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Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips

April 05, 2024

The Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips are a series of speech synthesizer digital signal processor integrated circuits created by Texas Instruments beginning in 1978. They continued to be developed and marketed for many years, though the speech department moved around several times within TI until finally dissolving in late 2001. The rights to the speech-specific subset of the MSP line, the last remaining line of TI speech products as of 2001, were sold to Sensory, Inc. in October 2001.[1][2]

A 1986 model American Speak & Spell with membrane keyboard and redesigned faceplate graphics

Theory edit

Speech data is stored through pitch-excited linear predictive coding (PE-LPC), where words are created by a lattice filter, selectably fed by either an excitation ROM (containing a glottal pulse waveform) or an LFSR (linear-feedback shift register) noise generator. Linear predictive coding achieves a vast reduction in data volume needed to recreate intelligible speech data.

History edit

The TMC0280/TMS5100 was the first self-contained LPC speech synthesizer IC ever made. It was designed for Texas Instruments by Larry Brantingham, Paul S. Breedlove, Richard H. Wiggins,[3] and Gene A. Frantz[4] and its silicon was laid out by Larry Brantingham.[2] The chip was designed for the 'Spelling Bee' project at TI, which later became the Speak & Spell.[2] A speech-less 'Spelling B' was released at the same time as the Speak & Spell.[5]

All TI LPC speech chips until the TSP50cxx series used PMOS architecture, and LPC-10 encoding in a special TI-specific format.[6] Chips in the TI LPC speech series were labeled as TMCxxxx or CDxxxx when used by TI's consumer product division, or labeled as TMS5xxx (later TSP5xxx) when sold to 3rd parties.

TI LPC Speech chip family edit

1978 edit

  • TMS5100 (TMC0281, internal TI name is '0280' hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0280): First LPC speech chip. Used a custom 4-bit serial interface using TMS6100 or TMS6125 mask ROM ICs; used on all non-super versions of the Speak & Spell[7][8] except for the 1980 UK version, which used the TMC0280/CD2801 below.[9] Publicly sold as TMS5100. It was also used on the Byron Petite Electronic Talking Typewriter[2][10] toy. Superseded in 1979 by TMS5100A and TMS5110.

1980 edit

  • TMC0280 AKA CD2801: Used in the Speak & Math,[11] Speak & Read,[12] and the TI Language Translator/Language Tutor.[13] Pin, but not function compatible with TMS5100/TMC0280, has a different LPC and slightly different chirp table. The CD2801/Die revision F fixes an interpolator bug.
  • TMS5100A: Die shrink of TMS5100/TMC0281. Very minor differences in function, uses die rev F, fixing a bug in the interpolator. Used on the Century Video System[14][15] arcade platform. Uses the original chirp table.
  • TMS5110: Has updated LPC tables (which mostly match 5220, see below). Pin, but not function compatible with TMS5100. Superseded by TMS5110A. It was used in the Monkgomery puppet toy made by Hasbro. An SDIP version of this chip was sold at some point as the "TMS5111". Uses the 'final' chirp table.
  • TMS5200 (AKA CD2501E, internal TI name is '0285' hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0285): Added 8-bit parallel FIFO interface; designed for use by the TI consumer division for the TI-99/4A speech module; also used on the 4th generation Bally/Midway pinball tables' Squawk and Talk speech board (part number AS-2518-61), on the Environmental cabinet version of the Bally/Midway arcade game Discs of TRON, on (earlier) Apple II Echo II cards, and on the Zaccaria arcade games Jack Rabbit and Money Money, and Zaccaria pinball machines Pinball Champ and Soccer Kings. Superseded by TMS5220 in late 1980/1981, and possibly sold as cheap, 'fire-sale' stock in 1982–1983. Uses the 'final' chirp table.
  • CD2802: A version of the TMS5100/5110 with different LPC and chirp tables, not the same as either the TMS5100(A) or TMS5110(A). Used on the Touch and Tell only, never sold outside of the company.[16][17] Uses its own, unique, chirp table.
  • TMS5110A (after 1985: TSP5110A): Die shrink of TMS5110, pin and function compatible. Used on at least two home computer products. It was used on the arcade game Bagman by Valadon Automation, by Omnicron Electronics on the TCC-14 Talking Clock/Calendar, and on the arcade game A.D. 2083 by Midcoin. Used on the Chrysler Electronic Voice Alert vehicle monitoring system. Uses the 'final' chirp table.
  • TMS5220 (AKA CD2805E?): Improved version of the TMS5200, pin but not function compatible (has new LPC tables); used on (later) Apple II Echo II cards, (rumor) on the very last run of TI-99/4A speech modules, on the BBC Micro, in Bally/Midway's NFL Football arcade game, and in many Atari, Inc. arcade games, including Star Wars, Firefox, Return of the Jedi, Road Runner, The Empire Strikes Back. Later Atari arcade games used the TMS5220C, see below. The TMS5220 was also used in Zaccaria pinball machines Farfalla, Devil Riders, Time Machine, Magic Castle, Robot, Clown, Pool Champion, Blackbelt, Mexico '86, Zankor, and Spooky. The TMS5220 was also used on Venture Line's Looping and Sky Bumper, Olympia's Portraits, and Exidy's Victory and Victor Banana arcade machines.[18] The TMS5220 was also used in the Androbot, Inc. Topo line of robots, starting with Topo II and Topo III in 1984.[19][20] Superseded by TMS5220C in 1983/1984. Uses the 'final' chirp table. HP 82967A Speech synthesis module, adding 1500-word vocabulary to Series 80 computers.

1983 edit

1985 edit

  • TSP50C50: CMOS, uses LPC-12 instead of LPC-10, uses TMS60C20 256Kb/32KiB serial ROM instead of TMS6100. Uses 'D6' LPC tables and chirp tables, which were common for the whole TSP50Cxx series. Has built in low-pass analog filter. Manufactured into the early 1990s.

1986 edit

  • TSP50C40 (later MSP50C40): TSP50C50 plus a simple 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip mask ROM. Was used in a number of TI's consumer division products, and named CM54129/CM54169 for the speak&music.[21]

1987 and later edit

  • Several other TSP50Cxx products, which added more ROM/ram, did away with the serial interface entirely, etc.
  • The TSP53C30 microcontroller product emulates a TMS5220 PE-LPC, but also has support for D6 LPC as well as PCM sound output.
  • After about 1997, the TSP non-microcontroller line was phased out in favor of speech-specific members of the MSP line, which have microcontrollers. In October 2001, the rights to the speech-specific subset of the MSP line of chips (MSP50C6XX chip family) was sold by TI to Sensory, Inc. Sensory rebranded the chips as the Sensory SC-6x line.[22]
  • In October 2007, Sensory announced it would no longer accept new mask submissions for the SC-6x line. Orders for chips with existing masks will continue to be accepted for at least the next year.

The companion devices to all versions of the speech chip were the custom 4-bit-interfaced 128Kbit (16KiB) TMS6100NL (AKA TMC0350) and 32Kbit (4KiB) TMS6125NL (a.k.a. TMC0355 a.k.a. TMS7125) read-only memories which were mask programmed with words required for a specific product.[6] ALL versions of the LPC chips until the TSP50Cxx series support them. All versions of the TMS6100 appear to only have 128Kbit/16KiB of content, regardless of rumors to the contrary.

References edit

  1. ^ Quan, Margaret (14 June 2001). "TI will exit dedicated speech-synthesis chips, transfer products to Sensory". EE Times. from the original on 28 May 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d ftp://anonymous@ftp.whtech.com/pc%20utilities/qboxpro.zip
  3. ^ "VC&G - VC&G Interview: 30 Years Later, Richard Wiggins Talks Speak & Spell Development".
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  5. ^ Woerner, Joerg (October 26, 2007). "Texas Instruments Spelling B". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  6. ^ a b Nouspikel, Thierry. . The TI-99/4A Tech Pages. Archived from the original on 2006-05-27. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
  7. ^ Woerner, Joerg (December 5, 2001). "Texas Instruments Speak & Spell". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  8. ^ Gregory, Chris; Woerner, Joerg (January 25, 2002). "Texas Instruments Speak & Spell (Type 2)". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  9. ^ Woerner, Joerg (July 13, 2005). "Texas Instruments Speak & Spell (British Voice Type 2)". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  10. ^ Gray, Stephen (August 1983). "Petite electronic talking typewritery". CREATIVE COMPUTING. Vol. 9, no. 8. p. 58.
  11. ^ Woerner, Joerg (December 5, 2001). "Texas Instruments Speak & Math (Type 1)". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  12. ^ Woerner, Joerg (December 5, 2001). "Texas Instruments Speak & Read (Type 1)". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  13. ^ Woerner, Joerg (December 5, 2001). "Texas Instruments Language Tutor". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  14. ^ "Chip Hall of Fame: Texas Instruments TMC0281 Speech Synthesizer The world's first speech synthesizer on chip—and accidental supporting star of E.T." IEEE SPECTRUM. June 30, 2017.
  15. ^ "andys-arcade Online Store for JAMMA video arcade game PCBs obscure ics and arcade parts!".
  16. ^ U.S. Patent 4,403,965
  17. ^ U.S. Patent 4,631,748
  18. ^ MAWS - searchable information about resources in MAME .122u8
  19. ^ Kessels, Vincent (2008). "Second Topo II pictures". The Andromeda Project. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  20. ^ . androbot. 2021-06-08. Archived from the original on 2021-06-08. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
  21. ^ Woerner, Joerg (2022). "Texas Instruments Speech Products". DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM.
  22. ^ Quan, Margaret (June 14, 2001). "TI will exit dedicated speech-synthesis chips, transfer products to Sensory". EE|Times.
Notes

April 05, 2024
texas, instruments, speech, chips, series, speech, synthesizer, digital, signal, processor, integrated, circuits, created, texas, instruments, beginning, 1978, they, continued, developed, marketed, many, years, though, speech, department, moved, around, severa. The Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips are a series of speech synthesizer digital signal processor integrated circuits created by Texas Instruments beginning in 1978 They continued to be developed and marketed for many years though the speech department moved around several times within TI until finally dissolving in late 2001 The rights to the speech specific subset of the MSP line the last remaining line of TI speech products as of 2001 were sold to Sensory Inc in October 2001 1 2 A 1986 model American Speak amp Spell with membrane keyboard and redesigned faceplate graphics Contents 1 Theory 2 History 3 TI LPC Speech chip family 3 1 1978 3 2 1980 3 3 1983 3 4 1985 3 5 1986 3 6 1987 and later 4 ReferencesTheory editSpeech data is stored through pitch excited linear predictive coding PE LPC where words are created by a lattice filter selectably fed by either an excitation ROM containing a glottal pulse waveform or an LFSR linear feedback shift register noise generator Linear predictive coding achieves a vast reduction in data volume needed to recreate intelligible speech data History editThe TMC0280 TMS5100 was the first self contained LPC speech synthesizer IC ever made It was designed for Texas Instruments by Larry Brantingham Paul S Breedlove Richard H Wiggins 3 and Gene A Frantz 4 and its silicon was laid out by Larry Brantingham 2 The chip was designed for the Spelling Bee project at TI which later became the Speak amp Spell 2 A speech less Spelling B was released at the same time as the Speak amp Spell 5 All TI LPC speech chips until the TSP50cxx series used PMOS architecture and LPC 10 encoding in a special TI specific format 6 Chips in the TI LPC speech series were labeled as TMCxxxx or CDxxxx when used by TI s consumer product division or labeled as TMS5xxx later TSP5xxx when sold to 3rd parties TI LPC Speech chip family edit1978 edit TMS5100 TMC0281 internal TI name is 0280 hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0280 First LPC speech chip Used a custom 4 bit serial interface using TMS6100 or TMS6125 mask ROM ICs used on all non super versions of the Speak amp Spell 7 8 except for the 1980 UK version which used the TMC0280 CD2801 below 9 Publicly sold as TMS5100 It was also used on the Byron Petite Electronic Talking Typewriter 2 10 toy Superseded in 1979 by TMS5100A and TMS5110 1980 edit TMC0280 AKA CD2801 Used in the Speak amp Math 11 Speak amp Read 12 and the TI Language Translator Language Tutor 13 Pin but not function compatible with TMS5100 TMC0280 has a different LPC and slightly different chirp table The CD2801 Die revision F fixes an interpolator bug TMS5100A Die shrink of TMS5100 TMC0281 Very minor differences in function uses die rev F fixing a bug in the interpolator Used on the Century Video System 14 15 arcade platform Uses the original chirp table TMS5110 Has updated LPC tables which mostly match 5220 see below Pin but not function compatible with TMS5100 Superseded by TMS5110A It was used in the Monkgomery puppet toy made by Hasbro An SDIP version of this chip was sold at some point as the TMS5111 Uses the final chirp table TMS5200 AKA CD2501E internal TI name is 0285 hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0285 Added 8 bit parallel FIFO interface designed for use by the TI consumer division for the TI 99 4A speech module also used on the 4th generation Bally Midway pinball tables Squawk and Talk speech board part number AS 2518 61 on the Environmental cabinet version of the Bally Midway arcade game Discs of TRON on earlier Apple II Echo II cards and on the Zaccaria arcade games Jack Rabbit and Money Money and Zaccaria pinball machines Pinball Champ and Soccer Kings Superseded by TMS5220 in late 1980 1981 and possibly sold as cheap fire sale stock in 1982 1983 Uses the final chirp table CD2802 A version of the TMS5100 5110 with different LPC and chirp tables not the same as either the TMS5100 A or TMS5110 A Used on the Touch and Tell only never sold outside of the company 16 17 Uses its own unique chirp table TMS5110A after 1985 TSP5110A Die shrink of TMS5110 pin and function compatible Used on at least two home computer products It was used on the arcade game Bagman by Valadon Automation by Omnicron Electronics on the TCC 14 Talking Clock Calendar and on the arcade game A D 2083 by Midcoin Used on the Chrysler Electronic Voice Alert vehicle monitoring system Uses the final chirp table TMS5220 AKA CD2805E Improved version of the TMS5200 pin but not function compatible has new LPC tables used on later Apple II Echo II cards rumor on the very last run of TI 99 4A speech modules on the BBC Micro in Bally Midway s NFL Football arcade game and in many Atari Inc arcade games including Star Wars Firefox Return of the Jedi Road Runner The Empire Strikes Back Later Atari arcade games used the TMS5220C see below The TMS5220 was also used in Zaccaria pinball machines Farfalla Devil Riders Time Machine Magic Castle Robot Clown Pool Champion Blackbelt Mexico 86 Zankor and Spooky The TMS5220 was also used on Venture Line s Looping and Sky Bumper Olympia s Portraits and Exidy s Victory and Victor Banana arcade machines 18 The TMS5220 was also used in the Androbot Inc Topo line of robots starting with Topo II and Topo III in 1984 19 20 Superseded by TMS5220C in 1983 1984 Uses the final chirp table HP 82967A Speech synthesis module adding 1500 word vocabulary to Series 80 computers 1983 edit TMS5220C after 1985 TSP5220C has the two NOP commands the parallel FIFO interface reworked to control speech rate added external full reset minor change apparent to the way energy values affect unvoiced frames Otherwise identical pin compatible and a drop in replacement to the TMS5220 Used on the Atari arcade games Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom 720 Gauntlet Gauntlet II A P B Paperboy RoadBlasters Vindicators Part II and finally Escape from the Planet of the Robot Monsters Also used on the IBM PS 2 Speech Adapter and the Pacific Educational Systems RS 232 Speech adapter Manufactured into the early 1990s 1985 edit TSP50C50 CMOS uses LPC 12 instead of LPC 10 uses TMS60C20 256Kb 32KiB serial ROM instead of TMS6100 Uses D6 LPC tables and chirp tables which were common for the whole TSP50Cxx series Has built in low pass analog filter Manufactured into the early 1990s 1986 edit TSP50C40 later MSP50C40 TSP50C50 plus a simple 8 bit microcontroller with on chip mask ROM Was used in a number of TI s consumer division products and named CM54129 CM54169 for the speak amp music 21 1987 and later edit Several other TSP50Cxx products which added more ROM ram did away with the serial interface entirely etc The TSP53C30 microcontroller product emulates a TMS5220 PE LPC but also has support for D6 LPC as well as PCM sound output After about 1997 the TSP non microcontroller line was phased out in favor of speech specific members of the MSP line which have microcontrollers In October 2001 the rights to the speech specific subset of the MSP line of chips MSP50C6XX chip family was sold by TI to Sensory Inc Sensory rebranded the chips as the Sensory SC 6x line 22 In October 2007 Sensory announced it would no longer accept new mask submissions for the SC 6x line Orders for chips with existing masks will continue to be accepted for at least the next year The companion devices to all versions of the speech chip were the custom 4 bit interfaced 128Kbit 16KiB TMS6100NL AKA TMC0350 and 32Kbit 4KiB TMS6125NL a k a TMC0355 a k a TMS7125 read only memories which were mask programmed with words required for a specific product 6 ALL versions of the LPC chips until the TSP50Cxx series support them All versions of the TMS6100 appear to only have 128Kbit 16KiB of content regardless of rumors to the contrary References edit Quan Margaret 14 June 2001 TI will exit dedicated speech synthesis chips transfer products to Sensory EE Times Archived from the original on 28 May 2012 a b c d ftp anonymous ftp whtech com pc 20utilities qboxpro zip VC amp G VC amp G Interview 30 Years Later Richard Wiggins Talks Speak amp Spell Development NMAH Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project Ss ti HTM Archived from the original on 2008 11 21 Retrieved 2008 09 07 Woerner Joerg October 26 2007 Texas Instruments Spelling B DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM a b Nouspikel Thierry The Speech Synthesizer module The TI 99 4A Tech Pages Archived from the original on 2006 05 27 Retrieved 2023 08 22 Woerner Joerg December 5 2001 Texas Instruments Speak amp Spell DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM Gregory Chris Woerner Joerg January 25 2002 Texas Instruments Speak amp Spell Type 2 DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM Woerner Joerg July 13 2005 Texas Instruments Speak amp Spell British Voice Type 2 DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM Gray Stephen August 1983 Petite electronic talking typewritery CREATIVE COMPUTING Vol 9 no 8 p 58 Woerner Joerg December 5 2001 Texas Instruments Speak amp Math Type 1 DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM Woerner Joerg December 5 2001 Texas Instruments Speak amp Read Type 1 DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM Woerner Joerg December 5 2001 Texas Instruments Language Tutor DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM Chip Hall of Fame Texas Instruments TMC0281 Speech Synthesizer The world s first speech synthesizer on chip and accidental supporting star of E T IEEE SPECTRUM June 30 2017 andys arcade Online Store for JAMMA video arcade game PCBs obscure ics and arcade parts U S Patent 4 403 965 U S Patent 4 631 748 MAWS searchable information about resources in MAME 122u8 Kessels Vincent 2008 Second Topo II pictures The Andromeda Project Retrieved 2022 10 11 Topo III androbot 2021 06 08 Archived from the original on 2021 06 08 Retrieved 2023 08 22 Woerner Joerg 2022 Texas Instruments Speech Products DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM Quan Margaret June 14 2001 TI will exit dedicated speech synthesis chips transfer products to Sensory EE Times Notesftp anonymous ftp whtech com datasheets 20and 20manuals Datasheets 20 20TI TMS5220 PDF TMS5220 datasheet Video Demonstration of TMS5220 via emulation and demo of QBOX Pro software 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