Several countries subsidize sugar.[1] Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand.[2] There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.
Sugar subsidies have driven market costs for sugar well below the cost of production. As of 2019, 3/4 of world sugar production is never traded on the open market. Brazil controls half the global market, paying the most ($2.5 billion per year) in subsidies to its sugar industry.[3]
The US sugar system is complex, using price supports, domestic marketing allotments, and tariff-rate quotas.[4] It directly supports sugar processors rather than farmers growing sugar crops.[4][3] The US government also uses tariffs to keep the US domestic price of sugar 64% to 92% higher than the world market price, costing American consumers $3.7 billion per year.[4] A 2018 policy proposal to eliminate sugar tariffs, called "Zero-for-Zero", is currently (March 2018) before the US Congress.[3][5] Previous reform attempts have failed.[6]
The European Union (EU) is a leading sugar exporter. The Common Agricultural Policy of the EU used to set maximum quotas for production and exports, and a subsidized sugar sales with an EU-guaranteed minimum price.[7][8] Large import tariffs were also used to protect the market.[7] In 2004, the EU was spending €3.30 in subsidies to export €1 worth of sugar, and some sugar processors, like British Sugar, had a 25% profit margin.[9]
A 2004 Oxfam report called EU sugar subsidies "dumping" and said they harm the world's poor.[9] A WTO ruling against the EU quota and subsidy system in 2005-2006[10] forced the EU to cut its minimum price and quotas, and stop doing intervention buying.[7] The EU abolished some quotas in 2015,[11][12] but minimum prices remain.[11][13][14] Tariffs also persist for most countries.[14] In 2009, the EU granted Least Developed Countries (LDCs) zero-tariff access to the EU market[7] as part of the Everything but Arms initiative.[8]
As of 2018, India, Thailand, and Mexico also subsidize sugar.[3]
Global playersedit
The top 10 sugar-producing companies based on production in 2010:[15]
^Viljoen, Willemien (8 May 2014). "The end of the EU sugar quota and the implication for African producers". tralac.org. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
^ abRoberts, Dan (27 March 2017). "Sweet Brexit: what sugar tells us about Britain's future outside the EU". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
^Chanjaroen, Chanyaporn (November 4, 2011). "Suedzucker Leads the Top 10 Sugar-Producing Companies". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
^"Global Sugar Manufacturing: Market Research Report". IBISWorld. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
^Sifferlin, Alexandra (10 October 2016). "Soda Companies Fund 96 Health Groups In the U.S." Time. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^Mozaffarian, Dariush (2 May 2017). "Conflict of Interest and the Role of the Food Industry in Nutrition Research". JAMA. 317 (17): 1755–1756. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.3456. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 28464165.
^Schillinger, Dean; Tran, Jessica; Mangurian, Christina; Kearns, Cristin (20 December 2016). "Do Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Cause Obesity and Diabetes? Industry and the Manufacture of Scientific Controversy" (PDF). Annals of Internal Medicine. 165 (12): 895–897. doi:10.7326/L16-0534. ISSN 0003-4819. PMC7883900. PMID 27802504. Retrieved 2018-03-21.(original url, paywalled: Author's conflict of interest disclosure forms)
^O’Connor, Anahad (31 October 2016). "Studies Linked to Soda Industry Mask Health Risks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
Further readingedit
Matthew Parker (2012). The sugar barons. Windmill Books. ISBN978-0099558453.
Mosen Asadi (2006). Beet-Sugar Handbook. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0471763475.
sugar, industry, sugar, redirects, here, canadian, rock, band, sugar, band, other, uses, sugar, disambiguation, sugar, industry, subsumes, production, processing, marketing, sugars, mostly, sucrose, fructose, globally, most, sugar, extracted, from, sugar, cane. Big Sugar redirects here For the Canadian rock band see Big Sugar band For other uses see Big Sugar disambiguation The sugar industry subsumes the production processing and marketing of sugars mostly sucrose and fructose Globally most sugar is extracted from sugar cane 80 predominantly in the tropics and sugar beet 20 mostly in temperate climate like in the U S or Europe Sugar Prices 1962 2022 USD per pound Sugar beets awaiting processing at the Holly Sugar Corporation plant near Brawley California in 1970Sugar is used for soft drinks sweetened beverages convenience foods fast food candy confectionery baked products and other sweetened foods Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum Several countries subsidize sugar 1 Globally in 2018 around 185 million tons of sugar was produced led by India with 35 9 million tons followed by Brazil and Thailand 2 There are more than 123 sugar producing countries but only 30 of the produce is traded on the international market Contents 1 Market 2 Global players 3 Products 4 Lobbying and marketing 4 1 Organizations 5 History of the sugar industry 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingMarket editSugar subsidies have driven market costs for sugar well below the cost of production As of 2019 3 4 of world sugar production is never traded on the open market Brazil controls half the global market paying the most 2 5 billion per year in subsidies to its sugar industry 3 The US sugar system is complex using price supports domestic marketing allotments and tariff rate quotas 4 It directly supports sugar processors rather than farmers growing sugar crops 4 3 The US government also uses tariffs to keep the US domestic price of sugar 64 to 92 higher than the world market price costing American consumers 3 7 billion per year 4 A 2018 policy proposal to eliminate sugar tariffs called Zero for Zero is currently March 2018 before the US Congress 3 5 Previous reform attempts have failed 6 The European Union EU is a leading sugar exporter The Common Agricultural Policy of the EU used to set maximum quotas for production and exports and a subsidized sugar sales with an EU guaranteed minimum price 7 8 Large import tariffs were also used to protect the market 7 In 2004 the EU was spending 3 30 in subsidies to export 1 worth of sugar and some sugar processors like British Sugar had a 25 profit margin 9 A 2004 Oxfam report called EU sugar subsidies dumping and said they harm the world s poor 9 A WTO ruling against the EU quota and subsidy system in 2005 2006 10 forced the EU to cut its minimum price and quotas and stop doing intervention buying 7 The EU abolished some quotas in 2015 11 12 but minimum prices remain 11 13 14 Tariffs also persist for most countries 14 In 2009 the EU granted Least Developed Countries LDCs zero tariff access to the EU market 7 as part of the Everything but Arms initiative 8 As of 2018 India Thailand and Mexico also subsidize sugar 3 Global players editThe top 10 sugar producing companies based on production in 2010 15 Rank Company 2010 11 Output Mt Country1 Sudzucker AG 4 2 Germany2 Cosan SA Industria amp Comercio 4 1 Brazil3 British Sugar Plc 3 9 UK4 Tereos Internacional SA 3 6 France5 Mitr Phol Sugar Corp 2 7 Thailand6 Nordzucker Gmbh amp Co KG 2 5 Germany7 Louis Dreyfus 1 8 Netherlands8 Wilmar International Ltd 1 5 Singapore9 Thai Roong Ruang Sugar Group 1 5 Thailand10 Turkiye Seker Fabrikalari 1 34 TurkeyThe global sugar industry has a low market share concentration The top four sugar producers account for less than 20 0 of the market 16 See also Category Sugar companiesProducts editRaw sugar Liquid sugar Refined sugar Molasses Sugar alcohol Brown sugar Powdered sugarLobbying and marketing editMain article Sugar marketing The sugar industry engages in sugar marketing and lobbying minimizing the adverse health effects of sugar obesity and tooth decay and influencing medical research and public health recommendations 17 18 19 20 Organizations edit International Sugar Organization Sugar Association USA European Association of Sugar Manufacturers EU Sugar Nutrition UK Indian Sugar Mills Association Global Energy Balance NetworkHistory of the sugar industry editMain article History of sugarSee also editCriticisms of the sugar industry Food industry All pages with titles containing sugar production Sugar industry of the Philippines Category Sugar industryReferences edit Resolution In US House Against Subsidies On Sugar By Countries Including India NDTV com Retrieved 2023 11 25 Sugar World Markets and Trade PDF Foreign Agricultural Service US Department of Agriculture 20 November 2018 Retrieved 24 March 2019 a b c d Phillips Judson 16 March 2018 Sugar steel subsidies are anything but sweet The Washington Times Retrieved 2021 05 06 a b c Sugar and sweeteners Policy US Department of Agriculture 20 August 2019 Retrieved 22 November 2019 Romano Robert 2017 01 17 Yoho Zero for Zero sugar policy is a trade win win for everyone Congressman Ted Yoho yoho house gov Archived from the original on 2017 01 19 Retrieved 2021 05 06 Edwards Chris 2007 06 20 Why Congress Should Repeal Sugar Subsidy Cato Institute Cato org Retrieved 2021 05 06 a b c d Business Q amp A Sugar subsidies BBC News 2005 09 19 Retrieved 2021 05 06 a b Food Farming Fisheries European Commission PDF ec europa eu October 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 01 25 Retrieved 2021 05 06 a b Dumping on the world How EU sugar policies hurt poor countries PDF oxfam org March 2004 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 05 07 Retrieved 2018 08 19 Brazil Claims Victory After WTO Ruling on EU Sugar Subsidies ictsd org 6 August 2004 Archived from the original on 2018 08 20 Retrieved 2018 08 19 a b Sugar European Commission Ec europa eu Retrieved 2021 05 06 Burrell Alison Himics Mihaly Van Doorslaer Benjamin Ciaian Pavel Shrestha Shailesh 2014 EU sugar policy a sweet transition after 2015 Publications Office of the European Union doi 10 2791 68116 ISBN 978 92 79 35567 7 ISSN 1831 9424 Retrieved 2021 05 06 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a website ignored help Viljoen Willemien 8 May 2014 The end of the EU sugar quota and the implication for African producers tralac org Retrieved 2021 05 06 a b Roberts Dan 27 March 2017 Sweet Brexit what sugar tells us about Britain s future outside the EU The Guardian Retrieved 2021 05 06 Chanjaroen Chanyaporn November 4 2011 Suedzucker Leads the Top 10 Sugar Producing Companies Bloomberg Retrieved 2021 05 06 Global Sugar Manufacturing Market Research Report IBISWorld 31 March 2021 Retrieved 2021 05 06 Sifferlin Alexandra 10 October 2016 Soda Companies Fund 96 Health Groups In the U S Time Retrieved 2018 03 24 Mozaffarian Dariush 2 May 2017 Conflict of Interest and the Role of the Food Industry in Nutrition Research JAMA 317 17 1755 1756 doi 10 1001 jama 2017 3456 ISSN 0098 7484 PMID 28464165 Schillinger Dean Tran Jessica Mangurian Christina Kearns Cristin 20 December 2016 Do Sugar Sweetened Beverages Cause Obesity and Diabetes Industry and the Manufacture of Scientific Controversy PDF Annals of Internal Medicine 165 12 895 897 doi 10 7326 L16 0534 ISSN 0003 4819 PMC 7883900 PMID 27802504 Retrieved 2018 03 21 original url paywalled Author s conflict of interest disclosure forms O Connor Anahad 31 October 2016 Studies Linked to Soda Industry Mask Health Risks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2018 03 23 Further reading editMatthew Parker 2012 The sugar barons Windmill Books ISBN 978 0099558453 Mosen Asadi 2006 Beet Sugar Handbook John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0471763475 Michael Moss 2014 Salt Sugar Fat How the Food Giants Hooked Us WH Allen ISBN 978 0753541470 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sugar industry amp oldid 1187091905, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
