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Taito (kanji)

October 21, 2023

This article contains uncommon Unicode characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of the intended characters.

Taito, daito, or otodo (𱁬/) is a kokuji ("kanji character invented in Japan") written with 84 strokes, and thus the most graphically complex CJK character—collectively referring to Chinese characters and derivatives used in the written Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages. This rare and complex character graphically places the 36-stroke tai 䨺 (with tripled 雲 "cloud"), meaning "cloudy", above the 48-stroke tō 龘 (tripled 龍 "dragon") "appearance of a dragon in flight". The second most complicated CJK character is the 58-stroke Chinese biáng (𰻞/), which was invented for Biangbiang noodles "a Shaanxi-style Chinese noodle".

Variant 1: daito or otodo
Variant 2: taito

Composition Edit

The Chinese character components for taito are both compound ideographs created by reduplicating a common character, namely the 12-stroke Japanese kumo or Chinese yún 雲 "cloud" (with the "rain radical" 雨 and un or yún 云 phonetic), and the 16-stroke "dragon radical" Japanese ryū or Chinese lóng 龍. The 雲 "cloud" character is tripled into 36-stroke tai or duì 䨺 "cloudy" and quadrupled into 48-stroke dō or nóng 𩇔 "widely cloudy"; the 龍 "dragon" character is interchangeably doubled or tripled into 32- or 48-stroke tō or dá 龖 or 龘 "appearance of a dragon in flight" and quadrupled into 64-stroke tō or zhé 𪚥 "chattering; be garrulous".

The taito, daito, or otodo character has two graphic variants (see images), the principal difference being the placement of the first dragon character. In version 1 (read either daito or otodo), the first dragon is written between the second and third cloud characters, starting at the 25th stroke. In version 2 (read taito), the first dragon is written after the third cloud character, starting at the 37th stroke.

These triple dragon 龘 and triple cloud 䨺 logographs typify a type of CJK character formation. Several scholars have explained Chinese writing with a chemical bond analogy of Chinese character radicals as "atoms" that join together to form characters as "molecules". Some illustrations of "atomic structures" in Chinese characters are

  • nǚ 女 "woman", nuán 奻 "quarrel" , jiāo 㚣 (=姣) "beautiful", and jiān 姦 "adultery; illicit sexual relations"
  • mù 木 "tree", lín 林 "woods; grove", and sēn 森 "forest"
  • ěr 耳 "ear", dié 聑 "settle a price", and niè 聶 (=囁) "mumble; whisper" (or Niè 聶, a surname)
  • tián 田 "field", jiāng 畕 (=畺) "dykes between fields", and léi 畾 "spaces between fields"

The British historian of Chinese science Joseph Needham (1954: 31) explained, "To the natural scientist approaching the study of Chinese, a helpful analogy is possible with chemical molecules and atoms—the characters may be considered roughly as so many molecules composed of the various permutations and combinations of a set of 214 atoms" (i.e., the 214 Kangxi radicals). Lexicographer Jack Halpern (1981: 73) similarly said, "The essence of the scheme is that the formation of Chinese characters can be likened to the way atoms combine to form the more complex molecules of compounds." The American linguist Michael Carr (1986: 79) examined the best-case example of semantic "crystal characters" invented by repeating a radical, much like atoms forming crystal patterns—in the sense of rì 日 the "sun radical" in chāng 昌 "sunlight; prosperous", xuān 昍 "bright", and jīng 晶 "bright; crystal". Carr (1986: 82-3) further distinguished "natural" crystal characters that occur in standard, written Chinese (citing the above example of dá 龖 "appearance of a dragon in flight" from the 龍 "dragon radical") versus "synthetic" or "artificial" ones that are restricted to Chinese dictionaries (dá 龘 "appearance of a dragon in flight" and zhé 𪚥 "chatter"), which "are graphic ghosts from previous dictionaries, and unattested in actual usage."

Usage Edit

 
Daito on a shop in Tsukuba

Some specialized Japanese dictionaries include the taito, daito, or otodo characters. Ono and Fujita's (1977) dictionary of Japanese names with difficult readings enters variant 1 pronounced daito or otodo. Ōsuga's (1964) surname dictionary and Sugaware and Hida's (1990) kokuji dictionary include graphic variant 2 pronounced taito.

This 84-stroke dictionary ghost word became a real Japanese name in 2000 when a ramen shop near the Kita-Matsudo Station in Chiba Prefecture was named using character variant 1 pronounced Otodo (Sasahara 2001).

Chinese dictionaries Edit

Unabridged dictionaries of Chinese characters do not include either Japanese 84-stroke taito variant. Both Morohashi Tetsuji's Chinese-Japanese Dai Kan-Wa jiten, which has 49,964 head entries for characters, and the Chinese Hanyu Da Zidian (1989), which has 54,678, list the three most graphically complex characters as the 52-stroke Japanese hō or bō and Chinese bèng 䨻 "sound of thunder" (with quadruple 雷 "thunder"; 1960: 12693, 1989 6: 4085), 64-stroke tetsu or techi and zhé 𪚥 "chatter; be garrulous" (with quadruple 龍 "dragon"; 13747, 7: 4806), and 64-stroke sei and zhéng 𠔻 "meaning unknown" (with quadruple 興 "rise"; 9816, 1: 254)—the first occurrence of the ghost word 𠔻 was in Sima Guang's (1066) Leipian dictionary, which gives the pronunciation gloss zhèng 政 but no semantic gloss.

Encoding Edit

Some extensive encoding systems for Japanese kanji (preceding Unicode) include taito variant character 2. The superseded Mojikyo font, which comprised 142,228 rare and obsolete characters, included it as number [066147]. The deprecated BTRON Business computer architecture TRON project (TRON stands for "The Real-time Operating system Nucleus") also included taito [3-7D6B], and it was included in the font under development by the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies's Jitī shotai GT書体 project.

In December 2015 it was included in document IRGN2107 as one of 1,640 characters submitted to the Ideographic Rapporteur Group for encoding in Unicode (character source reference UTC-02960).[1] The character was provisionally included in "IRG Working Set 2015", which are candidates for inclusion in a future CJK Unified Ideographs extension.[2]

This character was added to Unicode version 13.0 in March 2020. The character is located at U+3106C (𱁬) in the CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G block in the newly-allocated Tertiary Ideographic Plane.[3]

References Edit

  1. ^ "IRGN2107R: UK Submission for IRG Working Set 2015". Ideographic Rapporteur Group. 12 December 2015.
  2. ^ "IRGN2133: CJK Working Set 2015 v1.1". Ideographic Rapporteur Group. 23 January 2016.
  3. ^ "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G" (PDF). Unicode. 11 March 2020. p. 454.
  • Carr, Michael (1986), "Semantic Crystals in Chinese Characters", Review of Liberal Arts (人文研究), 71:79-97.
  • Halpern, Jack (1981), "The Sound of One Land" (part 9), "A Method in the Madness" PHP, December 1981: 73–80.
  • Hanyu da zidian weiyuanhui 漢語大字典委員會, eds. (1989), Hanyu Da Zidian 漢語大字典 [Comprehensive Chinese Character Dictionary], 8 vols., Hubei cishu chubanshe and Sichuan cishu chubanshe. (in Chinese)
  • Morohashi Tetsuji (1960), Dai Kan-Wa jiten 大漢和辞典 [Comprehensive Chinese-Japanese Character Dictionary], 13 vols.,Taishukan. (in Japanese)
  • Needham, Joseph (1954), Science and Civilisation in China, Introductory Orientations, vol. 1, Cambridge University Press.
  • Ōno, Shirō 大野史朗 and Fujita, Yutaka 藤田豊 (1977), Nandoku seishi jiten 難読姓氏辞典 [Dictionary of Names with Difficult Readings], Tōkyōdō Shuppan. (in Japanese)
  • Ōsuga, Tsuruhiko 大須賀鶴彦 (1964), Jitsuyō seishi jiten 実用姓氏辞典 Practical Dictionary of Surnames, Mēringu. (in Japanese)
  • Sasahara Hiroyuki 笹原宏之 (2011), 漢字の現在 第82回 幽霊文字からキョンシー文字へ？ [From ghost character to vampire character?], 三省堂辞書サイト Sanseido Word-Wise Web, 8 February 2011. (in Japanese)
  • Sugawara, Yoshizō 菅原義三 and Hida, Yoshifumi 飛田良文 (1990), Kokuji no jiten 国字の字典 [Dictionary of Kokuji], Tōkyōdō. (in Japanese)

External links Edit

  •   Media related to Taito (kanji) at Wikimedia Commons
  •   The dictionary definition of 𱁬 at Wiktionary
  • character 66147, Mojikyo entry for variant 2
  • character GT-57123 or u2ff1-u4a3a-u9f98, GT entry for variant 2, GlyphWiki

October 21, 2023
taito, kanji, this, article, contains, uncommon, unicode, characters, without, proper, rendering, support, question, marks, boxes, other, symbols, instead, intended, characters, taito, daito, otodo, 𱁬, kokuji, kanji, character, invented, japan, written, with, . This article contains uncommon Unicode characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of the intended characters Taito daito or otodo 𱁬 is a kokuji kanji character invented in Japan written with 84 strokes and thus the most graphically complex CJK character collectively referring to Chinese characters and derivatives used in the written Chinese Japanese and Korean languages This rare and complex character graphically places the 36 stroke tai 䨺 with tripled 雲 cloud meaning cloudy above the 48 stroke tō 龘 tripled 龍 dragon appearance of a dragon in flight The second most complicated CJK character is the 58 stroke Chinese biang 𰻞 which was invented for Biangbiang noodles a Shaanxi style Chinese noodle Variant 1 daito or otodoVariant 2 taito Contents 1 Composition 2 Usage 3 Chinese dictionaries 4 Encoding 5 References 6 External linksComposition EditThe Chinese character components for taito are both compound ideographs created by reduplicating a common character namely the 12 stroke Japanese kumo or Chinese yun 雲 cloud with the rain radical 雨 and un or yun 云 phonetic and the 16 stroke dragon radical Japanese ryu or Chinese long 龍 The 雲 cloud character is tripled into 36 stroke tai or dui 䨺 cloudy and quadrupled into 48 stroke dō or nong 𩇔 widely cloudy the 龍 dragon character is interchangeably doubled or tripled into 32 or 48 stroke tō or da 龖 or 龘 appearance of a dragon in flight and quadrupled into 64 stroke tō or zhe 𪚥 chattering be garrulous The taito daito or otodo character has two graphic variants see images the principal difference being the placement of the first dragon character In version 1 read either daito or otodo the first dragon is written between the second and third cloud characters starting at the 25th stroke In version 2 read taito the first dragon is written after the third cloud character starting at the 37th stroke These triple dragon 龘 and triple cloud 䨺 logographs typify a type of CJK character formation Several scholars have explained Chinese writing with a chemical bond analogy of Chinese character radicals as atoms that join together to form characters as molecules Some illustrations of atomic structures in Chinese characters are nǚ 女 woman nuan 奻 quarrel jiao 㚣 姣 beautiful and jian 姦 adultery illicit sexual relations mu 木 tree lin 林 woods grove and sen 森 forest er 耳 ear die 聑 settle a price and nie 聶 囁 mumble whisper or Nie 聶 a surname tian 田 field jiang 畕 畺 dykes between fields and lei 畾 spaces between fields The British historian of Chinese science Joseph Needham 1954 31 explained To the natural scientist approaching the study of Chinese a helpful analogy is possible with chemical molecules and atoms the characters may be considered roughly as so many molecules composed of the various permutations and combinations of a set of 214 atoms i e the 214 Kangxi radicals Lexicographer Jack Halpern 1981 73 similarly said The essence of the scheme is that the formation of Chinese characters can be likened to the way atoms combine to form the more complex molecules of compounds The American linguist Michael Carr 1986 79 examined the best case example of semantic crystal characters invented by repeating a radical much like atoms forming crystal patterns in the sense of ri 日 the sun radical in chang 昌 sunlight prosperous xuan 昍 bright and jing 晶 bright crystal Carr 1986 82 3 further distinguished natural crystal characters that occur in standard written Chinese citing the above example of da 龖 appearance of a dragon in flight from the 龍 dragon radical versus synthetic or artificial ones that are restricted to Chinese dictionaries da 龘 appearance of a dragon in flight and zhe 𪚥 chatter which are graphic ghosts from previous dictionaries and unattested in actual usage Usage Edit nbsp Daito on a shop in TsukubaSome specialized Japanese dictionaries include the taito daito or otodo characters Ono and Fujita s 1977 dictionary of Japanese names with difficult readings enters variant 1 pronounced daito or otodo Ōsuga s 1964 surname dictionary and Sugaware and Hida s 1990 kokuji dictionary include graphic variant 2 pronounced taito This 84 stroke dictionary ghost word became a real Japanese name in 2000 when a ramen shop near the Kita Matsudo Station in Chiba Prefecture was named using character variant 1 pronounced Otodo Sasahara 2001 Chinese dictionaries EditUnabridged dictionaries of Chinese characters do not include either Japanese 84 stroke taito variant Both Morohashi Tetsuji s Chinese Japanese Dai Kan Wa jiten which has 49 964 head entries for characters and the Chinese Hanyu Da Zidian 1989 which has 54 678 list the three most graphically complex characters as the 52 stroke Japanese hō or bō and Chinese beng 䨻 sound of thunder with quadruple 雷 thunder 1960 12693 1989 6 4085 64 stroke tetsu or techi and zhe 𪚥 chatter be garrulous with quadruple 龍 dragon 13747 7 4806 and 64 stroke sei and zheng 𠔻 meaning unknown with quadruple 興 rise 9816 1 254 the first occurrence of the ghost word 𠔻 was in Sima Guang s 1066 Leipian dictionary which gives the pronunciation gloss zheng 政 but no semantic gloss Encoding EditSome extensive encoding systems for Japanese kanji preceding Unicode include taito variant character 2 The superseded Mojikyo font which comprised 142 228 rare and obsolete characters included it as number 066147 The deprecated BTRON Business computer architecture TRON project TRON stands for The Real time Operating system Nucleus also included taito 3 7D6B and it was included in the font under development by the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies s Jiti shotai GT書体 project In December 2015 it was included in document IRGN2107 as one of 1 640 characters submitted to the Ideographic Rapporteur Group for encoding in Unicode character source reference UTC 02960 1 The character was provisionally included in IRG Working Set 2015 which are candidates for inclusion in a future CJK Unified Ideographs extension 2 This character was added to Unicode version 13 0 in March 2020 The character is located at U 3106C 𱁬 in the CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G block in the newly allocated Tertiary Ideographic Plane 3 References Edit IRGN2107R UK Submission for IRG Working Set 2015 Ideographic Rapporteur Group 12 December 2015 IRGN2133 CJK Working Set 2015 v1 1 Ideographic Rapporteur Group 23 January 2016 CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G PDF Unicode 11 March 2020 p 454 Carr Michael 1986 Semantic Crystals in Chinese Characters Review of Liberal Arts 人文研究 71 79 97 Halpern Jack 1981 The Sound of One Land part 9 A Method in the Madness PHP December 1981 73 80 Hanyu da zidian weiyuanhui 漢語大字典委員會 eds 1989 Hanyu Da Zidian 漢語大字典 Comprehensive Chinese Character Dictionary 8 vols Hubei cishu chubanshe and Sichuan cishu chubanshe in Chinese Morohashi Tetsuji 1960 Dai Kan Wa jiten 大漢和辞典 Comprehensive Chinese Japanese Character Dictionary 13 vols Taishukan in Japanese Needham Joseph 1954 Science and Civilisation in China Introductory Orientations vol 1 Cambridge University Press Ōno Shirō 大野史朗 and Fujita Yutaka 藤田豊 1977 Nandoku seishi jiten 難読姓氏辞典 Dictionary of Names with Difficult Readings Tōkyōdō Shuppan in Japanese Ōsuga Tsuruhiko 大須賀鶴彦 1964 Jitsuyō seishi jiten 実用姓氏辞典 Practical Dictionary of Surnames Meringu in Japanese Sasahara Hiroyuki 笹原宏之 2011 漢字の現在 第82回 幽霊文字からキョンシー文字へ From ghost character to vampire character 三省堂辞書サイト Sanseido Word Wise Web 8 February 2011 in Japanese Sugawara Yoshizō 菅原義三 and Hida Yoshifumi 飛田良文 1990 Kokuji no jiten 国字の字典 Dictionary of Kokuji Tōkyōdō in Japanese External links Edit nbsp Media related to Taito kanji at Wikimedia Commons nbsp The dictionary definition of 𱁬 at Wiktionary character 66147 Mojikyo entry for variant 2 character GT 57123 or u2ff1 u4a3a u9f98 GT entry for variant 2 GlyphWiki Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Taito kanji amp oldid 1167452740, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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