Stourbridge
Stourbridge (/ˈstaʊərbrɪdʒ/) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England, situated on the River Stour. Historically in Worcestershire, it was the centre of British glass making during the Industrial Revolution. The 2011 UK census recorded the town's population as 63,298.[1]
| Stourbridge | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
Foster Street, Stourbridge; leading towards the railway station | |
Stourbridge Location within the West Midlands | |
| Population | 63,298 |
| OS grid reference | SO899844 |
| • London | 125.8 miles/202 km |
| Metropolitan borough | |
| Metropolitan county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | STOURBRIDGE |
| Postcode district | DY7 - 9 (Amblecote is Part DY5) |
| Dialling code | 01384 01562 |
| Police | West Midlands |
| Fire | West Midlands |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
| UK Parliament | |
| |
Geography
Stourbridge is about 12 miles (19 kilometres) west of Birmingham. It is part of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley at the southwestern edge of the Black Country and West Midlands conurbation, Stourbridge includes the villages and suburbs of Amblecote, Lye, Norton, Oldswinford, Pedmore, Stambermill, Stourton, Wollaston, Wollescote and Wordsley.
Much of Stourbridge consists of residential streets interspersed with green spaces. Mary Stevens Park, opened in 1931, has a lake, a bandstand, a cafe, and a mixture of open spaces and woodland.
Bordered by green belt land, Stourbridge is close to countryside with the Clent Hills to the south and southwest Staffordshire and Kinver Edge to the west.
Closest cities, towns and villages
History
Stourbridge was listed in the 1255 Worcestershire assize roll as Sturbrug or Sturesbridge.[2] The medieval township was named for a bridge which crossed the River Stour. It lay within the manor of Swynford or Suineford (now Old Swinford), which appears in William the Conqueror's Domesday Book of 1086.[3]
Pigot and Co.'s National Commercial Directory for 1828-9 describes Stourbridge as a "populous, wealthy, and flourishing market town" and gives its population in 1821 as 5,090.[4]
In 1966, the Stourbridge border between Worcestershire and Staffordshire, which for centuries had been marked by the River Stour, was moved a couple of miles north when Amblecote was incorporated into the Borough of Stourbridge. Following the Local Government Act 1972, Stourbridge was amalgamated into the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley and became part of the wider West Midlands county in 1974.
Glass Making in Stourbridge
The town gives its name to local glass production, which has been manufactured since the early 1600s. The local clay proved particularly suitable for the industry, taken up predominantly after the immigration of French coal miners in the Huguenot diaspora.[5][6] However, most of the glass industry was actually located in surrounding areas including Wordsley, Amblecote and Oldswinford. The rich natural resources of coal and fireclay for lining furnaces made it the perfect location for the industry. Glass making peaked in the 19th century, encouraged by the famous glass-making family, the Jeavons.[7]
The 1861 census identified that 1,032 residents of Stourbridge were involved in the glass trade in some way. Of these, 541 were glass workers - an increase from 409 in 1851, believed to be partly caused by the collapse of the glass industry in nearby Dudley in the 1850s.[8] The vast majority of those involved in the glass trade came from Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Shropshire. 9% came from other parts of England and 0.2% had come from abroad. Of particular note are glass cutters, as 8.1% had come from Ireland, believed to be as a result of the decline of the Irish glasscutting industry in the first half of the 1800s. The houses inhabited by glassworkers were of a much better quality in comparison to the slums in which the nailmakers of Lye and Wollescote lived. However, only a few glassworkers owned their own houses.[7]
The Red House Cone, thought to be the only complete remaining glass cone of its kind, stands on the Stourbridge Canal at Wordsley. It is the site of the Red House Glass Museum and there are regular demonstrations of traditional glass blowing.
Present
The town centre has seen major regeneration in recent years. In 2014, Lion Health medical centre opened in the renovated former foundry of Foster, Rastrick and Company – where the Stourbridge Lion locomotive was manufactured. The next phase of regeneration on the foundry site will create parkland next to Stourbridge Canal with a "heritage and community hub" named Riverside House.
Crown Centre Shopping Mall at the bottom of Stourbridge High Street opened in 2013 at the site of the old Crown Centre and Bell Street multi-storey car park, which were demolished between 2012 and 2013. Costing £50m, the new mall is home to a 60,000 sq ft (5,600 m2) Tesco anchor store, a two-level underground car park, six retail stores and a central food court.[9] The Tesco store occupies much of the footprint of the former Safeway supermarket which had closed in 2004. Stourbridge Bus Station underwent substantial redevelopment and re-opened as Stourbridge Interchange in April 2012.
In 2010, Stourbridge was awarded Fairtrade Town status. Stourbridge Farmers' and Craft Market takes place on the first and third Saturday of every month in the Clock Square. Throughout the summer, Mary Stevens Park hosts outdoor live music.
In the 2011 Census, the average age of people in Stourbridge was 42.[10]
Conservative MP Margot James held the Stourbridge parliamentary constituency 2010–2019.[11] She was succeeded in 2019 by Suzanne Webb of the same party.
Transport
Three main roads meet in Stourbridge, these being the A451, the A458 and the A491, the last forming the one way Stourbridge Ring Road.
Stourbridge has two railway stations, the main one being Stourbridge Junction. From here, it is around 30 minutes to Birmingham, 30 minutes to Worcester and between two and 2.5 hours to London. The other station, Stourbridge Town, is served only by a shuttle to and from Stourbridge Junction. At just over 1⁄2 mi (800 m), the Stourbridge Town Branch Line is believed to be the shortest railway branch line in Europe.[12] The former main line to Wolverhampton via Dudley, and branches to Wombourne and Walsall closed in the 1960s. However the line towards Dudley remains open for freight as far as the Round Oak Steel Terminal north of Brierley Hill. In January 2021, proposals were made to reopen the line to Brierley Hill to passengers using a light rail vehicle similar to that used on the Stourbridge Branch Line.
Stourbridge Interchange is the main bus station, located in the town centre next to Stourbridge Town railway station. The Interchange opened in 2012 at a cost of £7 million.[13] Most services are operated by National Express West Midlands and Diamond Bus.
By bike, National Route 54 of the National Cycle Network links Stourbridge with Dudley via the canal towpaths.
The Stourbridge Canal links the town to the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal and the Dudley No. 1 Canal. This places Stourbridge on the Stourport Ring, navigable by narrowboat and popular with holidaymakers.
| Route | Destination | Operator | Notes | Depot | Former Depot | Former Operator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | Dudley | National Express West Midlands | Pensnett | |||
| 7 | Dudley & Wollaston Junction | National Express West Midlands | ||||
| 8 | Wolverhampton & Wollaston Farm | National Express West Midlands | Wolverhampton | |||
| 9 | Birmingham | National Express West Midlands | Pensnett | |||
| 10A/10C | Oldswinford, Pedmore & Norton | National Express West Midlands | Services replaced by service 88 from 3rd January 2023 which will be operated by Kevs Car and Coaches. | |||
| 16 | Wolverhampton | National Express West Midlands | Wolverhampton & Pensnett | |||
| 17/17A | Dudley | National Express West Midlands | Operated by Diamond Bus from 3rd January 2023. | |||
| 28 | Halesowen | National Express West Midlands | Partly replaced by service 142/142A from 3rd January 2023. | |||
| 57 | Wall Heath | National Express West Midlands | Operated by Diamond Bus from 3rd January 2023. | |||
| 125 | Bridgnorth | Diamond Bus | Kidderminster | |||
| 142 | Halesowen | Diamond Bus | ||||
| 250/251 | Merry Hill Circular | Diamond Bus | Replaced in part by service 25 (Diamond Bus) from 3rd January 2023. | |||
| 298/299 | Pedmore Fields Circular | Diamond Bus | Services expected to be withdrawn in 2023. | |||
| 318 | Bromsgrove | Kevs Cars & Coaches | ||||
| 242 | Kinver | Select Bus Services |
Former routes
| Route | Destination | Operator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 246 | Dudley | National Express West Midlands | Service was renumbered to the 6 in 2018 |
| 276 | Dudley & Wollaston Junction | National Express West Midlands | Service was renumbered to the 7 in 2018 |
| X96 | Wrens Nest & Wollaston Farm | National Express West Midlands | Service was renumbered to the 8 in 2018 |
| 8 | Wrens Nest & Wollaston Farm | National Express West Midlands | Service was rerouted to Wolverhampton in 2020 |
Education
There is one college in Stourbridge. King Edward VI College was founded in 1552, becoming a sixth form college in 1976.[14] Stourbridge College, south of the town centre, was formed in 1958 and specialised in art and design, but was closed in 2019.[15]
There is also a sixth form at Old Swinford Hospital school, which was founded in 1667 by the Stourbridge-born politician Thomas Foley.[16] The boarding school was named the best secondary school in Dudley, closely followed by Redhill School, an academy also in Stourbridge.[17]
Elmfield Rudolf Steiner School is an independent school which follows the international Steiner Waldorf Education curriculum.[18]
Culture
Festival of Glass
The International Festival of Glass is held at Ruskin Mill in Stourbridge every two years. Launched in 2004, it showcases the skill and innovation of glass artists, designers and craftspeople.
The British Glass Biennale is the festival's flagship exhibition, featuring contemporary work by glass makers in the UK. The exhibition attracts collectors, galleries and museums from around the world.[19]
Music
In the late-1980s and early 1990s, three Stourbridge indie bands – The Wonder Stuff, Pop Will Eat Itself and Ned's Atomic Dustbin – all had chart success, selling millions of albums between them and gracing the covers of NME and Melody Maker.[20] Pop Will Eat Itself's former frontman Clint Mansell has since composed musical scores for films including Black Swan and Requiem for a Dream.
The 80s metal bands Diamond Head, Witchfinder General and 80s pop band Kayran Dache also came from Stourbridge and Led Zeppelin's Robert Plant once attended King Edward VI College (then King Edward VI Grammar School for Boys).
Media
Stourbridge is covered by three newspapers: the Express & Star (daily), the Stourbridge News (weekly), and the Stourbridge Chronicle (weekly). Two news websites – BBC Birmingham & Black Country and Black Country Live, launched in 2019[21] – also cover the area.
In addition, Stourbridge is served by commercial radio stations broadcasting from Wolverhampton, Brierley Hill and Birmingham as well as three BBC Local Radio stations: BBC Hereford and Worcester, BBC Radio Shropshire and BBC WM.
From the 1860s until the early 1980s, Stourbridge was covered by the County Express newspaper. The archives are now on microfilm in Stourbridge Library.
Sport
Stourbridge Football Club, founded in 1876 and nicknamed "The Glassboys", shares the War Memorial Athletic Ground in Amblecote with Stourbridge Cricket Club. Stourbridge Rugby Club play at Stourton Park in nearby Stourton. Dudley and Stourbridge Harriers have trained at the Dell Stadium since 1964. Other teams include Redhill Volleyball Club, which plays at Redhill School. Stourbridge Running Club also train at the War Memorial in Amblecote.
Places of Interest
- Black Country Living Museum
- The Bonded Warehouse
- Clent Hills
- Crystal Leisure Centre
- Hagley Hall
- Kinver Edge Rock Houses
- Mary Stevens Park
- Red House Cone
- Ruskin Glass Centre
- Stambermill Viaduct
- Stourbridge Canal
- Stourbridge Town Hall
- Wychbury Hill
The River Stour ( Stambermill Woods )
Places of Worship
According to the 2011 Census, the majority of people living in Stourbridge identify as Christian (65%). Almost a quarter of people said they had no religion. Less than 1% of people identified as Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, or Hindu. 43 people identified as a Jedi Knight.[10]
- Chawn Hill Church, Stourbridge
- Ghausia Jamia Mosque, Lye
- Holy Trinity Church, Amblecote
- Hope Baptist Church, Stourbridge
- Our Lady and All Saints Catholic Church, Stourbridge
- Presbyterian Unitarian Chapel, Stourbridge.
- Quaker Meeting House, Stourbridge
- St James' Church, Wollaston
- St Mary's, Oldswinford
- St Thomas' Church, Stourbridge
- St Peter's, Pedmore
Notable residents
- Business
- James Foster, ironmaster, mine operator and banker. He was instrumental in bringing the first commercial steam locomotive into the Midlands
- Thomas Webb, founder of Thomas Webb & Sons
- Entertainment
- Kenton Allen, television producer and executive (The Royle Family, Six Shooter), attended King Edward VI College
- Performing arts
- Walter Braithwaite, composer, pianist, teacher and co-founder of the Elmfield Rudolf Steiner School, Stourbridge
- Johnny Briggs, actor, Coronation Street
- Dave Cartwright, singer-songwriter, broadcaster and author
- Clint Mansell, English musician, composer, and former lead singer and guitarist of the band Pop Will Eat Itself, attended King Edward VI College
- Jan Pearson, actress, Holby City, Doctors, born in Wollaston
- Jonn Penney, musician - Ned's Atomic Dustbin
- Robert Plant, singer with Led Zeppelin, attended King Edward VI College
- Esther Smith, actress known for her work in the television series Uncle and Cuckoo
- Science and academia
- Kathleen Booth, inventor of the first computer assembly language
- Kay Davies, geneticist
- David Trotman, pure mathematician, attended King Edward VI College
- Clement Lindley Wragge, meteorologist
- Sports and games
- Don Kenyon, cricketer, captain of Worcestershire
- Matt Neal, motor racing driver
- Dan O'Hagan, BBC Match of the Day football commentator
- Ronnie O'Sullivan, snooker player, born in Wordsley Hospital in 1975
- Jude Bellingham, professional footballer who currently plays for Real Madrid CF, born in Stourbridge
- Alf Bishop, born in Stourbridge, professional footballer Wolverhampton Wanderers
- Matthew Round-Garrido, motor racing driver
- Writers
- Jerome K. Jerome, author Three Men in a Boat, lived at Stourbridge in childhood before his family moved to London
- Samuel Johnson lived and worked in Stourbridge for a time
- David Massey, author of Torn and Taken published worldwide by The Chicken House
- S. J. Watson, author of Before I Go to Sleep
- Brett Westwood, radio presenter and author
- Others
- William Henry Bury, murderer and Jack the Ripper suspect
- Frank Foley, the relatively little-known "British Schindler" retired to Stourbridge. There is a memorial to him in Mary Stevens Park
- Rachel Trevor-Morgan, milliner to the Queen
In popular culture
- The fictional Middle-earth world of Mordor in The Lord of the Rings trilogy is believed to have been inspired by the Black Country of the Victorian era. Author J. R. R. Tolkien grew up in the area.[22]
- Scenes from the TV series Peaky Blinders have been shot at the Black Country Living Museum in nearby Dudley.
- In other literature, Stourbridge appears in Finnegans Wake by James Joyce, published in 1939 (part 1, episode 6, page 184).
Of course our low hero was a self valeter by choice of need so
up he got up whatever is meant by a stourbridge clay kitchenette and lithargogalenu fowlhouse for the sake of akes (the
umpple does not fall very far from the dumpertree)
- The town also gets a mention in The Cantos of Ezra Pound, a long, incomplete poem mostly written between 1915 and 1962 (Canto LXVI, line 30, page 380). Pound's epic poem is inspired by a diary entry from 1786 written by John Adams, the second President of the United States, which mentions Stourbridge.
and I went in a post chaise
Woburn Farm, Stowe, Stratford, Stourbridge, Woodstock, High Wycombe and back to
Grosvenor Sq
"Or take Golf", said Mr Carmody, side-stepping and attacking from another angle. "The only good golf-course in Worcestershire at present is at Stourbridge."
- Stourbridge Golf Course is also mentioned by P. G. Wodehouse in Money for Nothing, published in 1928 (chapter 5).
- Audnam by laws state ‘Should thou drink the rum, thou shall keep thine wench’ by Lord Iron Beard Lord of Audnam and surrounding territory.
References
- ^ "All UK Towns & Cities in Population Order (2011 Census)". LoveMyTown.co.uk. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
- ^ Haden, H. Jack (1980). "Stourbridge in Times Past". Countryside Publications.
- ^ "The Domesday Book Online". Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ Pigot and Co.'s National Commercial Directory for 1828-9. London & Manchester: J. Pigot & Co. 1828. pp. 873, 874.
- ^ Boucher, B. The Huguenot Role in Industrial England 16 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lloyd, David (1993), A History of Worcestershire, Chichester: Phillimore, ISBN 9780850336580, LCCN 94109314, OCLC 30027275, OL 1140253M
- ^ a b Matsumura, Takao (1984). "Flint glass makers in the local community". The Labour Aristocracy Revisited: The Victorian Flint Glass Makers, 1850-80. Manchester University Press. pp. 149–161. ISBN 0-7190-0931-6.
- ^ Philips, David (1977). Crime and Authority in Victorian England: The Black Country 1835-1860. Taylor & Francis. p. 29. ISBN 0-87471-866-X.
- ^ "£50m Stourbridge Tesco opens after year of work". Express & Star. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Wollaston and Stourbridge Town Demographics". localtownstats.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "Margot James MP". GOV.UK. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "Train operators chuffed at Stourbridge Shuttle success at industry 'Oscars'". Stourbridge News. 7 October 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "New £7m Stourbridge Interchange opens to passengers". BBC Birmingham & Black Country. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ . King Edward VI College Stourbridge. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Birmingham Met to demerge Stourbridge College". tes.com. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
- ^ . Old Swinford Hospital School. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "These are the best secondary schools in Dudley". Birmingham Live. 30 June 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "Elmfield Rudolf Steiner School", Ofsted, 4 October 2006
- ^ "About the Biennale". Ruskin Mill Land Trust. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "Wise up suckers! How grebo rivalled Britpop as the sound of 90s indie". The Guardian. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "New team hits the ground running with Reach Black Country launch". Behind Local News. 3 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "Lord of the Rings link to Black Country past". Express & Star. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
External links
- Internet Guide To Stourbridge