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Syriac Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem

January 01, 1970

In the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Archbishop of Jerusalem (originally Bishop of Jerusalem) today bears the additional title of Patriarchal Vicar of the Holy Land and Jordan.[1] The see is currently held by Anthimos Jack Yakoub.

Archbishop of Jerusalem
Patriarchal Vicar of the Holy Land and Jordan
Bishopric
Syriac orthodox Church
Leaders of the Jerusalem church in 1922
Incumbent:
Anthimos Jack Yakoub
StyleArchbishop His Eminence
Information
CathedralMonastery of Saint Mark, Jerusalem

History edit

The first Syriac Orthodox church in Jerusalem was probably built between the Sasanian conquest (614) and the Islamic conquest (637). The Patriarch Michael the Syrian (died 1199) implies that the church torn down by Harun al-Rashid in 806/807 predated the Islamic conquest. It was soon rebuilt by an Egyptian named Macarius of Naburwah. Since almost all of the known bishops were monks, there must also have been at least a rudimentary monastic community.[2]

The church appears to have been destroyed at the time of the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In 1092, Mansur of Tilbana, another Egyptian, built what was then the only Syriac Orthodox church in the city. In the first quarter of the 12th century, Bishop Ignatius II rebuilt the destroyed church and monastery. It was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene and later also to Simon the Pharisee. Shortly after 1125, Ignatius III constructed a hostel with a courtyard across from the church.[2] According to John of Würzburg, writing later in the century, this church was believed to have formerly been the house of Simon the Leper.[3] It is located near the Church of Saint Anne on the northeastern side of the city.[4]

After the Ayyyubid conquest in 1187, the church and monastery were transformed into a Muslim school. The bishops were only able again to occupy it again briefly when the city was in Christian hands between the Sixth Crusade (1229) and the Khwarazmian conquest (1244). Thereafter the Syriac Orthodox used the small church of Saint Thomas of the Germans until it was handed over to the Muslim authorities by the incumbent monk, who converted to Islam in 1451/1452.[2]

The Syriac Orthodox patriarch acquired the Monastery of Saint Mark from the Coptic Orthodox in 1472 and this has served ever since as the church of the bishops of Jerusalem.[5] There was a deputy metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem from the early 18th century to the office's abolition in 1858, who resided at the Monastery of Saint Mark, whilst the metropolitan bishop resided at the monastery of Saint Ananias in Tur Abdin.[6]

Ecclesiastical properties edit

The following ecclesiastical properties belong to the archdiocese:

The archdiocese also possesses minor rights of worship at the following churches:

List of bishops edit

The Syriac Orthodox Register of Episcopal Ordinations only goes back to 793. Michael the Syrian appended to his Chronicle a list of bishops of Jerusalem from James, brother of Jesus, down to his own time. It is identical to the Register for the bishops after 793. The bishops were of metropolitan rank.[9]

In the following list, a date range like 792×818 means "ordained between 792 and 818". Bishops before 793 cannot be dated at all. The list begins with the first bishop elected in opposition to the Council of Chalcedon (451), but the numbering takes into account the earlier bishops of Jerusalem.[10]

  • Theodosius (451–453)
  • Severus (590–635)
  • Anastasius
  • Martyrius
  • Sallustianus
  • Elias
  • Cyril II
  • Jeremy I
  • Thomas I
  • John I
  • Philoxenus I
  • Timothy I (792×818)
  • Job (816×845)
  • Ignatius I (816×846)
  • Joseph III (816×846)
  • John II (845×875)
  • Cyril III Noah (845×875)
  • Cyriacus
  • Severus (877×884)
  • Joseph IV (909×924)
  • Theodore (909×924)
  • Cyril IV (922×936)
  • Jeremy II (935×954)
  • Thomas II (964×986)
  • John III (1006×1031)
  • Philoxenus II (1003×1031)
  • Zacharias (1041×1058)
  • Thomas III (1041×1058)
  • Timothy II (1062×1074)[nb 1]
  • John IV (1079×1083)
  • Cyril V (1090×1130)
  • David (1090×1130)
  • Ignatius II Hesnun (1090×1130, died 1124/1125)
  • Ignatius III ibn Busayr of Gadina (1123×1140)
  • Ignatius IV Romanus (1138×1167)[nb 2]
  • Athanasius (1167×1200)
  • Ignatius V Sahdo (1167×1200)[nb 3]
  • Basil (fl. 1292–1295)[14]
  • Basil Simon (?–1421/1422)
  • Gregorius Joseph al-Gurji (c. 1510/1512–1537)[nb 4][15]
  • Gregorius Bahnam (c. 1530)
  • John of Mardin (d. 1577)[16]
  • Gregorius John of Gargar (d. 1585×1587)[nb 5]
  • Gregorius Behnam of Arbo (1590–1614)[18]
  • Abd al-Azal (1640)[11]
  • Gregorius Abdal Jaleel (1664–1671)[19]
  • Gregorius Simon II (1679–1692)[20]
  • Gregorius Simon III of Salah (1693–1719)[21]
  • Gregorius ‘Abd al-Ahad (1719–1731)[22]
  • Gregorius Barsoum (1720–1727)[23]
  • Gregorius Barsoum (1729–1737)[24]
  • Gregorius Sani’a (1731–1737)[25]
  • Gregorius Thomas (1737–1748)[26]
  • Gregorius George (1748–1773)[27]
  • Gregorius Bishara of Bitlis (1774–1789)[nb 6]
  • Athanasius Jacob (1785–1797)[29]
  • Dionysius Jacob (1798)[11]
  • Cyril ‘Abd al-Ahad (1799–1840)[29]
Deputy: Gregorius Jacob (?–1847)[30]
Deputy: Athanasius Yuhanna (1850–1864)[31]
Patriarchal delegate: Anthimos Jack Yakoub (2022–2023)[38]
  • Anthimos Jack Yakoub (2023–present)[39]

References edit

Notes

  1. ^ Barsoum places Timothy II's episcopate in c. 1080.[11]
  2. ^ Barsoum places Ignatius IV Romanus' episcopate in 1139–1183.[12]
  3. ^ Barsoum places Ignatius V Sahdo's episcopate from 1193 to his death in the first decade of the 13th century.[13]
  4. ^ Gregorius Joseph al-Gurji was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem, Homs, Damascus, Tripoli, and Mardin for a time.[15]
  5. ^ John of Gargar was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem and Tripoli.[17]
  6. ^ Bishara of Bitlis was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem and Amida from 1774 to 1783.[28]

Citations

  1. ^ Kiraz & Van Rompay (2011).
  2. ^ a b c Palmer (1991), pp. 26–31.
  3. ^ John of Würzburg 1890, pp. 23–24.
  4. ^ Church of St. Mary Magdalene
  5. ^ Palmer (1991), pp. 26–31; Barsoum (2003), p. 566.
  6. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 41; Barsoum (2009a).
  7. ^ "Church of the Mother of God, Bethlehem". Syriac Orthodox Resources. 22 September 2002. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  8. ^ Lynn, Kelly (18 September 2015). "Life on hold for Iraqi Christian refugees in Jordan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  9. ^ Palmer (1991), p. 27.
  10. ^ List drawn from Chabot 1905, p. 493 and Palmer 1991, pp. 36–37.
  11. ^ a b c Barsoum (2009b), p. 2.
  12. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 442.
  13. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 449.
  14. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 58.
  15. ^ a b Barsoum (2003), pp. 511–512.
  16. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 80.
  17. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 156.
  18. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 58; Barsoum (2003), p. 21.
  19. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 96.
  20. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 4, 15.
  21. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 77; Barsoum (2009a), p. 4.
  22. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 25.
  23. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 16.
  24. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 29.
  25. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 37.
  26. ^ Ignatius Jacob III (2008), p. 216.
  27. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 42–49.
  28. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 121.
  29. ^ a b Barsoum (2008), p. 59.
  30. ^ Barsoum (2008), pp. 41, 50.
  31. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 60.
  32. ^ Kiraz (2011).
  33. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 22.
  34. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 42.
  35. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 43.
  36. ^ "Consecration of Archbishop Patriarchal Vicar for Jerusalem". Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  37. ^ "WCC mourns passing of Archbishop Mor Gabriel Dahho". World Council of Churches. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  38. ^ "Two Patriarchal Delegates appointed by Syriac Orthodox Church to Holeb Archdiocese and Jerusalem, Jordan, and Holy Lands Archdiocese". Syriac Press. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  39. ^ "WCC congratulates Archbishop Mor Anthimos Jack Yakoub, patriarchal vicar for Jerusalem, Jordan, and the Holy Land". World Council of Churches. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.

Bibliography edit

  • Barsoum, Ephrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2008). History of the Za'faran Monastery. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2009a). History of the Syriac Dioceses. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2009b). The Collected Historical Essays of Aphram I Barsoum. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Chabot, Jean-Baptiste, ed. (1905). Chronique de Michel le Syrien. Vol. III. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
  • Ignatius Jacob III (2008). History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  • John of Würzburg (1890). Description of the Holy Land. Translated by Aubrey Stewart. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society.
  • Kiraz, George A. (2011). "ʿAbdullāh II Saṭṭūf". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Gorgias Press, electronic edition by Beth Mardutho. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  • Kiraz, George A.; Van Rompay, Lucas (2011). "Jerusalem". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Gorgias Press, electronic edition by Beth Mardutho. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  • Palmer, Andrew (1991). "The History of the Syrian Orthodox in Jerusalem". Oriens Christianus. 75: 16–43.
  • Palmer, Andrew (1992). "The History of the Syrian Orthodox in Jerusalem, Part II: Queen Melisende and the Jacobite Estates". Oriens Christianus. 76: 74–94.

January 01, 1970
syriac, orthodox, archbishop, jerusalem, syriac, orthodox, church, archbishop, jerusalem, originally, bishop, jerusalem, today, bears, additional, title, patriarchal, vicar, holy, land, jordan, currently, held, anthimos, jack, yakoub, archbishop, jerusalempatr. In the Syriac Orthodox Church the Archbishop of Jerusalem originally Bishop of Jerusalem today bears the additional title of Patriarchal Vicar of the Holy Land and Jordan 1 The see is currently held by Anthimos Jack Yakoub Archbishop of JerusalemPatriarchal Vicar of the Holy Land and JordanBishopricSyriac orthodox ChurchLeaders of the Jerusalem church in 1922Incumbent Anthimos Jack YakoubStyleArchbishop His EminenceInformationCathedralMonastery of Saint Mark Jerusalem Contents 1 History 2 Ecclesiastical properties 3 List of bishops 4 References 5 BibliographyHistory editThe first Syriac Orthodox church in Jerusalem was probably built between the Sasanian conquest 614 and the Islamic conquest 637 The Patriarch Michael the Syrian died 1199 implies that the church torn down by Harun al Rashid in 806 807 predated the Islamic conquest It was soon rebuilt by an Egyptian named Macarius of Naburwah Since almost all of the known bishops were monks there must also have been at least a rudimentary monastic community 2 The church appears to have been destroyed at the time of the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre In 1092 Mansur of Tilbana another Egyptian built what was then the only Syriac Orthodox church in the city In the first quarter of the 12th century Bishop Ignatius II rebuilt the destroyed church and monastery It was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene and later also to Simon the Pharisee Shortly after 1125 Ignatius III constructed a hostel with a courtyard across from the church 2 According to John of Wurzburg writing later in the century this church was believed to have formerly been the house of Simon the Leper 3 It is located near the Church of Saint Anne on the northeastern side of the city 4 After the Ayyyubid conquest in 1187 the church and monastery were transformed into a Muslim school The bishops were only able again to occupy it again briefly when the city was in Christian hands between the Sixth Crusade 1229 and the Khwarazmian conquest 1244 Thereafter the Syriac Orthodox used the small church of Saint Thomas of the Germans until it was handed over to the Muslim authorities by the incumbent monk who converted to Islam in 1451 1452 2 The Syriac Orthodox patriarch acquired the Monastery of Saint Mark from the Coptic Orthodox in 1472 and this has served ever since as the church of the bishops of Jerusalem 5 There was a deputy metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem from the early 18th century to the office s abolition in 1858 who resided at the Monastery of Saint Mark whilst the metropolitan bishop resided at the monastery of Saint Ananias in Tur Abdin 6 Ecclesiastical properties editThe following ecclesiastical properties belong to the archdiocese Monastery of Saint Mark Chapel of Saint Joseph of Arimathea and Saint Nicodemus in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre Church of the Mother of God Bethlehem Palestine 7 Church of Saint Ephrem Amman Jordan 8 The archdiocese also possesses minor rights of worship at the following churches Church of the Nativity Church of the Tomb of the Virgin MaryList of bishops editThe Syriac Orthodox Register of Episcopal Ordinations only goes back to 793 Michael the Syrian appended to his Chronicle a list of bishops of Jerusalem from James brother of Jesus down to his own time It is identical to the Register for the bishops after 793 The bishops were of metropolitan rank 9 In the following list a date range like 792 818 means ordained between 792 and 818 Bishops before 793 cannot be dated at all The list begins with the first bishop elected in opposition to the Council of Chalcedon 451 but the numbering takes into account the earlier bishops of Jerusalem 10 Theodosius 451 453 Severus 590 635 Anastasius Martyrius Sallustianus Elias Cyril II Jeremy I Thomas I John I Philoxenus I Timothy I 792 818 Job 816 845 Ignatius I 816 846 Joseph III 816 846 John II 845 875 Cyril III Noah 845 875 Cyriacus Severus 877 884 Joseph IV 909 924 Theodore 909 924 Cyril IV 922 936 Jeremy II 935 954 Thomas II 964 986 John III 1006 1031 Philoxenus II 1003 1031 Zacharias 1041 1058 Thomas III 1041 1058 Timothy II 1062 1074 nb 1 John IV 1079 1083 Cyril V 1090 1130 David 1090 1130 Ignatius II Hesnun 1090 1130 died 1124 1125 Ignatius III ibn Busayr of Gadina 1123 1140 Ignatius IV Romanus 1138 1167 nb 2 Athanasius 1167 1200 Ignatius V Sahdo 1167 1200 nb 3 Basil fl 1292 1295 14 Basil Simon 1421 1422 Gregorius Joseph al Gurji c 1510 1512 1537 nb 4 15 Gregorius Bahnam c 1530 John of Mardin d 1577 16 Gregorius John of Gargar d 1585 1587 nb 5 Gregorius Behnam of Arbo 1590 1614 18 Abd al Azal 1640 11 Gregorius Abdal Jaleel 1664 1671 19 Gregorius Simon II 1679 1692 20 Gregorius Simon III of Salah 1693 1719 21 Gregorius Abd al Ahad 1719 1731 22 Gregorius Barsoum 1720 1727 23 Gregorius Barsoum 1729 1737 24 Gregorius Sani a 1731 1737 25 Gregorius Thomas 1737 1748 26 Gregorius George 1748 1773 27 Gregorius Bishara of Bitlis 1774 1789 nb 6 Athanasius Jacob 1785 1797 29 Dionysius Jacob 1798 11 Cyril Abd al Ahad 1799 1840 29 Deputy Gregorius Jacob 1847 30 Deputy Athanasius Yuhanna 1850 1864 31 Gregorius Abded Sattuf 1872 1880 32 George Kassab of Sadad d 1896 33 Iyawannis Elias 1896 1908 34 Gregorius Ephrem 1909 35 Athanasius Yeshue Samuel 1946 1957 Dionysius Behnan Jijjawi 1957 1996 Sewerus Malki Mourad 1996 2018 Gabriel Dahho 2019 2022 36 37 Patriarchal delegate Anthimos Jack Yakoub 2022 2023 38 Anthimos Jack Yakoub 2023 present 39 References editNotes Barsoum places Timothy II s episcopate in c 1080 11 Barsoum places Ignatius IV Romanus episcopate in 1139 1183 12 Barsoum places Ignatius V Sahdo s episcopate from 1193 to his death in the first decade of the 13th century 13 Gregorius Joseph al Gurji was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem Homs Damascus Tripoli and Mardin for a time 15 John of Gargar was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem and Tripoli 17 Bishara of Bitlis was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem and Amida from 1774 to 1783 28 Citations Kiraz amp Van Rompay 2011 a b c Palmer 1991 pp 26 31 John of Wurzburg 1890 pp 23 24 Church of St Mary Magdalene Palmer 1991 pp 26 31 Barsoum 2003 p 566 Barsoum 2008 p 41 Barsoum 2009a Church of the Mother of God Bethlehem Syriac Orthodox Resources 22 September 2002 Retrieved 11 December 2021 Lynn Kelly 18 September 2015 Life on hold for Iraqi Christian refugees in Jordan Al Jazeera Retrieved 11 December 2021 Palmer 1991 p 27 List drawn from Chabot 1905 p 493 and Palmer 1991 pp 36 37 a b c Barsoum 2009b p 2 Barsoum 2003 p 442 Barsoum 2003 p 449 Barsoum 2008 p 58 a b Barsoum 2003 pp 511 512 Barsoum 2003 p 80 Barsoum 2003 p 156 Barsoum 2008 p 58 Barsoum 2003 p 21 Barsoum 2009a p 96 Barsoum 2009a pp 4 15 Barsoum 2008 p 77 Barsoum 2009a p 4 Barsoum 2009a p 25 Barsoum 2009a p 16 Barsoum 2009a p 29 Barsoum 2009a p 37 Ignatius Jacob III 2008 p 216 Barsoum 2009a pp 42 49 Barsoum 2009a p 121 a b Barsoum 2008 p 59 Barsoum 2008 pp 41 50 Barsoum 2008 p 60 Kiraz 2011 Barsoum 2003 p 22 Barsoum 2008 p 42 Barsoum 2009a p 43 Consecration of Archbishop Patriarchal Vicar for Jerusalem Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 10 April 2019 Retrieved 13 December 2021 WCC mourns passing of Archbishop Mor Gabriel Dahho World Council of Churches 22 July 2022 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Two Patriarchal Delegates appointed by Syriac Orthodox Church to Holeb Archdiocese and Jerusalem Jordan and Holy Lands Archdiocese Syriac Press 29 July 2022 Retrieved 6 August 2022 WCC congratulates Archbishop Mor Anthimos Jack Yakoub patriarchal vicar for Jerusalem Jordan and the Holy Land World Council of Churches 2 February 2023 Retrieved 10 March 2023 Bibliography editBarsoum Ephrem 2003 The Scattered Pearls A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences Translated by Matti Moosa 2nd ed Gorgias Press Retrieved 14 July 2020 Barsoum Aphrem 2008 History of the Za faran Monastery Translated by Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Retrieved 26 June 2021 Barsoum Aphrem 2009a History of the Syriac Dioceses Vol 1 Translated by Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Retrieved 26 June 2021 Barsoum Aphrem 2009b The Collected Historical Essays of Aphram I Barsoum Vol 1 Translated by Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Retrieved 26 June 2021 Chabot Jean Baptiste ed 1905 Chronique de Michel le Syrien Vol III Paris Ernest Leroux Ignatius Jacob III 2008 History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul Translated by Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Retrieved 25 May 2021 John of Wurzburg 1890 Description of the Holy Land Translated by Aubrey Stewart London Palestine Pilgrims Text Society Kiraz George A 2011 ʿAbdullah II Saṭṭuf In Sebastian P Brock Aaron M Butts George A Kiraz Lucas Van Rompay eds Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage Gorgias Press electronic edition by Beth Mardutho Retrieved 17 July 2020 Kiraz George A Van Rompay Lucas 2011 Jerusalem In Sebastian P Brock Aaron M Butts George A Kiraz Lucas Van Rompay eds Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage Gorgias Press electronic edition by Beth Mardutho Retrieved 7 June 2020 Palmer Andrew 1991 The History of the Syrian Orthodox in Jerusalem Oriens Christianus 75 16 43 Palmer Andrew 1992 The History of the Syrian Orthodox in Jerusalem Part II Queen Melisende and the Jacobite Estates Oriens Christianus 76 74 94 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Syriac Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem amp oldid 1211483258, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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