Tahtacı
Tahtacı (Turkish: Tahtacılar, lit. 'woodworkers') are a Turkic people living mainly in the forested areas of Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey.
Tahtacılar | |
|---|---|
Tahtacı women | |
| Total population | |
| 300,000–500,000[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Turkey; Mediterranean Region, Aegean Region | |
| Languages | |
| Turkish | |
| Religion | |
| Islam (Alevism) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Turkish people and other Turkic peoples |
They are alleged to be descendants of the historical Ağaçeri (lit. 'Forest man') tribe, who are the supposed descendants of the Akatziri tribe that lived north of the Black Sea in the 5th century AD.[2][3] However, Golden argued that this thesis was not "firmly grounded in anything beyond phonetic resemblance".[4]
Tahtacıs engage woodworking since the Ottoman periods.[5]
History edit
Tahtacı originate from the Üçok (lit. 'three arrow') Turkomans.[6] The Tahtacı in Taurus mountains felled timber, which was then sent from Antalya, Alanya, Finike and other ports. The export of timber was a government monopoly, custom receipts from timber and pitch reaching about 3,500 gold ducats in 1477.[7]: 128
When Timur took Turkestan and Greater Khorasan under his rule, some of the Agaceris, who had to leave their homeland, settled in Iran and the majority in Anatolia. According to some other sources, a great migration wave took place in 466, and the Agaceri tribes belonging to the Huns came and settled in Anatolia. After the invasion of Anatolia by the Mongols, Agaceris who came here migrated to Syria and Iraq this time to hide from the Mongols. It is accepted that some of them returned to Anatolia in 1405 after Timur's death and were known as 'Tahtacı' from this period. It is known that Mehmed the Conqueror brought Tahtacı people from the villages in the Kaz Mountains of Balıkesir for the construction of the ships used during the conquest of Istanbul in 1453.[8] In the written sources, the name Tahtacı is first encountered in the Ottoman tax population cadastral registers in the 16th century as Cemāat-ı Tahtacıyān (lit. 'woodworker community').[9]
After the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, Ottoman Empire under the rule of Selim I started targeting Alevis. This has caused Tahtacı people to move their already secluded lives even to a further extent in forestry areas of Southern and Western Anatolia. As the minority Shiites under Sunni rule of the Ottoman Empire, they frequently requested help and protection from the Safavids, the only Shiite state of the time, and the Ottomans' neighbor and enemy.[10]
Settlement areas in Turkey edit
Tahtacıs mainly live in Mersin, Adana, Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Burdur, Muğla, Aydın, İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir and Çanakkale.[11]
Villages in Mersin Province:
- Toroslar: Dalakderesi, Düğdüören, Bekiralanı, Kuzucubelen
- Erdemli: Tömük
- Silifke: Sayağzı, Kırtıl
- Mut: Yazalanı, Kayabaşı, Keleceköy, Kamaçukuru Köprübaşı
- Tarsus: Çamalan, Kaburgediği
- Anamur: Kaşdişlen
- Bozyazı: Çubukkoyağı, Bahçekoyağı, Tekedüzü
Villages in Antalya Province:
- Elmalı: Akçainiş
- Finike: Alacadağ, Arifköy, Gökbük
- Kumluca: Beşikçi, Hızırkahya, Toptaş
- Manavgat: Dolbazlar, Sağırin
Villages in Balıkesir Province:
- Balıkesir: Türkali
- Burhaniye: Pelitköy, Tahtacı, Taşçılar
- Edremit: Arıtaşı, Çamcı, Doyran, Hacıhasanlar, Kavlaklar, Kızılçukur, Mehmetalan, Poyratlı, Tahtakuşlar, Yassıçalı
- Kepsut: Mehmetler
- Savaştepe: Kongurca
Villages in Çanakkale Province:
- Çanakkale Province: Akçeşme, Aykınoba, Çiftlikdere, Damyeri, Daşbaşı, Değirmendere, Denizgöründü, Elmacık, Gürecik, Kayadere, Kemerdere, Yenimahalle
- Ayvacık: Bahçedere, Çakalini, Çiftlik, Durdağı, Güzelköy, Kokulutaş, Kıztaşı, Uzunalan
- Bayramiç: Güven, Karıncalı
- Ezine: Derbentbaşı, Eğridere, Koşuburun
Villages in Gaziantep Province:
Religion edit
Tahtacı are Alevi Turkomans.[15] Although there is evidence of Shamanism in their beliefs and lifestyles, this culture they preserve has blended with and heavily influenced Alevi beliefs and customs over the course of History. Tahtacı Turkomans put their favourite items and clothes in their graves, which is an example of their shamanistic customs.[16] Ahmad Yasawi and Pir Sultan Abdal among others are some of the most respected religious figures among Tahtacı.[17] Bektashism was particularly strong among the Turkomans of Taurus mountains (principally the Tahtaci and Varsak tribes).[7]: 194
Culture edit
Tahtacı have always lived together with nature throughout history. They have a great cultural richness with their clothing, handicrafts and food cultures. In terms of customs and traditions, they carry traces of Central Asian Turkish culture. Tahtacı men and women work together in woodworking, which they pursue as a craft. Some people, due to the decreasing public pressure after the declaration of the Republic, divided into various occupational groups.[18]
Notable Tahtacı edit
- Musa Eroğlu, folk musician and bağlama virtuoso.
References edit
- ^ Kuşçi, Ahmet. "ORTA TOROS TAHTACILARI (TARİH VE KÜLTÜR)" (PDF).
- ^ "TAHTACILAR Batı ve Güney Anadolu'da bulunan Alevî inançlı Türkmen topluluğu.". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. 1988–2016.
- ^ Faruk Sümer (1988–2016). "AĞAÇERİLER XIII-XV. yüzyıllarda Maraş-Elbistan ve Malatya yörelerinde yaşayan büyük bir Türkmen topluluğu". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
- ^ Golden, Peter B. (2011). Hriban, Cǎtǎlin (ed.). Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes. p. 136.
- ^ Erol Duran (2013). International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic (PDF). Vol. 8. Ankara, Turkey: Turkish Studies. pp. 925–941.
- ^ "Turkmen culture comes alive at Tahtacı museum". DailySabah. 8 November 2017.
- ^ a b Halil İnalcık (1973). The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600.
- ^ [1] 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Dr. İsmail Engin, Tahtacılar, Tahtacı Kimliğine ve Demografisine Giriş, Ant Yayınları, 1998.
- ^ Çıblak, Nilgün (2003). "Mersin Tahtacı Kültüründeki Terimler Üzerine Bir Deneme" 12 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Folklor / Edebiyat, C.IX, S. XXXIII, ss.217-238.
- ^ ROUX, Jean-Paul (2020). The Tahtacı of Anatolia. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ^ Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. pp. 288–294.
- ^ Aksüt, Hamza (2009). Aleviler: Türkiye, İran, İrak, Suriye, Bulgaristan: araştırma-inceleme. Yurt Kitap-Yayın. p. 404.
- ^ Korkmaz, İskender. Gaziantep Alevi Kültürü ve İmam Musa Kazım Ocağı (PDF). Paradigma Akademi. p. 42. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
- ^ Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. p. 291.
- ^ Bulut, Ümmü (December 2015). "Investigation of Tahtaci Groups within Sociological Perspective". SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences. 36 (1): 1–22. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
- ^ Efe, Recep; Soykan, Abdullah; Cürebal, İsa; Sönmez, Süleyman (March 19, 2014). "Geographical Symbols in Beliefs of the Tahtacı Turkomans Around Kaz Mountain, W Turkey". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 120: 46–52. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.080.
- ^ Ümmü Bulut; Hüseyin Bal (2015). "SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences" (36): 81–102.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ [2] 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Veli Asan, Tahtacı Türkmenlerde Baş Bağlama, Cem Dergisi, S. 71, 1997.