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Strait of Tartary

November 24, 2023

Strait of Tartary or Gulf of Tartary (Russian: Татарский пролив; Chinese: 韃靼海峽; pinyin: Dádá hǎixiá; Japanese: 間宮海峡, romanized: Mamiya kaikyō, lit. 'Mamiya Strait'; Korean: 타타르 해협) is a strait in the Pacific Ocean dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin from mainland Asia (South-East Russia), connecting the Sea of Okhotsk on the north with the Sea of Japan on the south. It is 632 kilometres (393 mi) long, 7–342 kilometres (4.3–212.5 mi) wide, and less than 210 m (690 ft) deep at its deepest point.[1]

The Strait of Tartary connects the Sea of Okhotsk to the Sea of Japan.

History edit

 
The coasts of the "Channel of Tartary" were charted by La Pérouse in 1787. The land adjacent to it from the west was referred to at the time as the "Chinese Tartary"

Yuan dynasty edit

During the Yuan dynasty, the Yuan armies crossed the strait in the Mongol invasions of Sakhalin. Alleged remnants of a Chinese fort dating back to the Mongol Yuan era can be found in Sakhalin today.[citation needed]

"Tartary" is an older name used by Europeans to refer to a vast region covering Inner Asia, Central Asia and North Asia. The toponym is derived from the Medieval ethnonym Tartars, which was applied to various Turkic and Mongol semi-nomadic empires, including the Yuan dynasty that ruled over China and the straits of Northeast Asia.[2]

Qing dynasty edit

During the destruction of the Ming dynasty and rise of the Qing dynasty in 1644, the name "Tartars" became applied to the Manchus as well,[2] and Manchuria (and Mongolia) became known to the Europeans as the "Chinese Tartary".[3] Accordingly, when La Pérouse charted most of the strait between Sakhalin and the mainland "Chinese Tartary" in 1787, the body of water received the name of the Strait (or Channel, or Gulf) of Tartary.

In Japan, the strait is named after Mamiya Rinzō, who traveled to the strait in 1808[4] whereof the name was introduced by Philipp Franz von Siebold in his book Nippon: Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan (1832–54).

 
Early 18 c. French map depicting the Vries Strait and the Strait of Tartary.

On Russian maps, the short narrowest section of the strait (south of the mouth of the Amur) is called Nevelskoy Strait, after Admiral Gennady Nevelskoy, who explored the area in 1848; the body of water north of there, into which the Amur River flows, is the Amur Liman; and the name of "Strait of Tartary" is reserved for the largest section of the body of water, south of Nevelskoy Strait.

The Tartar Strait was a puzzle to European explorers since, when approached from the south, it becomes increasingly shallow and looks like the head of a bay. In 1787 La Perouse decided not to risk it and turned south even though locals had told him that Sakhalin was an island. In 1797 William Broughton also decided that the Gulf of Tartary was a bay and turned south. In 1805 Adam Johann von Krusenstern failed to penetrate the strait from the north. Mamiya Rinzō's journey of 1808 was little known to Europeans. Gennady Nevelskoy passed the strait from the north in 1848. The Russians kept this a secret and used it to evade a British fleet during the Crimean War.

Recent history edit

S-117 was a Soviet Shchuka class submarine that was lost on or about December 15, 1952, due to unknown causes in the Strait of Tartary in the Sea of Japan. The boat may have collided with a surface ship or struck a mine. All forty-seven crewmen died in the incident.

The southeastern part of the Strait of Tartary was the site of one of the tensest incidents of the Cold War, when on September 1, 1983, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, carrying 269 people including a sitting U.S. congressman, Larry McDonald, strayed into the Soviet air space and was attacked by a Soviet Su-15 interceptor just west of Sakhalin Island. The plane came down on the waters off the strait's only land mass, Moneron Island. An intensive naval search by the U.S. with assistance of Japanese and Korean vessels was carried on in a 225 square miles (580 km2) area of the strait just north of Moneron Island.

1956 causeway proposal edit

In 1956 the Soviet government proposed that a causeway be built at the Tartar Strait to block cold water from flowing into the Sea of Japan therefore raising the temperature in areas around the Sea of Japan. The Russians claimed it would raise the temperature of the Sea of Japan by an average of 35 °F (19.5 °C).[5]

Transportation edit

 
Vanino, here in early May 2008, is an important port on the Strait of Tartary
 
Map including the Tatar Strait

Since 1973, Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry operates across the strait, connecting the port of Vanino, Khabarovsk Krai on the mainland with Kholmsk on Sakhalin Island.[6][7]

Looking at the map, one could think that the Strait of Tartary would provide a convenient connection for boats sailing from the Sea of Japan to the Sea of Okhotsk, e.g. from Vanino to Magadan. However, according to the SASCO that operates that shipping line, their ships rarely travel that way. The usual winter route from Vanino to Magadan is via Tsugaru Strait, and around Hokkaido; the usual summer route, is via La Pérouse Strait and around Sakhalin. Only when coming back from Magadan to Vanino with a low load and in good weather would the ships travel along the shortest route, i.e., via the Amur Liman, Nevelskoy Strait, and the Strait of Tartary proper (which SASCO calls the "Strait of Sakhalin" – Sakhalinsky Proliv).[8]

A tunnel under the strait, to provide a road and/or rail connection between Sakhalin and the mainland, was begun under Joseph Stalin, but abandoned incomplete after his death.[9] Renewed calls for either a tunnel or a bridge have been made by politicians in recent years.[10]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Tatar Strait". www.britannica.com/. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b Starting since the first book about the Manchu conquest: Martino Martini, De Bello Tartarico Historia. Antwerp 1654
  3. ^ For example, Jean-Baptiste Du Halde,
    Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise (La Haye: H. Scheurleer, 1736)
  4. ^ . Vintage-Views.com. Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
  5. ^ Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. June 1956. p. 135. Retrieved 2012-12-01 – via Internet Archive. 1954 Popular Mechanics January.
  6. ^ [1] June 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ [Vanino-Kholmsk line] (in Russian). Sasco.ru. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
  8. ^ [Vanino-Magadan line] (in Russian). Sasco.ru. 2012-11-15. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
  9. ^ "СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО № 506". www.sakhalin.ru.
  10. ^ . St Petersburg Times. 28 November 2000. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2012.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tatar Strait.
  • Parusa.narod.ru: Tatar Strait—Strait of Tartary—(in Russian)

52°11′00″N 141°37′00″E / 52.18333°N 141.61667°E / 52.18333; 141.61667

November 24, 2023
strait, tartary, gulf, tartary, russian, Татарский, пролив, chinese, 韃靼海峽, pinyin, dádá, hǎixiá, japanese, 間宮海峡, romanized, mamiya, kaikyō, mamiya, strait, korean, 타타르, 해협, strait, pacific, ocean, dividing, russian, island, sakhalin, from, mainland, asia, sout. Strait of Tartary or Gulf of Tartary Russian Tatarskij proliv Chinese 韃靼海峽 pinyin Dada hǎixia Japanese 間宮海峡 romanized Mamiya kaikyō lit Mamiya Strait Korean 타타르 해협 is a strait in the Pacific Ocean dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin from mainland Asia South East Russia connecting the Sea of Okhotsk on the north with the Sea of Japan on the south It is 632 kilometres 393 mi long 7 342 kilometres 4 3 212 5 mi wide and less than 210 m 690 ft deep at its deepest point 1 The Strait of Tartary connects the Sea of Okhotsk to the Sea of Japan Contents 1 History 1 1 Yuan dynasty 1 2 Qing dynasty 1 3 Recent history 2 1956 causeway proposal 3 Transportation 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory edit nbsp The coasts of the Channel of Tartary were charted by La Perouse in 1787 The land adjacent to it from the west was referred to at the time as the Chinese Tartary Yuan dynasty edit During the Yuan dynasty the Yuan armies crossed the strait in the Mongol invasions of Sakhalin Alleged remnants of a Chinese fort dating back to the Mongol Yuan era can be found in Sakhalin today citation needed Tartary is an older name used by Europeans to refer to a vast region covering Inner Asia Central Asia and North Asia The toponym is derived from the Medieval ethnonym Tartars which was applied to various Turkic and Mongol semi nomadic empires including the Yuan dynasty that ruled over China and the straits of Northeast Asia 2 Qing dynasty edit During the destruction of the Ming dynasty and rise of the Qing dynasty in 1644 the name Tartars became applied to the Manchus as well 2 and Manchuria and Mongolia became known to the Europeans as the Chinese Tartary 3 Accordingly when La Perouse charted most of the strait between Sakhalin and the mainland Chinese Tartary in 1787 the body of water received the name of the Strait or Channel or Gulf of Tartary In Japan the strait is named after Mamiya Rinzō who traveled to the strait in 1808 4 whereof the name was introduced by Philipp Franz von Siebold in his book Nippon Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan 1832 54 nbsp Early 18 c French map depicting the Vries Strait and the Strait of Tartary On Russian maps the short narrowest section of the strait south of the mouth of the Amur is called Nevelskoy Strait after Admiral Gennady Nevelskoy who explored the area in 1848 the body of water north of there into which the Amur River flows is the Amur Liman and the name of Strait of Tartary is reserved for the largest section of the body of water south of Nevelskoy Strait The Tartar Strait was a puzzle to European explorers since when approached from the south it becomes increasingly shallow and looks like the head of a bay In 1787 La Perouse decided not to risk it and turned south even though locals had told him that Sakhalin was an island In 1797 William Broughton also decided that the Gulf of Tartary was a bay and turned south In 1805 Adam Johann von Krusenstern failed to penetrate the strait from the north Mamiya Rinzō s journey of 1808 was little known to Europeans Gennady Nevelskoy passed the strait from the north in 1848 The Russians kept this a secret and used it to evade a British fleet during the Crimean War Recent history edit S 117 was a Soviet Shchuka class submarine that was lost on or about December 15 1952 due to unknown causes in the Strait of Tartary in the Sea of Japan The boat may have collided with a surface ship or struck a mine All forty seven crewmen died in the incident The southeastern part of the Strait of Tartary was the site of one of the tensest incidents of the Cold War when on September 1 1983 Korean Air Lines Flight 007 carrying 269 people including a sitting U S congressman Larry McDonald strayed into the Soviet air space and was attacked by a Soviet Su 15 interceptor just west of Sakhalin Island The plane came down on the waters off the strait s only land mass Moneron Island An intensive naval search by the U S with assistance of Japanese and Korean vessels was carried on in a 225 square miles 580 km2 area of the strait just north of Moneron Island 1956 causeway proposal editIn 1956 the Soviet government proposed that a causeway be built at the Tartar Strait to block cold water from flowing into the Sea of Japan therefore raising the temperature in areas around the Sea of Japan The Russians claimed it would raise the temperature of the Sea of Japan by an average of 35 F 19 5 C 5 Transportation edit nbsp Vanino here in early May 2008 is an important port on the Strait of Tartary nbsp Map including the Tatar StraitSince 1973 Vanino Kholmsk train ferry operates across the strait connecting the port of Vanino Khabarovsk Krai on the mainland with Kholmsk on Sakhalin Island 6 7 Looking at the map one could think that the Strait of Tartary would provide a convenient connection for boats sailing from the Sea of Japan to the Sea of Okhotsk e g from Vanino to Magadan However according to the SASCO that operates that shipping line their ships rarely travel that way The usual winter route from Vanino to Magadan is via Tsugaru Strait and around Hokkaido the usual summer route is via La Perouse Strait and around Sakhalin Only when coming back from Magadan to Vanino with a low load and in good weather would the ships travel along the shortest route i e via the Amur Liman Nevelskoy Strait and the Strait of Tartary proper which SASCO calls the Strait of Sakhalin Sakhalinsky Proliv 8 A tunnel under the strait to provide a road and or rail connection between Sakhalin and the mainland was begun under Joseph Stalin but abandoned incomplete after his death 9 Renewed calls for either a tunnel or a bridge have been made by politicians in recent years 10 See also editKorean Air Lines Flight 007References edit Tatar Strait www britannica com Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 20 January 2021 a b Starting since the first book about the Manchu conquest Martino Martini De Bello Tartarico Historia Antwerp 1654 For example Jean Baptiste Du Halde Description geographique historique chronologique politique et physique de l empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise La Haye H Scheurleer 1736 MAMIYA RINZO STRAIT Asiatic Russia Antique Prints and Antique Maps from Vintage Views com Archived from the original on 2008 11 21 Retrieved 2012 12 01 Popular Mechanics Hearst Magazines June 1956 p 135 Retrieved 2012 12 01 via Internet Archive 1954 Popular Mechanics January 1 Archived June 11 2011 at the Wayback Machine Liniya Vanino Kholmsk Liniya Vanino Holmsk Vanino Kholmsk line in Russian Sasco ru Archived from the original on 2012 02 27 Retrieved 2012 12 01 Liniya Vanino Magadan Liniya Vanino Magadan Vanino Magadan line in Russian Sasco ru 2012 11 15 Archived from the original on 2012 02 27 Retrieved 2012 12 01 STROITELSTVO 506 www sakhalin ru Plan for Tunnel to Sakhalin Unveiled St Petersburg Times 28 November 2000 Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 Retrieved 15 August 2012 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tatar Strait Parusa narod ru Tatar Strait Strait of Tartary in Russian 52 11 00 N 141 37 00 E 52 18333 N 141 61667 E 52 18333 141 61667 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Strait of Tartary amp oldid 1176940223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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