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Sámuel Gyarmathi (Hungarian: Gyarmathi Sámuel) (July 15, 1751, Kolozsvár — March 4, 1830, Kolozsvár) was a Hungarianlinguist, born in Cluj (then Kolozsvár, Transylvania). He is best known for his systematic demonstration of the comparative history of the Finno-Ugric languages in the book Affinitas linguae hungaricae cum linguis fennicae originis grammatice demonstrata (1799), which rested on the earlier work of János Sajnovics.[1]
Gyarmathi studied to be a teacher in Nagyenyed (Aiud) before training to be a doctor in Vienna, after which he practised medicine in Transylvania. In 1789 he read of a competition offering a prize for linguistic research in a Hungarian newspaper and spent the next two years working on his Okoskodva tanító magyar nyelvmester (Hungarian Grammar Taught Rationally). The Transylvanian Diet made funds available for its publication and it appeared in two volumes in 1794.
Through the success of this book, Gyarmathi joined the household of Count Gergely Bethlen as a family physician and tutor to the Bethlen children. His position gave him plenty of leisure for his research into languages and allowed him to accompany Bethlen's son on a trip to the University of Göttingen in Germany, then a leading centre for comparative linguistics. Here he made the acquaintance of the historian August Ludwig von Schlözer, who was a specialist in Northern and Eastern Europe.
In Göttingen, Gyarmathi developed the theories of János Sajnovics, which had shown a relationship between Hungarian and Sami (Lapp). The result of Gyarmathi's studies was Affinitas, published in Göttingen in 1799. In the first part of the work, Gyarmathi compares Hungarian, Finnish and Sami. In the second, he treats of the similarities between Hungarian and Estonian. In the third, he covers several other Uralic languages. Affinitas sought to show that these languages were part of the same family, by demonstrating similarities in grammatical structure between them. The book was immediately recognised as a major contribution to linguistics.
After leaving Göttingen, Gyarmathi became a teacher/administrator at the Calvinist College in Zilah (Zalău), before returning to work as the family physician to the Bethlens in 1810. His last major work was Vocabularium, published in Vienna in 1816. This is a word list that compares Hungarian vocabulary with 57 other languages. It also contains valuable information on the Szekler dialect of Transylvania. Gyarmathi died in Cluj at the age of 79.
^Zsirai, Miklós (1966). "Sámuel Gyarmathi, Hungarian Pioneer of Comparative Linguistics". In Sebeok, Thomas A. (ed.). Portraits of Linguists. A Biographical Source Book for the History of Western Linguistics, 1746–1963. Vol. 1. doi:10.2979/portraitsoflinguistsv1.
Referencesedit
Editorial material in Sámuel Gyarmathi Grammatical Proof of the Affinity of the Hungarian Language With Languages of Fennic Origin (a translation of the Affinitas by Victor Egon Hanzeli, Amsterdam Classics in Linguistics Vol.19, 1983)
External linksedit
Affinitas linguae hungaricae cum linguis fennicae originis grammatice demonstrata (1799)
April 11, 2024
sámuel, gyarmathi, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, hungarian, september, 2010, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, hungarian, article, machine, translation, l. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Hungarian September 2010 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Hungarian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 595 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Hungarian Wikipedia article at hu Gyarmathi Samuel see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated hu Gyarmathi Samuel to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Samuel Gyarmathi Hungarian Gyarmathi Samuel July 15 1751 Kolozsvar March 4 1830 Kolozsvar was a Hungarian linguist born in Cluj then Kolozsvar Transylvania He is best known for his systematic demonstration of the comparative history of the Finno Ugric languages in the book Affinitas linguae hungaricae cum linguis fennicae originis grammatice demonstrata 1799 which rested on the earlier work of Janos Sajnovics 1 Contents 1 Life and works 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksLife and works editGyarmathi studied to be a teacher in Nagyenyed Aiud before training to be a doctor in Vienna after which he practised medicine in Transylvania In 1789 he read of a competition offering a prize for linguistic research in a Hungarian newspaper and spent the next two years working on his Okoskodva tanito magyar nyelvmester Hungarian Grammar Taught Rationally The Transylvanian Diet made funds available for its publication and it appeared in two volumes in 1794 nbsp A plaque in GottingenThrough the success of this book Gyarmathi joined the household of Count Gergely Bethlen as a family physician and tutor to the Bethlen children His position gave him plenty of leisure for his research into languages and allowed him to accompany Bethlen s son on a trip to the University of Gottingen in Germany then a leading centre for comparative linguistics Here he made the acquaintance of the historian August Ludwig von Schlozer who was a specialist in Northern and Eastern Europe In Gottingen Gyarmathi developed the theories of Janos Sajnovics which had shown a relationship between Hungarian and Sami Lapp The result of Gyarmathi s studies was Affinitas published in Gottingen in 1799 In the first part of the work Gyarmathi compares Hungarian Finnish and Sami In the second he treats of the similarities between Hungarian and Estonian In the third he covers several other Uralic languages Affinitas sought to show that these languages were part of the same family by demonstrating similarities in grammatical structure between them The book was immediately recognised as a major contribution to linguistics After leaving Gottingen Gyarmathi became a teacher administrator at the Calvinist College in Zilah Zalău before returning to work as the family physician to the Bethlens in 1810 His last major work was Vocabularium published in Vienna in 1816 This is a word list that compares Hungarian vocabulary with 57 other languages It also contains valuable information on the Szekler dialect of Transylvania Gyarmathi died in Cluj at the age of 79 See also editComparative methodNotes edit Zsirai Miklos 1966 Samuel Gyarmathi Hungarian Pioneer of Comparative Linguistics In Sebeok Thomas A ed Portraits of Linguists A Biographical Source Book for the History of Western Linguistics 1746 1963 Vol 1 doi 10 2979 portraitsoflinguistsv1 References editEditorial material in Samuel Gyarmathi Grammatical Proof of the Affinity of the Hungarian Language With Languages of Fennic Origin a translation of the Affinitas by Victor Egon Hanzeli Amsterdam Classics in Linguistics Vol 19 1983 External links editAffinitas linguae hungaricae cum linguis fennicae originis grammatice demonstrata 1799 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Samuel Gyarmathi amp oldid 1205476940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
