constitution to the states This means that all public broadcasting is regionalised National broadcasts must be aired through the national consortium of public broadcasters ARD or authorized by a treaty negotiated between the states Internet editMain article Internet in Germany The DSL infrastructure is highly developed Cable internet based on DOCSIS technology was not available until the mid 2000s because the cable television infrastructure was owned by Deutsche Telekom which promoted DSL and neglected the cable network It was sold after political pressure a few years ago when and is now owned by Kabel Deutschland and Unitymedia Kabel BW See also editMedia of Germany ComNetsReferences edit Deutsche Telekom fibre plans Aug 26 2011 Advanced Television Deutsche Telekom first to deploy LTE in digital dividend spectrum 22 October 2010 Vodafone starting LTE city rollout 29 June 2011 published in Telegrography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Telecommunications in Germany amp oldid 1123214855, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
