The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors (GM) was a leading research, design and production facility of diesel engines from the 1930s to the 1960s that was based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division designed several 2 stroke diesel engines for submarines, tugboats, destroyer escorts, Patapsco-class gasoline tankers and other marine applications. Emergency generator sets were also built around the Cleveland Diesel and were installed in many US warships. The division was created in 1938 from the GM-owned Winton Engine Corporation and was folded into the GM Electro-Motive Division in 1962. The engines continue in use today on older tugs.
Cleveland Diesel traces it roots to the Winton Gas Engine and Manufacturing Company, which was formed by the early Cleveland automobile manufacturer Alexander Winton in November 1912. Winton soon expanded into production of heavy spark-ignition and diesel engines, introducing the first American diesel in 1913. Renamed the Winton Engine Works in 1916, it manufactured marine and stationary diesel engines and spark-ignition engines for heavy vehicles. It was renamed again as the Winton Engine Company. During the 1920s, Winton became the main supplier of engines for self-propelled railcars.[1] George W. Codrington replaced Winton as the president in 1928. General Motors purchased the company on June 20, 1930 and renamed it the Winton Engine Corporation on June 30, 1930. GM changed the name in 1938 to the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Corporation.[2][3] Cleveland Diesel was dissolved by GM in 1962, with its remaining production moved under the GM Electro-Motive Division.
Winton Engine Corporation
Winton Engine Corporation embarked on a sustained research and development effort in partnership with the General Motors Research Division to develop diesel engines with improved power-to-weight ratios and output flexibility.[1] That effort produced the first practical two-strokediesel engines in the 400 to 1,200 hp (300 to 900 kW) range. The 2-stroke Winton Model 201A engines featured uniflow scavenging with intake ports in the cylinder walls and exhaust valves in the cylinder heads, and mechanical injection, which would carry over to later Cleveland Diesel designs. The 12 and 16 cylinder variants were 60 degree V type engines. They powered early Electro-Motive Corporation (another GM subsidiary) diesel locomotives and U.S. Navysubmarines. In 1934 an 8-cylinder, 600-horsepower (447 kW), 8-201A diesel engine powered the first American diesel-powered train, the Burlington Zephyr streamliner passenger train. The research and development efforts in the mid-1930s branched into engines for locomotive (Model 567) and marine and stationary (Models 268 and 268A) use, produced under Winton's successor, the GM Cleveland Diesel Engine Division, and smaller diesel engines suited for road vehicles, introduced by GM's Detroit Diesel division in 1938.[4][5][6]
Charles F. ("Boss") Kettering was the head of the GM Research Division in the 1930s. Boss Kettering oversaw the efforts that produced the Winton 201A, and the first engines produced under the Cleveland Diesel and Detroit Diesel names.
Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors
GM reorganized the Winton Engine Corporation in 1938 as the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors. Locomotive engines were moved to the authority of GM's Electro-Motive Division in a January 1941 reorganization. The Cleveland Diesel Model 248 series resulted from a series of design changes to the Winton 201A engine. Further changes and increases in cylinder displacements resulted in the Model 278, and 278A during World War II.[4] Cleveland diesel engines were used widely by the U.S. Navy in World War II, powering submarines, destroyer escorts, and numerous auxiliaries. They were also installed as generator sets and as auxiliary drives in many US warships built during the 1930s into the 1960s.[4][7][8][9][10][11]
98% of Cleveland Diesel's business was government contracts by 1939.[2] The plant was expanded in 1941, producing an estimated 70% of the diesel engines used in U.S. Navy's submarines during World War II. Employment rose to 5,000 during World War II but by 1947 dropped to 1,000. Production expanded again in the 1950s during the Cold War and Cleveland Diesel acquired the plants at 2160 W. 106th St. and 8200 Clinton Road in Cleveland, Ohio. The development and production of nuclear powered submarines in the U.S. Navy during the 1950s reduced the need for Cleveland Diesels and in 1962 General Motors closed the Cleveland plants, moving their remaining production to the Electro-Motive Division facility in LaGrange, Illinois.[2]
Cleveland Diesel Engines
Reliability issues with the Winton Model 201A led to its replacement with the improved Model 248 for marine use and Model 567 for locomotive use. The Model 16-201A diesels in early fleet submarines such as the Porpoise class were eventually replaced with the Cleveland diesel 12-278A during World War II.[12]
The Model 248 was offered in 8, 12 and 16-cylinder V type layouts. The two-stroke, Uniflow-scavenged engines employ a gear driven Roots blower on the front of the engine which provided aspiration for the cylinders. It is a medium speed marine diesel designed to operate at 750 rpm.[13]
The Cleveland Diesel Model 248 cylinder displacement was increased in the Model 248A and further redesign for production simplification resulted in the Model 278 with aluminum pistons. In early World War Two it was redesigned again for increased cylinder displacement and horsepower resulting in the Model 278A with steel pistons. The Model 278A engine was built in 6, 8, 12, and 16-cylinder variants. The Cleveland Diesel Division product line produced it through the late 1950s.[4][6]
The Model 567 was a purpose-built locomotive engine introduced by Cleveland Diesel in 1938. It was a two stroke, uniflow scavenged, roots blown, unit injected engine with intake ports in the cylinder walls and exhaust valves in the cylinder head. It was produced in 6, 8, 12, and 16 cylinder variants. The 12 and 16 cylinder variants were in a 45 degree V configuration. In January 1941 production was moved under the authority of the GM Electro-Motive Division.
Cleveland Diesel Engine Division produced the following engines:
The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors built the majority of submarine engines during World War II. The Model 16-248 and 16-278A were installed in many of the Salmon, Sargo, Tambor, Gato, and Balao classes of diesel electric submarines built in World War II and they continued to operate in US service until the 1980s and in foreign service until the 2000s. Two models of the Cleveland diesels were used as main engines in World War II era fleet type submarines, the Model 16-248 and Model 16-278A. The 16-248 was installed in Cleveland diesel equipped submarines until the Model 16-278 was introduced. Cleveland diesel installations since early World War II were Model 16-278A engines.
They are of a 16-cylinder V-type engine with two banks of eight cylinders each The engines operates on the 2-stroke cycle principle, are air started, and are rated at 1600 bhp at 756 rpm on the 16-248 and 750 rpm on the 16-278A. The size of the bore and stroke of the 16-248 engine is 8+1⁄2 inches and 10+1⁄2 inches respectively as compared to 8+3⁄4 inches and 10+1⁄2 inches for Model 16-278A. Both models were connected to electric generators that provided DC power to the electric drive that turned the shafts.
The Cleveland Diesel Model 268 inline diesel was used as an auxiliary engine in many fleet submarines and as emergency backup generators on larger warships. They also found use in commercial applications. The 8-cylinder, in-line, 2-cycle, air starting engine, rated at 300 kW generator output at 1200 rpm. The size of the bore and stroke is 6+3⁄8 inches and 7 inches respectively.[19] The small displacement Barracuda class used three 8-268A Cleveland diesels which developed 1050 shp.
^ abKettering, E.W. (November 29, 1951). History and Development of the 567 Series General Motors Locomotive Engine. ASME 1951 Annual Meeting. Atlantic City, New Jersey: Electro-Motive Division, General Motors Corporation.
^ abc"Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Corp". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018.
^"Winton, Alexander". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 12, 2018.
^ abcd"Cleveland Diesel Model 278A". Old Marine Engines. Tugboat Enthusiasts Society of the Americas. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
^Pinkpank, Jerry A. (1973). The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide. Kalmbach Books. pp. 25–26. LCCN 66-22894.
^ abWittmer, Paul. . Subvetpaul.com. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018.
^Silverstone, Paul H. (1966). U.S. Warships of World War II. Doubleday and Company. pp. 164–167.
^Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. Crescent Books (Random House). 1998. pp. 288, 290–291. ISBN0517-67963-9.
^. Photographic History of the U.S. Navy. NavSource Naval History. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
^"NavSource USS Cannon DE 99". Photographic History of the U.S. Navy. NavSource Naval History. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
^"NavSource USS Sotoyomo ATA 121". Photographic History of the U.S. Navy. NavSource Naval History. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
^Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy (Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p. 58.
^The Fleet Type Submarine Main Propulsion Diesels Manual. U.S. Navy. September 2008. p. 34. ISBN978-1-93532-7035 – via Google Books.
^"Chapter 3: Engines and Engine Components". NavPers 16161: Submarine Main Propulsion Diesels. U.S. Navy. June 1946 – via Maritime Park Association.
External links
Christley, Jim (1998). "Diesel Fast Attack Submarines: Harder, Darter (??), Trigger, Trout ... ...Always In, Never Out?". ss563.org.
December 26, 2022
cleveland, diesel, engine, division, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates,. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors GM was a leading research design and production facility of diesel engines from the 1930s to the 1960s that was based in Cleveland Ohio The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division designed several 2 stroke diesel engines for submarines tugboats destroyer escorts Patapsco class gasoline tankers and other marine applications Emergency generator sets were also built around the Cleveland Diesel and were installed in many US warships The division was created in 1938 from the GM owned Winton Engine Corporation and was folded into the GM Electro Motive Division in 1962 The engines continue in use today on older tugs Cleveland Diesel Engine DivisionTypeSubsidiary of General MotorsIndustryMarine Diesel EnginesPredecessorWinton Engine CorporationFounded1938Defunct1962FateFolded into Electro Motive DivisionHeadquartersCleveland Ohio United StatesKey peopleCharles KetteringProductsDiesel enginesNumber of employees5 000 during World War IIParentGeneral Motors Contents 1 History 1 1 Winton Engine Corporation 1 2 Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors 2 Cleveland Diesel Engines 3 Cleveland diesel powered fleet submarines 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditCleveland Diesel traces it roots to the Winton Gas Engine and Manufacturing Company which was formed by the early Cleveland automobile manufacturer Alexander Winton in November 1912 Winton soon expanded into production of heavy spark ignition and diesel engines introducing the first American diesel in 1913 Renamed the Winton Engine Works in 1916 it manufactured marine and stationary diesel engines and spark ignition engines for heavy vehicles It was renamed again as the Winton Engine Company During the 1920s Winton became the main supplier of engines for self propelled railcars 1 George W Codrington replaced Winton as the president in 1928 General Motors purchased the company on June 20 1930 and renamed it the Winton Engine Corporation on June 30 1930 GM changed the name in 1938 to the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Corporation 2 3 Cleveland Diesel was dissolved by GM in 1962 with its remaining production moved under the GM Electro Motive Division Winton Engine Corporation Edit Winton Engine Corporation embarked on a sustained research and development effort in partnership with the General Motors Research Division to develop diesel engines with improved power to weight ratios and output flexibility 1 That effort produced the first practical two stroke diesel engines in the 400 to 1 200 hp 300 to 900 kW range The 2 stroke Winton Model 201A engines featured uniflow scavenging with intake ports in the cylinder walls and exhaust valves in the cylinder heads and mechanical injection which would carry over to later Cleveland Diesel designs The 12 and 16 cylinder variants were 60 degree V type engines They powered early Electro Motive Corporation another GM subsidiary diesel locomotives and U S Navy submarines In 1934 an 8 cylinder 600 horsepower 447 kW 8 201A diesel engine powered the first American diesel powered train the Burlington Zephyr streamliner passenger train The research and development efforts in the mid 1930s branched into engines for locomotive Model 567 and marine and stationary Models 268 and 268A use produced under Winton s successor the GM Cleveland Diesel Engine Division and smaller diesel engines suited for road vehicles introduced by GM s Detroit Diesel division in 1938 4 5 6 Charles F Boss Kettering was the head of the GM Research Division in the 1930s Boss Kettering oversaw the efforts that produced the Winton 201A and the first engines produced under the Cleveland Diesel and Detroit Diesel names Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Edit GM reorganized the Winton Engine Corporation in 1938 as the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Locomotive engines were moved to the authority of GM s Electro Motive Division in a January 1941 reorganization The Cleveland Diesel Model 248 series resulted from a series of design changes to the Winton 201A engine Further changes and increases in cylinder displacements resulted in the Model 278 and 278A during World War II 4 Cleveland diesel engines were used widely by the U S Navy in World War II powering submarines destroyer escorts and numerous auxiliaries They were also installed as generator sets and as auxiliary drives in many US warships built during the 1930s into the 1960s 4 7 8 9 10 11 98 of Cleveland Diesel s business was government contracts by 1939 2 The plant was expanded in 1941 producing an estimated 70 of the diesel engines used in U S Navy s submarines during World War II Employment rose to 5 000 during World War II but by 1947 dropped to 1 000 Production expanded again in the 1950s during the Cold War and Cleveland Diesel acquired the plants at 2160 W 106th St and 8200 Clinton Road in Cleveland Ohio The development and production of nuclear powered submarines in the U S Navy during the 1950s reduced the need for Cleveland Diesels and in 1962 General Motors closed the Cleveland plants moving their remaining production to the Electro Motive Division facility in LaGrange Illinois 2 Cleveland Diesel Engines EditReliability issues with the Winton Model 201A led to its replacement with the improved Model 248 for marine use and Model 567 for locomotive use The Model 16 201A diesels in early fleet submarines such as the Porpoise class were eventually replaced with the Cleveland diesel 12 278A during World War II 12 The Model 248 was offered in 8 12 and 16 cylinder V type layouts The two stroke Uniflow scavenged engines employ a gear driven Roots blower on the front of the engine which provided aspiration for the cylinders It is a medium speed marine diesel designed to operate at 750 rpm 13 The Cleveland Diesel Model 248 cylinder displacement was increased in the Model 248A and further redesign for production simplification resulted in the Model 278 with aluminum pistons In early World War Two it was redesigned again for increased cylinder displacement and horsepower resulting in the Model 278A with steel pistons The Model 278A engine was built in 6 8 12 and 16 cylinder variants The Cleveland Diesel Division product line produced it through the late 1950s 4 6 The Model 567 was a purpose built locomotive engine introduced by Cleveland Diesel in 1938 It was a two stroke uniflow scavenged roots blown unit injected engine with intake ports in the cylinder walls and exhaust valves in the cylinder head It was produced in 6 8 12 and 16 cylinder variants The 12 and 16 cylinder variants were in a 45 degree V configuration In January 1941 production was moved under the authority of the GM Electro Motive Division Cleveland Diesel Engine Division produced the following engines 248 8 12 16 Cylinder 3 of 6 Salmon class submarines 4 16 cylinder engines 2 hydraulic drive 2 electric Snapper SS 185 Stingray SS 186 Sturgeon SS 187 6 of 10 Sargo class submarines 4 16 cylinder engines Sculpin SS 191 Squalus SS 192 2 hydraulic 2 electric Swordfish SS 193 Sealion SS 195 Searaven SS 196 Seawolf SS 197 4 electric 7 Fulton class submarine tenders 8 16 248 engines diesel electric drive 8 motors 2 gearboxes 2 shafts a portion of 77 Gato class submarines 4 16 cylinder engines a portion of 120 Balao class submarines 4 16 cylinder engines 258 12 Cylinder 4 stroke direct reversing 258S 16 Cylinder 4 stroke turbocharged direct reversing 88 of 343 PC 461 class submarine chasers 2 x 1 440 bhp 16 cylinder engines Farrel Birmingham single reduction gear 268 3 4 6 8 Cylinder 268A 3 4 6 8 Cylinder 195 of 438 SC 497 class submarine chasers 2 8 268A 481 YMS 1 class minesweepers 2 8 268A 440shp driving 2 shafts 97 Evarts class destroyer escorts including 32 Captain class frigates 14 2 8 268A 350HP electrical systems 2 3 268A 150HP electrical backup and while docked 72 Cannon class destroyer escorts 14 2 8 268A 350HP electrical systems 2 3 268A 150HP electrical backup and while docked 268A NM 8 Cylinder 278 6 8 12 16 Cylinder 24 of 95 Auk class minesweepers 2 x 1 766shp 12 cylinder electric drive single reduction gear 2 shafts 10 of 29 Cherokee class tugboats 4 12 278 diesel electric 1 Fairbanks Morse reduction gears 1 shaft 3 000shp 278A 6 8 12 16 Cylinder 14 15 97 Evarts class destroyer escorts diesel electric 4 16 cylinder engines main propulsion 72 Cannon class destroyer escorts diesel electric 4 16 cylinder engines main propulsion 57 of 343 PC 461 class submarine chasers 2 x 1 440 bhp 16 cylinder engines Farrel Birmingham single reduction gear N of 68 PCE 842 class patrol craft Falk single reduction gearing 2 12 cylinder engines 2 shafts Crestview PCE 895 Gettysburg PCE 904 16 PCE 881 replacing 567A engines PCE 882 PCE 855 PCE 858 PCE 860 PCE 886 17 a portion of 77 Gato class submarines 4 16 cylinder engines a portion of 120 Balao class submarines 4 16 cylinder engines 1 of 29 Tench class submarines 4 16 cylinder engines the only one built and finished by Electric Boat Corsair SS 435 20 of 95 Auk class minesweepers 2 x 1 766shp 12 cylinder electric drive single reduction gear 2 shafts 49 Sotoyomo class tugboats 2 12 278A diesel electric engines 1 Fairbanks Morse reduction gears 1 shaft 1 200shp 16 of 29 Cherokee class tugboats 4 12 278A diesel electric 0 or 1 Fairbanks Morse reduction gears 1 shaft 3 000shp or 3 600shp 23 Patapsco class gasoline tankers 4 12 278A diesel electric 2 shafts 3 300 hp 69 of 1052 Landing Ship Tank 2 12 cylinder engines 2 shafts 1 700shp 932 979 1060 1080 278A NM 8 12 Cylinder 241 6 cylinder 4 stroke 288 12 Cylinder direct reversing 2 of 35 Barnegat class seaplane tenders 2 shafts 6 080shp Barnegat AVP 10 Biscayne AVP 11 the rest used Fairbanks Morse 38 8 1 8 diesel engines 338 16 Cylinder vertical radial 498 8 12 16 Cylinder 498 NM 8 Cylinder 358H 16 Cylinder Horizontal radial 567 6 8 12 16 Cylinder two stroke locomotive engine 1938 1940 3 of 29 Cherokee class tugboats 4 12 567 diesel electric 1 Fairbanks Morse reduction gears 1 shaft 3 000shp 567A 49 of 68 PCE 842 class patrol craft 18 2 12 cylinder engines Falk single reduction gear 2 shafts PCE 827 PC 854 PCE 859 PCE 867 PCE 877 PCE 879 PCE 881 PCE 883 PCE 885 PCE 891 PCE 894 983 of 1052 Landing Ship Tank Mk 2 2 12 cylinder engines 2 shafts 1 700shp 1 931 minus 100 cancelled in that range 980 1059 1081 1152Cleveland diesel powered fleet submarines Edit General Motors Cleveland Model 16 248 V16 diesel engine The USS Cod one of the World War II submarines with General Motors Cleveland diesel engines The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors built the majority of submarine engines during World War II The Model 16 248 and 16 278A were installed in many of the Salmon Sargo Tambor Gato and Balao classes of diesel electric submarines built in World War II and they continued to operate in US service until the 1980s and in foreign service until the 2000s Two models of the Cleveland diesels were used as main engines in World War II era fleet type submarines the Model 16 248 and Model 16 278A The 16 248 was installed in Cleveland diesel equipped submarines until the Model 16 278 was introduced Cleveland diesel installations since early World War II were Model 16 278A engines They are of a 16 cylinder V type engine with two banks of eight cylinders each The engines operates on the 2 stroke cycle principle are air started and are rated at 1600 bhp at 756 rpm on the 16 248 and 750 rpm on the 16 278A The size of the bore and stroke of the 16 248 engine is 8 1 2 inches and 10 1 2 inches respectively as compared to 8 3 4 inches and 10 1 2 inches for Model 16 278A Both models were connected to electric generators that provided DC power to the electric drive that turned the shafts The Cleveland Diesel Model 268 inline diesel was used as an auxiliary engine in many fleet submarines and as emergency backup generators on larger warships They also found use in commercial applications The 8 cylinder in line 2 cycle air starting engine rated at 300 kW generator output at 1200 rpm The size of the bore and stroke is 6 3 8 inches and 7 inches respectively 19 The small displacement Barracuda class used three 8 268A Cleveland diesels which developed 1050 shp See also EditDiesel Engine Fairbanks Morse Hooven Owens Rentschler Electro Motive DieselReferences Edit a b Kettering E W November 29 1951 History and Development of the 567 Series General Motors Locomotive Engine ASME 1951 Annual Meeting Atlantic City New Jersey Electro Motive Division General Motors Corporation a b c Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Corp Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University May 11 2018 Winton Alexander Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University May 12 2018 a b c d Cleveland Diesel Model 278A Old Marine Engines Tugboat Enthusiasts Society of the Americas Retrieved March 3 2013 Pinkpank Jerry A 1973 The Second Diesel Spotter s Guide Kalmbach Books pp 25 26 LCCN 66 22894 a b Wittmer Paul U S Submarine Engines Subvetpaul com Archived from the original on February 28 2018 Silverstone Paul H 1966 U S Warships of World War II Doubleday and Company pp 164 167 Jane s Fighting Ships of World War II Crescent Books Random House 1998 pp 288 290 291 ISBN 0517 67963 9 NavSource USS Balao SS 285 Photographic History of the U S Navy NavSource Naval History Archived from the original on October 25 2012 Retrieved March 3 2013 NavSource USS Cannon DE 99 Photographic History of the U S Navy NavSource Naval History Retrieved March 4 2013 NavSource USS Sotoyomo ATA 121 Photographic History of the U S Navy NavSource Naval History Retrieved March 4 2013 Alden John D Commander USN retired The Fleet Submarine in the U S Navy Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press 1979 p 58 The Fleet Type Submarine Main Propulsion Diesels Manual U S Navy September 2008 p 34 ISBN 978 1 93532 7035 via Google Books a b c https usautoindustryworldwartwo com General 20Motors cleveland diesel htm navsource org individual ship pages Crestview PCE 895 navsource says 12 578A engine probably typo as stated in each ship s navsource page Chapter 3 Engines and Engine Components NavPers 16161 Submarine Main Propulsion Diesels U S Navy June 1946 via Maritime Park Association External links EditChristley Jim 1998 Diesel Fast Attack Submarines Harder Darter Trigger Trout Always In Never Out ss563 org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cleveland Diesel Engine Division amp oldid 1117366572, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
