Sunnyhills
Sunnyhills | |
|---|---|
Moreton Bay fig tree in a public park in Sunnyhills on a foggy morning | |
| Coordinates: 36°54′16″S 174°52′58″E / 36.9045°S 174.8828°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| City | Auckland |
| Local authority | Auckland Council |
| Electoral ward | Howick ward |
| Local board | Howick Local Board |
| Area | |
| • Land | 240 ha (590 acres) |
| Population (June 2022)[2] | |
| • Total | 7,020 |
Sunnyhills is a suburb of East Auckland, New Zealand, located on the eastern banks of the Tāmaki River near Pakuranga. Previously farmland within the Pakuranga Town District, suburban housing developed in the area in the mid-1960s.
Geography Edit
Sunnyhills is a suburb of East Auckland located on the eastern shores of the Tāmaki River, an estuarial drowned river valley.[3][4] The shoreline along Sunnyhills at Sanctuary Point is notable for its deposits of white volcanic tephra at the base of the cliffs.[5]
History Edit
The Sunnyhills area is part of the rohe of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, who descend from the crew of the Tainui migratory waka, who visited the area around the year 1300.[6] The mouth of the Tāmaki River was traditionally known as Te Wai ō Tāiki ("The Waters of Tāiki"), named after the Ngāi Tai ancestor Tāiki. Tāiki settled with his followers along the eastern shores of the Tāmaki River, alongside the descendants of Huiārangi of the early iwi Te Tini ō Maruiwi.[7] Ngāi Tai created extensive cultivations along the eastern shores of the Tāmaki River.[6] Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain was an important pā site for Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, named after ancestress Huiārangi, daughter of Tāmaki of Te Tini ō Maruiwi.[6] The slopes of the mountain and surrounding areas were home to stonefield gardens, and the mountain was an important location for snaring kererū.[6] In approximately the first half of the 18th century, Ngāriki, a rangatira of Ngāi Tai, built a fortified pā at Te Naupata (Musick Point), the headland at the end of the peninsula, called Te Waiārohia (a shortening of Te Waiārohia ō Ngāriki).[7][8] The followers of Ngāriki also settled at the Ōhuiarangi pā.[9]
During the Musket Wars in the 1820s, members of Ngāi Tai fled to the Waikato for temporary refuge. When English missionary William Thomas Fairburn visited the area in 1833, it was mostly unoccupied.[10][11][12] In 1836, William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland, East Auckland and the Pōhutukawa Coast.[13] The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in the area, unchanged by this sale.[14] In 1854 when Fairburn's purchase was investigated by the New Zealand Land Commission, a Ngāi Tai reserve was created around the Wairoa River and Umupuia areas, and as a part of the agreement, members of Ngāi Tai agreed to leave their traditional settlements to the west.[15][10]
European settlement Edit
The Pakuranga area was sold by Government auction in 1843.[16] In 1847, Howick was established as a defensive outpost for Auckland, by fencibles (retired British Army soldiers) and their families.[17] By the latter 19th Century, the Pakuranga area had developed English countryside, dominated by poplar, oak and willow trees.[18] Wheat fields were a major source of income, which were gradually replaced with dairy farms by the 1940s.[19] By 1956, Pakuranga had grown in size enough that the Pakuranga County Town was established within Manukau County.[20]
Pakuranga saw major growth from the 1950s, with new subdivisions developed in the area.[21][22] Sunnyhills (also referred to as Sunny Hills or Sunnyhill) was one of these developments, which was constructed in the mid-1960s. Sunnyhills was lauded for the individual designs of houses, and for modern features such as underground telephone and power cables.[23] In October 1970, Sunnyhills Primary School was opened.[24]
Demographics Edit
Sunnyhills covers 2.40 km2 (0.93 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 7,020 as of June 2022,[2] with a population density of 2,925 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 6,384 | — |
| 2013 | 6,615 | +0.51% |
| 2018 | 6,885 | +0.80% |
| Source: [25] | ||
Sunnyhills had a population of 6,885 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 270 people (4.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 501 people (7.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,334 households, comprising 3,282 males and 3,603 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.91 males per female, with 1,302 people (18.9%) aged under 15 years, 1,230 (17.9%) aged 15 to 29, 3,042 (44.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,311 (19.0%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 55.2% European/Pākehā, 6.2% Māori, 3.8% Pacific peoples, 40.1% Asian, and 3.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 47.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 45.4% had no religion, 36.6% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 4.2% were Hindu, 1.7% were Muslim, 2.6% were Buddhist and 3.5% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 1,674 (30.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 708 (12.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,128 people (20.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,601 (46.6%) people were employed full-time, 729 (13.1%) were part-time, and 177 (3.2%) were unemployed.[25]
Education Edit
Sunnyhills School is a coeducational full primary school (years 1-8) with a roll of 456 as of April 2023.[28][29] St Mark's Catholic School is a state-integrated coeducational contributing primary school (years 1-6) with a roll of 199 as of April 2023.[28][30] Other schools in the Pakuranga area close to Sunnyhills are: Riverina Primary School, Wakaaranga Primary School, Anchorage Park Primary School, Farm Cove Intermediate, Pakuranga Intermediate, Saint Kentigern College, Pakuranga College and Edgewater College.
References Edit
- ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
- ^ Land Air Water Aotearoa. "Tāmaki Estuary". Auckland Council. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ "Sunnyhills". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ La Roche, Alan 2011, pp. 322.
- ^ a b c d Green, Nathew (2011). From Hawaīki to Howick – A Ngāi Tai History. pp. 16–33. ISBN 978-0-473-18547-3. Wikidata Q118445128.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ a b Green, Nat (2010). Ōtau: a Ngāi Tai Cultural Heritage Assessment of Clevedon Village, Wairoa Valley (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ La Roche, Alan 2011, pp. 133.
- ^ La Roche, Alan 2011, pp. 142.
- ^ a b Heritage Department of the Auckland Regional Council. "Duder Regional Park – Our History" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of settlement schedule documents" (PDF). NZ Government. (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ "Te Naupata / Musick Point". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "13 June 1865". Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. MJ_0760. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ Moore, D; Rigby, B; Russell, M (July 1997). Rangahaua Whanui National Theme A: Old Land Claims (PDF) (Report). Waitangi Tribunal. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ Clough, Tom; Apfel, Aaron; Clough, Rod (June 2020). 109 Beachlands Road, Beachlands, Auckland: Preliminary Archaeological Assessment (PDF) (Report). Environmental Protection Authority. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ La Roche, Alan 2011, pp. 143.
- ^ La Roche, Alan 2011, pp. 48.
- ^ La Roche, Alan 2011, pp. 148.
- ^ "August 1865". Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. MJ_0824. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ "28 March 1956". Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. MJ_3437. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ La Roche, Alan 2011, pp. 114, 154.
- ^ McClure, Margaret (6 December 2007). "Auckland places - East Auckland". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "7 March 1964". Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. MJ_4000. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ "17 October 1970". Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. MJ_4451. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Sunnyhills West-Pakuranga North (148100) and Sunnyhills East (149200).
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Sunnyhills West-Pakuranga North
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Sunnyhills East
- ^ a b "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
- ^ Education Counts: Sunnyhills School
- ^ Education Counts: St Mark's School
Bibliography Edit
- La Roche, Alan (2011). Grey's Folly: A History of Howick, Pakuranga, Bucklands-Eastern Beaches, East Tamaki, Whitford, Beachlands and Maraetai. Auckland: Tui Vale Productions. ISBN 978-0-473-18547-3. OCLC 1135039710. Wikidata Q118286377.