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Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory

October 20, 2023

"SUPL" redirects here. For Secure User Plane Location, see Assisted GPS.

The Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (SUPL) is a laboratory 1 km deep in the Stawell Gold Mine, located in Stawell, Shire of Northern Grampians, Victoria, Australia. Together with the planned Agua Negra Deep Experiment Site (ANDES) at the Agua Negra Pass, it is one of just two underground particle physics laboratories in the Southern Hemisphere and shall conduct research into dark matter.[1]

Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory
Established2022
Research typeResearch laboratory
Field of research
Physics, dark matter
LocationStawell, Victoria, Australia
37°04′S 142°49′E / 37.07°S 142.81°E / -37.07; 142.81 (Stawell Gold Mine)
AffiliationsUniversity of Melbourne
the Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics
the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
University of Adelaide
Italian National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics.
Websitehttps://www.supl.org.au/

The project is a collaboration between six international partners. It will be led by the University of Melbourne with the Swinburne University of Technology, the University of Adelaide, the Australian National University, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) and the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics.[2]

It is expected that the project will collaborate closely with the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy.[3]

Construction commenced in 2019,[4] and though it was expected to be complete by the end of 2021[5] due to delays from corporate mergers it opened in August 2022.[6]

General information Edit

The project's Southern Hemisphere location has bearing on the possible differential detection of the putative WIMP-wind. Northern Hemisphere instruments are showing hints of a June "bump" of possible dark matter hits,[7] which is expected given the galaxy's rotation, but it is hard to be sure that it is not a false signal due to some subtle seasonal environmental effect. A Southern Hemisphere location, on the opposite side of the Earth with its converse seasons, could help to provide valuable confirmation one way or another.

Secondly, the sundry particles (apparently from the constellation Cygnus)[8][9] would have travelled through the Earth itself before reaching SUPL's instruments.[10]

Finally, its Southern Hemisphere location also makes it potentially very sensitive to daily variation effects which would be a smoking-gun for self-interacting dark matter or dark matter with a significant stopping rate.[11][12][13]

Inasmuch as neutrino experiments do not benefit in the same way from a Southern Hemisphere location, and IceCube is already extant, it is unlikely that any neutrino detectors will be housed at SUPL.

Funding Edit

The first phase of the project received $1.75 million funding in the 2015 Australian federal budget. With matching funding from Victoria,[14] construction started 2016[15] and was expected to be complete in 2017.[16] However, a series of corporate mergers in 2015 and 2016 disrupted plans.[17] The project was stalled when the new owners dismissed most of the labour force[18] and shut down the Stawell gold mine to a "care and maintenance" state in December 2016. In December 2017, yet another new owner announced their intention to reopen the mine and were supportive of the underground laboratory,[17] allowing hope that construction would restart.[19]

In 2019, the project resumed. The 2019 Australian federal budget included $5 million for SUPL,[20] and in July 2019 a memorandum of understanding between Stawell Gold Mines Pty Ltd, the Northern Grampians Shire Council, and the University of Melbourne was signed[21] to build and operate the laboratory.

Construction Edit

SUPL is planned to be located at a depth of 1,025 metres (3,363 ft), providing approximately 2900 metre water equivalent shielding against background cosmic rays.[22]: 3  As a decline (ramp) mine, cars and trucks can be driven to the laboratory site.[16] The laboratory will consist of a bespoke cavity of approximately 10 metres high and 10 metres wide (33×33 ft) excavated into the rock from an existing part of the mine.[2]

The laboratory will be divided into 25 metres (80 ft) of clean room space for experiments, and 15 metres (50 ft) of "dirty" loading area.[22]: 4–5  A side tunnel 5 m wide and 20 m long (15×65 ft) will house physical plant and personnel facilities.[16][22]: 4–5 

SABRE Edit

Main article: DAMA/LIBRA § SABRE

The first experiment planned for SUPL is SABRE[22]: 4 [23] (Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection), based on 50 kg of thallium-doped sodium iodide.[24][25] Two detectors will be built:[24] one at LNGS and one at SUPL. Improving on the DAMA/LIBRA experiment, the SUPL detector implements additional features for background rejection: a 12 kL liquid scintillator veto, and a muon veto (experiment member, M. Mews, remains the expert on said muon veto). [26][16] Consistent results between the two would be very strong evidence.

As of August 2022, the SABRE experiment is expected to be constructed underground in SUPL during the last months of 2022, with data collection beginning in 2023.[6]

References Edit

  1. ^ "Government Digs Deep With Plan For Stawell's Future" (Press release). Premier of Victoria. 13 February 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Swinburne goes underground in search for dark matter". Swinburne University of Technology. 29 July 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  3. ^ Coughlan, Matt (24 September 2014). "Stawell particle physics laboratory - scientists to speak on Tuesday". Wimmera Mail-Times.
  4. ^ Staff (24 September 2019). "Progress on dark matter lab". www.ansto.gov.au. ANSTO. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  5. ^ "'Waiting for a ghost': the search for dark matter 1km under an Australian town". the Guardian. 9 October 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Laboratory to study dark matter opens 1km under Australian town – with no bananas allowed". the Guardian. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  7. ^ Jamieson, Valerie (3 May 2011). "Second experiment hints at seasonal dark matter signal". New Scientist.
  8. ^ Monroe, Jocelyn; Battat, James (2009). "Winds of Change in the Hunt for Dark Matter" (PDF). MIT Physics Annual.
  9. ^ Billard, J.; Mayet, F.; Grignon, C.; Santos, D. (January 2011). "Directional detection of Dark Matter with MIMAC: WIMP identification and track reconstruction". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 309 (1): 012015. arXiv:1101.2750. Bibcode:2011JPhCS.309a2015B. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/309/1/012015. S2CID 85554552.
  10. ^ Slezak, Michael (18 July 2014). "Panning for dark matter in an Australian gold mine". New Scientist. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  11. ^ Kouvaris, C.; Shoemaker, I. (2014). "Daily modulation as a smoking gun of dark matter with significant stopping rate". Physical Review D. 90 (9): 095011. arXiv:1405.1729. Bibcode:2014PhRvD..90i5011K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.095011. S2CID 118374091.
  12. ^ Foot, R.; Vagnozzi, S. (2015). "Diurnal modulation signal from dissipative hidden sector dark matter". Physics Letters B. 748: 61–66. arXiv:1412.0762. Bibcode:2015PhLB..748...61F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2015.06.063.
  13. ^ Foot, Robert; Vagnozzi, Sunny (2015). "Dissipative hidden sector dark matter". Physical Review D. 91 (2): 023512. arXiv:1409.7174. Bibcode:2015PhRvD..91b3512F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.023512. S2CID 119288106.
  14. ^ "Funding Go Ahead For Stawell Physics Lab" (Press release). Victoria Minister for Regional Development. 20 November 2015.
  15. ^ "Work begins 1km underground at dark matter physics lab site" (Press release). Northern Grampians Shire Council. 5 May 2016. The drilling which commenced on 28 April will extract a 50 metre long core from the main cavern site.
  16. ^ a b c d Froborg, Francis (20 July 2016). SABRE: WIMP Modulation Detection in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Identification of Dark Matter 2016. Sheffield. p. 11.
  17. ^ a b Mannix, Liam (5 August 2018). "Stock market the biggest obstacle to finding dark matter down a mine". The Age.
  18. ^ Martin, Stephen; Petrucci, Nabila; Judd, Bridget (14 December 2016). "Stawell gold mine in Victoria to close, up to 150 jobs on the line". Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  19. ^ Piovesan, Anthony (7 December 2017). "Future uncertain for Stawell's underground physics lab". Ararat Advertiser. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  20. ^ Williams, Lachlan (5 April 2019). "$5 million federal government funding allocated to Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory". Ararat Advertiser.
  21. ^ "MoU signed for Stawell Underground Physics Lab" (Press release). Northern Grampians Shire Council. 19 July 2016.
  22. ^ a b c d Urquijo, Phillip (15 September 2015). Searching for Dark Matter at the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (PDF). Heavy Ion Acceleration Symposium 2016. EPJ Web of Conferences. Vol. 123, no. 4002. Canberra. pp. 1–7. arXiv:1605.03299. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201612304002. Page 4 gives the latitude of the laboratory as 37°03′S = 37.05°S, but it is not clear if this is accurate for the laboratory proper, or is an approximation based on the latitude of the town of Stawell.
  23. ^ Barberio, Elisabetta (2 November 2015). "Direct Dark Matter Detection in Australia (colloquium abstract)". University of Sydney School of Physics. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  24. ^ a b Froborg, Francis (9 September 2015). SABRE: WIMP Modulation Detection in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere (PDF). Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics.
  25. ^ Barberio, Elisabetta (16 September 2015). "How we plan to bring dark matter to light". The Conversation.
  26. ^ Roberts, Glenn Jr. (12 October 2015). "Australia's first dark matter experiment". Symmetry Magazine.

External links Edit

  • SUPL and SABRE, University of Adelaide
  • The Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory
  • ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics

37°04′S 142°49′E / 37.07°S 142.81°E / -37.07; 142.81 (Stawell Gold Mine)

October 20, 2023
stawell, underground, physics, laboratory, supl, redirects, here, secure, user, plane, location, assisted, supl, laboratory, deep, stawell, gold, mine, located, stawell, shire, northern, grampians, victoria, australia, together, with, planned, agua, negra, dee. SUPL redirects here For Secure User Plane Location see Assisted GPS The Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory SUPL is a laboratory 1 km deep in the Stawell Gold Mine located in Stawell Shire of Northern Grampians Victoria Australia Together with the planned Agua Negra Deep Experiment Site ANDES at the Agua Negra Pass it is one of just two underground particle physics laboratories in the Southern Hemisphere and shall conduct research into dark matter 1 Stawell Underground Physics LaboratoryEstablished2022Research typeResearch laboratoryField of researchPhysics dark matterLocationStawell Victoria Australia37 04 S 142 49 E 37 07 S 142 81 E 37 07 142 81 Stawell Gold Mine AffiliationsUniversity of Melbourne the Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation University of Adelaide Italian National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Websitehttps www supl org au The project is a collaboration between six international partners It will be led by the University of Melbourne with the Swinburne University of Technology the University of Adelaide the Australian National University the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation ANSTO and the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics 2 It is expected that the project will collaborate closely with the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy 3 Construction commenced in 2019 4 and though it was expected to be complete by the end of 2021 5 due to delays from corporate mergers it opened in August 2022 6 Contents 1 General information 2 Funding 3 Construction 4 SABRE 5 References 6 External linksGeneral information EditThe project s Southern Hemisphere location has bearing on the possible differential detection of the putative WIMP wind Northern Hemisphere instruments are showing hints of a June bump of possible dark matter hits 7 which is expected given the galaxy s rotation but it is hard to be sure that it is not a false signal due to some subtle seasonal environmental effect A Southern Hemisphere location on the opposite side of the Earth with its converse seasons could help to provide valuable confirmation one way or another Secondly the sundry particles apparently from the constellation Cygnus 8 9 would have travelled through the Earth itself before reaching SUPL s instruments 10 Finally its Southern Hemisphere location also makes it potentially very sensitive to daily variation effects which would be a smoking gun for self interacting dark matter or dark matter with a significant stopping rate 11 12 13 Inasmuch as neutrino experiments do not benefit in the same way from a Southern Hemisphere location and IceCube is already extant it is unlikely that any neutrino detectors will be housed at SUPL Funding EditThe first phase of the project received 1 75 million funding in the 2015 Australian federal budget With matching funding from Victoria 14 construction started 2016 15 and was expected to be complete in 2017 16 However a series of corporate mergers in 2015 and 2016 disrupted plans 17 The project was stalled when the new owners dismissed most of the labour force 18 and shut down the Stawell gold mine to a care and maintenance state in December 2016 In December 2017 yet another new owner announced their intention to reopen the mine and were supportive of the underground laboratory 17 allowing hope that construction would restart 19 In 2019 the project resumed The 2019 Australian federal budget included 5 million for SUPL 20 and in July 2019 a memorandum of understanding between Stawell Gold Mines Pty Ltd the Northern Grampians Shire Council and the University of Melbourne was signed 21 to build and operate the laboratory Construction EditSUPL is planned to be located at a depth of 1 025 metres 3 363 ft providing approximately 2900 metre water equivalent shielding against background cosmic rays 22 3 As a decline ramp mine cars and trucks can be driven to the laboratory site 16 The laboratory will consist of a bespoke cavity of approximately 10 metres high and 10 metres wide 33 33 ft excavated into the rock from an existing part of the mine 2 The laboratory will be divided into 25 metres 80 ft of clean room space for experiments and 15 metres 50 ft of dirty loading area 22 4 5 A side tunnel 5 m wide and 20 m long 15 65 ft will house physical plant and personnel facilities 16 22 4 5 SABRE EditMain article DAMA LIBRA SABRE The first experiment planned for SUPL is SABRE 22 4 23 Sodium iodide with Active Background REjection based on 50 kg of thallium doped sodium iodide 24 25 Two detectors will be built 24 one at LNGS and one at SUPL Improving on the DAMA LIBRA experiment the SUPL detector implements additional features for background rejection a 12 kL liquid scintillator veto and a muon veto experiment member M Mews remains the expert on said muon veto 26 16 Consistent results between the two would be very strong evidence As of August 2022 the SABRE experiment is expected to be constructed underground in SUPL during the last months of 2022 with data collection beginning in 2023 6 References Edit Government Digs Deep With Plan For Stawell s Future Press release Premier of Victoria 13 February 2015 a b Swinburne goes underground in search for dark matter Swinburne University of Technology 29 July 2019 Retrieved 12 September 2019 Coughlan Matt 24 September 2014 Stawell particle physics laboratory scientists to speak on Tuesday Wimmera Mail Times Staff 24 September 2019 Progress on dark matter lab www ansto gov au ANSTO Retrieved 13 May 2020 Waiting for a ghost the search for dark matter 1km under an Australian town the Guardian 9 October 2021 a b Laboratory to study dark matter opens 1km under Australian town with no bananas allowed the Guardian 18 August 2022 Retrieved 19 August 2022 Jamieson Valerie 3 May 2011 Second experiment hints at seasonal dark matter signal New Scientist Monroe Jocelyn Battat James 2009 Winds of Change in the Hunt for Dark Matter PDF MIT Physics Annual Billard J Mayet F Grignon C Santos D January 2011 Directional detection of Dark Matter with MIMAC WIMP identification and track reconstruction Journal of Physics Conference Series 309 1 012015 arXiv 1101 2750 Bibcode 2011JPhCS 309a2015B doi 10 1088 1742 6596 309 1 012015 S2CID 85554552 Slezak Michael 18 July 2014 Panning for dark matter in an Australian gold mine New Scientist Retrieved 20 May 2015 Kouvaris C Shoemaker I 2014 Daily modulation as a smoking gun of dark matter with significant stopping rate Physical Review D 90 9 095011 arXiv 1405 1729 Bibcode 2014PhRvD 90i5011K doi 10 1103 PhysRevD 90 095011 S2CID 118374091 Foot R Vagnozzi S 2015 Diurnal modulation signal from dissipative hidden sector dark matter Physics Letters B 748 61 66 arXiv 1412 0762 Bibcode 2015PhLB 748 61F doi 10 1016 j physletb 2015 06 063 Foot Robert Vagnozzi Sunny 2015 Dissipative hidden sector dark matter Physical Review D 91 2 023512 arXiv 1409 7174 Bibcode 2015PhRvD 91b3512F doi 10 1103 PhysRevD 91 023512 S2CID 119288106 Funding Go Ahead For Stawell Physics Lab Press release Victoria Minister for Regional Development 20 November 2015 Work begins 1km underground at dark matter physics lab site Press release Northern Grampians Shire Council 5 May 2016 The drilling which commenced on 28 April will extract a 50 metre long core from the main cavern site a b c d Froborg Francis 20 July 2016 SABRE WIMP Modulation Detection in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Identification of Dark Matter 2016 Sheffield p 11 a b Mannix Liam 5 August 2018 Stock market the biggest obstacle to finding dark matter down a mine The Age Martin Stephen Petrucci Nabila Judd Bridget 14 December 2016 Stawell gold mine in Victoria to close up to 150 jobs on the line Australian Broadcasting Corporation Piovesan Anthony 7 December 2017 Future uncertain for Stawell s underground physics lab Ararat Advertiser Retrieved 7 March 2018 Williams Lachlan 5 April 2019 5 million federal government funding allocated to Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory Ararat Advertiser MoU signed for Stawell Underground Physics Lab Press release Northern Grampians Shire Council 19 July 2016 a b c d Urquijo Phillip 15 September 2015 Searching for Dark Matter at the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory PDF Heavy Ion Acceleration Symposium 2016 EPJ Web of Conferences Vol 123 no 4002 Canberra pp 1 7 arXiv 1605 03299 doi 10 1051 epjconf 201612304002 Page 4 gives the latitude of the laboratory as 37 03 S 37 05 S but it is not clear if this is accurate for the laboratory proper or is an approximation based on the latitude of the town of Stawell Barberio Elisabetta 2 November 2015 Direct Dark Matter Detection in Australia colloquium abstract University of Sydney School of Physics Retrieved 17 January 2016 a b Froborg Francis 9 September 2015 SABRE WIMP Modulation Detection in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere PDF Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics Barberio Elisabetta 16 September 2015 How we plan to bring dark matter to light The Conversation Roberts Glenn Jr 12 October 2015 Australia s first dark matter experiment Symmetry Magazine External links Edit nbsp Australia portal nbsp Physics portal nbsp Astronomy portalSUPL and SABRE University of Adelaide The Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics 37 04 S 142 49 E 37 07 S 142 81 E 37 07 142 81 Stawell Gold Mine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory amp oldid 1171970815, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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