In adult humans at rest, any respiratory rate of 12–20 per minute is considered clinically normal, with tachypnea being any rate above that.[2] Children have significantly higher resting ventilatory rates, which decline rapidly during the first three years of life and then steadily until around 18 years. Tachypnea can be an early indicator of pneumonia and other lung diseases in children, and is often an outcome of a brain injury.
Different sources produce different classifications for breathing terms.
Some of the public[who?] describe tachypnea as any rapid breathing. Hyperventilation is then described as increased ventilation of the alveoli (which can occur through increased rate or depth of breathing, or a mix of both) where there is a smaller rise in metabolic carbon dioxide relative to this increase in ventilation. Hyperpnea, on the other hand, is defined as breathing an increased volume of air, with or without an increase in respiration rate.[1]
Others give another classification: tachypnea is as any rapid breathing, hyperventilation is increased rate of breathing at rest, hyperpnea is an increase in breathing that is appropriately proportional to an increase in metabolic rate.[3]
A third paradigm is: tachypnea is abnormally rapid and shallow respiration (though some may argue this is inaccurate as breathing differs from respiration), hyperventilation is increased rate or depth of respiration to abnormal levels causing decreased levels of blood carbon dioxide and hyperpnea is any increase in breathing rate or depth that is not normal.[4]
Threshold definition
As normal respiratory rate varies with age, the definition of tachypnea also varies with age.[5]
Age
Threshold Breaths per Minute
0 - 2 months
> 60
2 - 12 months
> 50
1 - 5 years
> 40
5-12 years
> 30
>12 years
> 20
Causes
Tachypnea may have physiological or pathological causes. Both of these categories would include large lists of individual causes.
Physiological causes
Physiological causes of tachypnea include exercise. This type is usually not a cause of concern unless it's excessive.
^Martin EA, ed. (2003). Oxford concise medical dictionary (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 333–4. ISBN0-19-860753-9.
^"tachypnea". Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Saunders. 2007.
^ abcdefgDeMuri GP, Gern JE, Moyer SC, Lindstrom MJ, Lynch SV, Wald ER (April 2016). "Clinical Features, Virus Identification, and Sinusitis as a Complication of Upper Respiratory Tract Illness in Children Ages 4-7 Years". In Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M (eds.). The Journal of Pediatrics. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Vol. 171 (Fifth ed.). Elsevier. pp. 133–9.e1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-40181-4.00021-9. ISBN978-0-323-40181-4. PMC7173486.
External links
The dictionary definition of tachypnea at Wiktionary
January 30, 2023
tachypnea, also, spelt, tachypnoea, respiratory, rate, greater, than, normal, resulting, abnormally, rapid, shallow, breathing, other, namestachypnoeapronunciation, specialtyrespirologyin, adult, humans, rest, respiratory, rate, minute, considered, clinically,. Tachypnea also spelt tachypnoea is a respiratory rate greater than normal resulting in abnormally rapid and shallow breathing 1 TachypneaOther namesTachypnoeaPronunciation ˌ t ae k ɪ p ˈ n iː e SpecialtyRespirologyIn adult humans at rest any respiratory rate of 12 20 per minute is considered clinically normal with tachypnea being any rate above that 2 Children have significantly higher resting ventilatory rates which decline rapidly during the first three years of life and then steadily until around 18 years Tachypnea can be an early indicator of pneumonia and other lung diseases in children and is often an outcome of a brain injury Contents 1 Distinction from other breathing terms 1 1 Threshold definition 2 Causes 2 1 Physiological causes 2 2 Pathological causes 3 Etymology and pronunciation 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDistinction from other breathing terms Edit A comparison of hyperventilation left and hyperpnea right Different sources produce different classifications for breathing terms Some of the public who describe tachypnea as any rapid breathing Hyperventilation is then described as increased ventilation of the alveoli which can occur through increased rate or depth of breathing or a mix of both where there is a smaller rise in metabolic carbon dioxide relative to this increase in ventilation Hyperpnea on the other hand is defined as breathing an increased volume of air with or without an increase in respiration rate 1 Others give another classification tachypnea is as any rapid breathing hyperventilation is increased rate of breathing at rest hyperpnea is an increase in breathing that is appropriately proportional to an increase in metabolic rate 3 A third paradigm is tachypnea is abnormally rapid and shallow respiration though some may argue this is inaccurate as breathing differs from respiration hyperventilation is increased rate or depth of respiration to abnormal levels causing decreased levels of blood carbon dioxide and hyperpnea is any increase in breathing rate or depth that is not normal 4 Threshold definition Edit As normal respiratory rate varies with age the definition of tachypnea also varies with age 5 Age Threshold Breaths per Minute0 2 months gt 602 12 months gt 501 5 years gt 405 12 years gt 30 gt 12 years gt 20Causes EditTachypnea may have physiological or pathological causes Both of these categories would include large lists of individual causes Physiological causes Edit Physiological causes of tachypnea include exercise This type is usually not a cause of concern unless it s excessive Pathological causes Edit Pathological causes of tachypnea include sepsis 5 compensation for diabetic ketoacidosis or other metabolic acidosis 5 pneumonia pleural effusion 5 carbon monoxide poisoning pulmonary embolism 5 asthma COPD laryngospasm allergic reaction causing airway edema foreign body aspiration tracheobronchomalacia congestive heart failure 5 anxiety states haemorrhage 5 or many other medical issues Etymology and pronunciation EditThe word tachypnea ˌ t ae k ɪ p ˈ n iː e uses combining forms of tachy pnea yielding fast breathing See pronunciation information at dyspnea See also EditControl of respiration Hypoventilation List of terms of lung size and activity BradypneaReferences Edit a b Whited L Graham DD 2020 Abnormal Respirations StatPearls Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing PMID 29262235 Retrieved 2020 12 05 tachypnea at Dorland s Medical Dictionary Martin EA ed 2003 Oxford concise medical dictionary 6th ed Oxford University Press pp 333 4 ISBN 0 19 860753 9 tachypnea Dorland s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers Saunders 2007 a b c d e f g DeMuri GP Gern JE Moyer SC Lindstrom MJ Lynch SV Wald ER April 2016 Clinical Features Virus Identification and Sinusitis as a Complication of Upper Respiratory Tract Illness in Children Ages 4 7 Years In Long SS Prober CG Fischer M eds The Journal of Pediatrics Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Vol 171 Fifth ed Elsevier pp 133 9 e1 doi 10 1016 b978 0 323 40181 4 00021 9 ISBN 978 0 323 40181 4 PMC 7173486 External links Edit The dictionary definition of tachypnea at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tachypnea amp oldid 1083581627, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
