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Total Access Communication System

January 01, 1970

"TACS" redirects here. For other meanings of "TACS" or "Tacs", see Tacs.

Total Access Communication System (TACS) and ETACS are variants of Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) which were announced as the choice for the first two UK national cellular systems in February 1983, less than a year after the UK government announced the T&Cs for the two competing mobile phone networks in June 1982.[1] This 1G technology is now obsolete.

First-generation Motorola 4500X mobile phone, which utilised ETACS

History edit

Vodafone (known then as Racal-Vodafone) opted for a £30 million turnkey contract[2] from Ericsson (ERA) to design, build and set up its initial network of 100 base station sites.[3]

 
Vodafone used CMS8810 equipment designed by Ericsson some of which was made under licence by Racal Carlton Nottingham

Cellnet (then known Telecom Securicor Cellular Radio Ltd) used development labs in the facilities at General Electric (later made part of Motorola) based at Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. The reason Cellnet used the General Electric labs was because the AMPS system was already in development there, and the company had set up a production facility in readiness for AMPS production in 1985 which the Cellnet TACS was to share. In March 1984 development of prototypes began at General Electric. Production began in 1985 and General Electric produced 20,000 systems that year for Cellnet's distribution in the UK. Production of what was to become the Motorola model were then made at Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England. This production facility continued making TACS until the advent of GSM.

TACS cellular phones were used in Europe (including the UK, Italy, Austria and Ireland) and other countries. TACS was also used in Japan under the name Japanese Total Access Communication (JTAC).[4][5] It was also used in Hong Kong.[6] ETACS was an extended version of TACS with more channels.

TACS and ETACS are now obsolete in Europe, having been replaced by the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) system. In the United Kingdom, the last ETACS service operated by Vodafone was discontinued on 31 May 2001, after 16 years of service. The competing service in the UK operated by Cellnet (latterly BT Cellnet) was closed on Sunday 1 October 2000.

Eircell (now Vodafone Ireland) closed its TACS network on 26 January 2001. This followed a long period during which customers were encouraged to switch to GSM services. When the network was closed, there were very few, if any, active TACS customers left. Customers who switched network were able to keep their phone number, but the (088) prefix was changed to either 087 (Eircell, now Vodafone Ireland) GSM or 086 (Esat Digifone, which became O2 Ireland before merging with Three) GSM. At the time, full mobile number portability was not available to TACS customers and the (088) prefix was closed. An automatic voice message was left in place for 12 months advising callers of the customer's new prefix.

Frequency bands used by ETACS in the UK edit

Channel Cell TX (MHz) Mobile TX (MHz) Notes
1 935.0125 890.0125 25 kHz spaced channels
23 935.5625 890.5625 1st of 21 dedicated vodafone control channels
24 935.5650 890.5650 2nd of 21 dedicated vodafone control channels
300 942.4875 898.0625 9.5 kHz peak speech fm deviation
323 943.0625 898.0625 1st of 21 dedicated cellnet control channels
600 949.9875 904.9875 Last TACS channel, ETACS extended this to 1320 later

TACS BAND Summary

Base TX Start End (MHz) Mobile start End (MHz) Band
935 950 890 905 TACS 600 Channels
935 960 890 915 TACS 1000 Channels
917 950 872 905 E-TACS 1320 Channels

ESNs were issued in batches of 65535 by BABT for phone manufactures to program into each cellular phone to make each one unique to the TACS network with which it attempted to register.

The following countries had more than two batches of ESNs allocated to them: UK, Italy, Austria, China, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Australia.

UK ETACS and US AMPS compared edit

Feature TACS AMPS
Channel Spacing 25 kHz 30 kHz
Speech peak Freq Dev 9.5 kHz 12 kHz
Signalling FSK peak Freq Dev 6.4 kHz 8 kHz
Signalling rate 8 kbit/s 10 kbit/s
SAT 0 5970 Hz 5970 Hz
SAT 1 6000 Hz 6000 Hz
SAT 2 6030 Hz 6030 Hz
ST 8000 Hz 10000 Hz
Mobile TX pwr MAC 0 10 W 4 W
Mobile TX pwr MAC 1 1.6 W 1.6 W
Mobile TX pwr MAC 2 630 mW 630 mW
Mobile TX pwr MAC 3 250 mW 250 mW
Mobile TX pwr MAC 4 100 mW 100 mW
Mobile TX pwr MAC 5 40 mW 40 mW
Mobile TX pwr MAC 6 16 mW 16 mW
Mobile TX pwr MAC 7 6.3 mW 6.3 mW

Commercial deployments edit

Country Operator(s) ƒ (MHz) Launch date End of service Notes
  United Kingdom

  Jersey

Vodafone

Cellnet
Jersey Telecom

Jan 1985

Jan 1985
1987

May 2001[7]

Oct 2000
1999

[8]
  Ireland Eircell Dec 1985 Jan 2001 [8]
  Hong Kong CSL Mobile

Hutchison Telecom

1987 May 1996[9] [10][11]
  China China Mobile Nov 1987[12] Dec 2001[13][14] [15]
  Macau CTM Nov 1988[16] Feb 2001[17] [18]
  Sri Lanka Celltel 1989 2006[19] [18]
  Japan DDI Jul 1989[20] Sep 2000[21] [18]
  Malaysia Celcom 1989 Named ART-900.[22][18]
  Mauritania 1989 [18]
  United Arab Emirates 1989 [18]
  Ghana [23]
  Bahrain [23]
  Kuwait [23]
  Italy TIM [en; it] Apr 1990 Dec 2005[24][25] [8]
  Spain MoviLine [es] Apr 1990 Dec 2004[26] Named TMA-900.[8]
  Austria Mobilkom Jul 1990 Feb 2002[27] [23]
  Malta [23]
  Nigeria 1991 [23]
  Singapore 1991 [23]
  Kenya 1992 [23]
  Mauritius [23]

References edit

  1. ^ Barnes, David M (May 1985). The Introduction of Cellular Radio to the United Kingdom. Vehicular Technology Conference, 1985. 35th. pp. 147–152. doi:10.1109/VTC.1985.1623346.
  2. ^ Mueling, John; Jeans, Richard (1994). The Mobile Phone Book. CommunicationsWeek International. p. 92. ISBN 978-0952403104.
  3. ^ "The Racal Vodafone Network in Great Britain" (PDF). Ericsson Review. 64: 130. 1987.
  4. ^ GSM Terma, volny.cz. Article retrieved 2006-01-19.
  5. ^ , mobiledia.com. Article retrieved 2007-01-19.
  6. ^ Cellular Networks QuickStart: Getting up to Speed on Cellular, from 1G to 3G, devx.com. Article dated 2003-03-17, retrieved 2007-01-19.
  7. ^ "Vodafone closes analogue network". www.computing.co.uk. 11 April 2001. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d Shi, Mingtao (2007). Technology Base of Mobile Cellular Operators in Germany and China: A Comparative Study from the Perspective of the Resource Based View. Univerlagtuberlin. ISBN 978-3-7983-2057-4.
  9. ^ "Hutchison Whampoa Limited - Financial Information". Investor Relations Asia Pacific. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Office of the Communications Authority - Telecommunications Milestones before 2012". Office of the Communications Authority. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  11. ^ Tsang, KC (2017). 我地廣告 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Chung Hwa Book Company (Hong Kong) Limited. pp. 648–653. ISBN 978-988-8488-27-8.
  12. ^ "1987年11月18日 广州移动电话网开通". 中国科学院光电技术研究所 (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  13. ^ 中国移动通信集团公司模拟网退网领导小组办公室 (31 December 2001). . 中国移动通信网站 (in Chinese (China)). 中国移动通信. Archived from the original on 16 April 2002.
  14. ^ "中国模拟移动通信网完成历史使命于31日晚关闭". tech.sina.com.cn (in Chinese (China)). 1 January 2002. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  15. ^ 叶, 国兴 (30 September 1989). "广东省电话通信蓬勃发展" (PDF). 广东政报 (in Chinese (China)). 1989 (9). 广东省广州市: 广东省人民政府办公厅: 30–31. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  16. ^ "Main Evolutions - Telecom". CTT (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  17. ^ "印務局 - 第6/2001號行政命令". 澳門特別行政區政府印務局 (in Chinese (Macau)). Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d e f https://media.crai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/05145230/Insights-The-Economics-of-5G-article-6-Open-or-Closed-System-May2021.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  19. ^ "Lankan mobile phone industry now totally GSM". www.sundaytimes.lk. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  20. ^ 森島, 光紀 (30 March 2007). 国立科学博物館技術の系統化調査報告 第7集 (PDF) (in Japanese). 東京: 独立行政法人 国立科学博物館. p. 199. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  21. ^ . KDDI (in Japanese). 日本移動通信株式会社. 29 September 2000. Archived from the original on 20 February 2003.
  22. ^ href=, LEONG HUNG YEE. "Mobile phone has come of age". The Star. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub2646.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  24. ^ "Repubblica.it » scienza_e_tecnologia » In pensione il vecchio Tacs 'pap�' dei moderni cellulari". www.repubblica.it. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  25. ^ "Tra due giorni addio al vecchio cellulare Tacs - Cellulare Magazine". archivio.cellulare-magazine.it. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  26. ^ Pantaleoni, Ana (21 January 2004). "Cierra MoviLine, el primer servicio popular de telefonía móvil". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  27. ^ online, heise (5 May 2004). "30 Jahre Mobilfunk in Österreich". heise online (in German). Retrieved 22 June 2022.

January 01, 1970
total, access, communication, system, tacs, redirects, here, other, meanings, tacs, tacs, tacs, tacs, etacs, variants, advanced, mobile, phone, system, amps, which, were, announced, choice, first, national, cellular, systems, february, 1983, less, than, year, . TACS redirects here For other meanings of TACS or Tacs see Tacs Total Access Communication System TACS and ETACS are variants of Advanced Mobile Phone System AMPS which were announced as the choice for the first two UK national cellular systems in February 1983 less than a year after the UK government announced the T amp Cs for the two competing mobile phone networks in June 1982 1 This 1G technology is now obsolete First generation Motorola 4500X mobile phone which utilised ETACS Contents 1 History 2 Frequency bands used by ETACS in the UK 3 UK ETACS and US AMPS compared 4 Commercial deployments 5 ReferencesHistory editVodafone known then as Racal Vodafone opted for a 30 million turnkey contract 2 from Ericsson ERA to design build and set up its initial network of 100 base station sites 3 nbsp Vodafone used CMS8810 equipment designed by Ericsson some of which was made under licence by Racal Carlton Nottingham Cellnet then known Telecom Securicor Cellular Radio Ltd used development labs in the facilities at General Electric later made part of Motorola based at Lynchburg Virginia United States The reason Cellnet used the General Electric labs was because the AMPS system was already in development there and the company had set up a production facility in readiness for AMPS production in 1985 which the Cellnet TACS was to share In March 1984 development of prototypes began at General Electric Production began in 1985 and General Electric produced 20 000 systems that year for Cellnet s distribution in the UK Production of what was to become the Motorola model were then made at Stotfold Bedfordshire England This production facility continued making TACS until the advent of GSM TACS cellular phones were used in Europe including the UK Italy Austria and Ireland and other countries TACS was also used in Japan under the name Japanese Total Access Communication JTAC 4 5 It was also used in Hong Kong 6 ETACS was an extended version of TACS with more channels TACS and ETACS are now obsolete in Europe having been replaced by the GSM Global System for Mobile Communications system In the United Kingdom the last ETACS service operated by Vodafone was discontinued on 31 May 2001 after 16 years of service The competing service in the UK operated by Cellnet latterly BT Cellnet was closed on Sunday 1 October 2000 Eircell now Vodafone Ireland closed its TACS network on 26 January 2001 This followed a long period during which customers were encouraged to switch to GSM services When the network was closed there were very few if any active TACS customers left Customers who switched network were able to keep their phone number but the 088 prefix was changed to either 087 Eircell now Vodafone Ireland GSM or 086 Esat Digifone which became O2 Ireland before merging with Three GSM At the time full mobile number portability was not available to TACS customers and the 088 prefix was closed An automatic voice message was left in place for 12 months advising callers of the customer s new prefix Frequency bands used by ETACS in the UK editChannel Cell TX MHz Mobile TX MHz Notes 1 935 0125 890 0125 25 kHz spaced channels 23 935 5625 890 5625 1st of 21 dedicated vodafone control channels 24 935 5650 890 5650 2nd of 21 dedicated vodafone control channels 300 942 4875 898 0625 9 5 kHz peak speech fm deviation 323 943 0625 898 0625 1st of 21 dedicated cellnet control channels 600 949 9875 904 9875 Last TACS channel ETACS extended this to 1320 later TACS BAND Summary Base TX Start End MHz Mobile start End MHz Band 935 950 890 905 TACS 600 Channels 935 960 890 915 TACS 1000 Channels 917 950 872 905 E TACS 1320 Channels ESNs were issued in batches of 65535 by BABT for phone manufactures to program into each cellular phone to make each one unique to the TACS network with which it attempted to register The following countries had more than two batches of ESNs allocated to them UK Italy Austria China Malaysia Hong Kong Singapore Bahrain UAE Kuwait Philippines Sri Lanka Australia UK ETACS and US AMPS compared editFeature TACS AMPS Channel Spacing 25 kHz 30 kHz Speech peak Freq Dev 9 5 kHz 12 kHz Signalling FSK peak Freq Dev 6 4 kHz 8 kHz Signalling rate 8 kbit s 10 kbit s SAT 0 5970 Hz 5970 Hz SAT 1 6000 Hz 6000 Hz SAT 2 6030 Hz 6030 Hz ST 8000 Hz 10000 Hz Mobile TX pwr MAC 0 10 W 4 W Mobile TX pwr MAC 1 1 6 W 1 6 W Mobile TX pwr MAC 2 630 mW 630 mW Mobile TX pwr MAC 3 250 mW 250 mW Mobile TX pwr MAC 4 100 mW 100 mW Mobile TX pwr MAC 5 40 mW 40 mW Mobile TX pwr MAC 6 16 mW 16 mW Mobile TX pwr MAC 7 6 3 mW 6 3 mWCommercial deployments editCountry Operator s ƒ MHz Launch date End of service Notes nbsp United Kingdom nbsp Jersey Vodafone Cellnet Jersey Telecom Jan 1985 Jan 1985 1987 May 2001 7 Oct 2000 1999 8 nbsp Ireland Eircell Dec 1985 Jan 2001 8 nbsp Hong Kong CSL Mobile Hutchison Telecom 1987 May 1996 9 10 11 nbsp China China Mobile Nov 1987 12 Dec 2001 13 14 15 nbsp Macau CTM Nov 1988 16 Feb 2001 17 18 nbsp Sri Lanka Celltel 1989 2006 19 18 nbsp Japan DDI Jul 1989 20 Sep 2000 21 18 nbsp Malaysia Celcom 1989 Named ART 900 22 18 nbsp Mauritania 1989 18 nbsp United Arab Emirates 1989 18 nbsp Ghana 23 nbsp Bahrain 23 nbsp Kuwait 23 nbsp Italy TIM en it Apr 1990 Dec 2005 24 25 8 nbsp Spain MoviLine es Apr 1990 Dec 2004 26 Named TMA 900 8 nbsp Austria Mobilkom Jul 1990 Feb 2002 27 23 nbsp Malta 23 nbsp Nigeria 1991 23 nbsp Singapore 1991 23 nbsp Kenya 1992 23 nbsp Mauritius 23 References edit Barnes David M May 1985 The Introduction of Cellular Radio to the United Kingdom Vehicular Technology Conference 1985 35th pp 147 152 doi 10 1109 VTC 1985 1623346 Mueling John Jeans Richard 1994 The Mobile Phone Book CommunicationsWeek International p 92 ISBN 978 0952403104 The Racal Vodafone Network in Great Britain PDF Ericsson Review 64 130 1987 GSM Terma volny cz Article retrieved 2006 01 19 Japanese Total Access Communication JTAC mobiledia com Article retrieved 2007 01 19 Cellular Networks QuickStart Getting up to Speed on Cellular from 1G to 3G devx com Article dated 2003 03 17 retrieved 2007 01 19 Vodafone closes analogue network www computing co uk 11 April 2001 Retrieved 22 June 2022 a b c d Shi Mingtao 2007 Technology Base of Mobile Cellular Operators in Germany and China A Comparative Study from the Perspective of the Resource Based View Univerlagtuberlin ISBN 978 3 7983 2057 4 Hutchison Whampoa Limited Financial Information Investor Relations Asia Pacific Retrieved 27 July 2022 Office of the Communications Authority Telecommunications Milestones before 2012 Office of the Communications Authority Retrieved 27 July 2022 Tsang KC 2017 我地廣告 in Chinese Hong Kong Chung Hwa Book Company Hong Kong Limited pp 648 653 ISBN 978 988 8488 27 8 1987年11月18日 广州移动电话网开通 中国科学院光电技术研究所 in Chinese China Retrieved 22 July 2022 中国移动通信集团公司模拟网退网领导小组办公室 31 December 2001 中国模拟移动通信网已退出历史舞台 中国移动通信网站 in Chinese China 中国移动通信 Archived from the original on 16 April 2002 中国模拟移动通信网完成历史使命于31日晚关闭 tech sina com cn in Chinese China 1 January 2002 Retrieved 22 July 2022 叶 国兴 30 September 1989 广东省电话通信蓬勃发展 PDF 广东政报 in Chinese China 1989 9 广东省广州市 广东省人民政府办公厅 30 31 Retrieved 27 July 2022 Main Evolutions Telecom CTT in Portuguese Retrieved 27 July 2022 印務局 第6 2001號行政命令 澳門特別行政區政府印務局 in Chinese Macau Retrieved 27 July 2022 a b c d e f https media crai com wp content uploads 2021 05 05145230 Insights The Economics of 5G article 6 Open or Closed System May2021 pdf bare URL PDF Lankan mobile phone industry now totally GSM www sundaytimes lk Retrieved 9 January 2023 森島 光紀 30 March 2007 国立科学博物館技術の系統化調査報告 第7集 PDF in Japanese 東京 独立行政法人 国立科学博物館 p 199 Retrieved 22 July 2022 ＴＡＣＳ アナログ 方式の携帯電話サービスの終了について KDDI in Japanese 日本移動通信株式会社 29 September 2000 Archived from the original on 20 February 2003 href LEONG HUNG YEE Mobile phone has come of age The Star Retrieved 9 January 2023 a b c d e f g h i https www usitc gov publications 332 pub2646 pdf bare URL PDF Repubblica it A scienza e tecnologia A In pensione il vecchio Tacs papi dei moderni cellulari www repubblica it Retrieved 22 June 2022 Tra due giorni addio al vecchio cellulare Tacs Cellulare Magazine archivio cellulare magazine it Retrieved 22 June 2022 Pantaleoni Ana 21 January 2004 Cierra MoviLine el primer servicio popular de telefonia movil El Pais in Spanish ISSN 1134 6582 Retrieved 22 June 2022 online heise 5 May 2004 30 Jahre Mobilfunk in Osterreich heise online in German Retrieved 22 June 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Total Access Communication System amp oldid 1220789743, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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