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SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)

January 01, 1970

This article is about the second-stage of the vehicle also named Starship. For the entire vehicle, see SpaceX Starship.

Starship is a spacecraft and second stage[1] under development by American aerospace company SpaceX. Stacked atop its booster, Super Heavy, it composes the identically named Starship super heavy-lift space vehicle. The spacecraft is designed to transport both crew and cargo to a variety of destinations, including Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars, and potentially beyond. It is intended to enable long duration interplanetary flights for a crew of up to 100 people.[1] It will also be capable of point-to-point transport on Earth, enabling travel to anywhere in the world in less than an hour. Furthermore, the spacecraft will be used to refuel other Starship vehicles to allow them to reach higher orbits and other space destinations. Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, estimated in a tweet that 8 launches would be needed to completely refuel a Starship in low Earth orbit, extrapolating this from Starship's payload to orbit and how much fuel a fully fueled Starship contains.[4] To land on bodies without an atmosphere, such as the Moon, Starship will fire its engines and thrusters to slow down.[5]

Starship
Starship prototype SN20 at the suborbital launch site; the distinctive stainless steel structure is visible as well as the edges of the dark thermal protection tiles that cover the other side of the vehicle.
ManufacturerSpaceX
Country of originUnited States
OperatorSpaceX
Applications
Websitewww.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/
Specifications
Spacecraft typeCrewed, reusable
Launch mass1,300 t (2,866,000 lb)[a]
Dry mass~100 t (220,000 lb)[2]
Crew capacityUp to 100 (planned)
Volume1,000 m3 (35,000 cu ft)
Dimensions
Height50.3 m (165 ft)
Diameter9 m (30 ft)
Wingspan17 m (56 ft)
Capacity
Payload to LEO[1]
MassReusable: 100–150 t
(220,000–331,000 lb)
Expendable: Up to 250 t (551,000 lb)
Production
StatusIn development
Launched3
Retired3
Failed1 (IFT-2)
Lost2 (IFT-1, IFT-3)
Maiden launchApril 20, 2023
Related spacecraft
DerivativesStarship HLS
Flown withSpaceX Super Heavy
Starship
Powered by3 Raptor engines
3 Raptor vacuum engines
Maximum thrust1,500 tf (14,700 kN; 3,310,000 lbf)
Specific impulse327 s (3.21 km/s) (sea-level)
363 s (3.56 km/s) (vacuum)[3]
PropellantLiquid oxygen / Methane

Development began in 2012, when Elon Musk described a plan to build a reusable rocket system with substantially greater capabilities than the Falcon 9 and the planned Falcon Heavy. The rocket evolved through many design and name changes. On July 25, 2019, the Starhopper prototype performed the first successful flight at SpaceX Starbase near Boca Chica, Texas.[6] The SN15 prototype became the first full-size test spacecraft to take off and land successfully in May 2021.[7] On April 20, 2023, Ship 24 and Booster 7 lifted off the pad, the first time the booster and Starship flew together as a fully integrated stack. On November 18, 2023, Ship 25 and Booster 9 launched, successfully completing hot-staging, during the launch, Ship 25 passed the Kármán Line, becoming the first Starship to reach space, and also became the heaviest object to ever reach space, before exploding at 148 km.[8][9][10][11][12] On March 14, 2024, Ship 28 and Booster 10 lifted off the launch pad, successfully achieving its second hot-stage separation, as well as a full-duration ascent burn of the second stage. S28 then proceeded to reenter Earth's atmosphere at orbital velocity, disintegrating during reentry 49 minutes after launch.[13][14] In April 2024, Elon Musk announced two new versions of Starship, Starship V2 and Starship V3. Both versions will be taller and will have increased thrust.[15]

History edit

Further information: SpaceX Starship § History

In November 2005, before SpaceX had launched its first rocket the Falcon 1, CEO Elon Musk first mentioned a long-term and high-capacity rocket concept able to launch 100 tons to low Earth orbit, dubbed the Big Falcon Rocket (BFR). Later in 2012, Elon Musk first publicly announced plans to develop a rocket surpassing the capabilities of their existing Falcon 9. SpaceX called it the Mars Colonial Transporter, as the rocket was to transport humans to Mars and back.

In 2016, Musk changed the name to Interplanetary Transport System, as he planned for the rocket to travel beyond Mars. Made of carbon fiber, this design was to mass over 10,000 tons when fueled and carry 300 tonnes to low Earth orbit, while intending to be fully reusable. By 2017, the rocket was temporarily re-dubbed the BFR and had multiple versions announced, such as cargo, tanker and crew. In 2019, the current stainless-steel design was adopted.

Design edit

The current version 1 (V1) of the Starship spacecraft is 50.3 m (165 ft) tall, 9 m (30 ft) in diameter, and has 6 Raptor engines, 3 of which are optimized for use in outer space.[16][17] The future version 3 (V3) of the Starship spacecraft is planned to have an additional 3 Raptor Vacuum engines for increased payload capacity. Starship V1's payload bay, measuring 17 m (56 ft) tall by 8 m (26 ft) in diameter, is the largest of any active or planned launch vehicle; its internal volume of 1,000 m3 (35,000 cu ft) is slightly larger than the International Space Station's pressurized volume.[18] SpaceX will also provide a 22 m (72 ft) tall payload bay configuration for even larger payloads.[19]

Starship has a total propellant capacity of 1,200 t (2,600,000 lb)[20] across its main tanks and header tanks.[21] The header tanks are better insulated due to their position and are reserved for use to flip and land the spacecraft following reentry.[22] A set of reaction control thrusters, which use the pressure in the fuel tank, control attitude while in space.[23]

The spacecraft has four body flaps to control the spacecraft's orientation and help dissipate energy during atmospheric entry,[24] composed of two forward flaps and two aft flaps. According to SpaceX, the flaps replace the need for wings or tailplane, reduce the fuel needed for landing, and allow landing at destinations in the Solar System where runways do not exist (for example, Mars).[25]: 1  Under the forward flaps, hardpoints are used for lifting and catching the spacecraft via mechanical arms.[26] The flap's hinges are sealed in aero-covers because they would otherwise be easily damaged during reentry.[2]

 
Diagram of a V1 Starship's internal structure. Not shown in this diagram are the flaps: the aft flaps are placed at the bottom (or left in this orientation), and the forward flaps are placed at the top (here, right) portion of the spaceship. From the FAA environmental reassessment.

Starship's heat shield, composed of thousands[27] of hexagonal black tiles that can withstand temperatures of 1,400 °C (2,600 °F),[28][29] is designed to be used many times without maintenance between flights.[30] The tiles are made of silica[31] and are attached with pins rather than glued,[29] with small gaps in between allowing for heat expansion.[2] Their hexagonal shape facilitates mass production[2] and prevents hot plasma from causing severe damage to the vehicle.

Variants edit

 
Starship's critically important heat shield under inspection

For satellite launch, Starship will have a large cargo door that opens to release payloads and close upon reentry instead of a more conventional jettisonable nosecone fairing. Instead of a cleanroom, payloads are integrated directly into Starship's payload bay, which requires purging the payload bay with temperature-controlled ISO class 8 clean air.[19] To deploy Starlink satellites, the cargo door will be replaced with a slot and dispenser rack, whose mechanism has been compared to a Pez candy dispenser.[32]

Crewed Starship vehicles would replace the cargo bay with a pressurized crew section and have a life-support system. For long-duration missions, such as crewed flights to Mars, SpaceX describes the interior as potentially including "private cabins, large communal areas, centralized storage, solar storm shelters, and a viewing gallery".[19] Starship's life support system is expected to recycle resources such as air and water from waste.[33]

Starship Human Landing System (HLS) is a crewed lunar lander variant of the Starship vehicle that is extensively modified for landing, operation, and takeoff from the lunar surface. It features modified landing legs, a body-mounted solar array, a set of thrusters mounted mid-body to assist with final landing and takeoff, two airlocks, and an elevator to lower crew and cargo onto the lunar surface. Starship HLS is expected to be able to land more than 100 t (220,000 lb) of payload on the Moon per flight.[34]

Starship will be able to be refueled by docking with separately launched Starship propellant tanker spacecraft in orbit. Doing so would increase the spacecraft's mass capacity and allow it to reach higher-energy targets,[b] such as geosynchronous orbit, the Moon, and Mars.[35] A Starship propellant depot could cache methane and oxygen on-orbit and be used by Starship HLS to replenish its fuel tanks.[36]

Development edit

For a list of test flights of the vehicle, see SpaceX Starship flight tests
Videos of Starship flight tests
From NASASpaceFlight.com and SpaceX
  Starhopper 150m hop
  Starship SN5 150m hop
  Starship SN6 150m hop
  Starship SN8 12.5km test flight
  Starship SN9 10km test flight
  Starship SN10 10km test flight
  Starship SN11 10km test flight
  Starship SN15 10km test flight
  Starship S24/B7 integrated test flight
  Starship S25/B9 integrated test flight
  Starship S28/B10 integrated test flight

Starship's development is iterative and incremental, using frequent—and often destructive—tests on a series of rocket prototypes.[37][29][38]

SpaceX prototypes are subjected to several tests before they can be launched. Pressure tests come first, during which the tanks are filled with a liquid or gas to test their strength and safety factor. SpaceX tests some tanks beyond the specified limit, to find the point at which they burst. After engine installation, vehicles undergo static fire testing, during which the engines fire while the vehicle is prevented from lifting off. After passing these tests, a prototype vehicle will launch, either flying within the atmosphere, or attempting to reach orbit.[39]: 15–19 

List of Starship prototypes
Name First spotted[c] First static fire Maiden flight Decommissioned Construction site Status Flights
Starhopper December 2018[40] April 3, 2019[41] July 25, 2019[42] August 2019[43] Boca Chica, Texas Repurposed[44][45] 2
Mk1 December 2018[46] — — November 20, 2019[47] Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed 0
Mk2 May 2019[48] — — November 2019[49][50] Cocoa, Florida Scrapped 0
Mk3/SN1 c. October 2019[51] — — February 28, 2020[52] Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed 0
Mk4 c. September 2019[51] — — November 2019[49][53] Cocoa, Florida Scrapped 0
SN3 March 2020[54] — — April 3, 2020[55] Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed 0
SN4 April 2020[56][57] May 5, 2020[58] — May 29, 2020[59] Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed 0
SN5 April 2020[57] July 27, 2020[60] August 4, 2020[61] February 2021[62] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped after Successful Flight 1
SN6 May 2020[63][64] August 23, 2020[65] September 3, 2020[66] January 2021[67][62] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped after Successful Flight 1
SN8 July 2020[68] October 20, 2020 December 9, 2020[69] December 9, 2020[69] Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed on Impact 1
SN9 August 2020[70] January 6, 2021[71] February 2, 2021[71] February 2, 2021[71] Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed on Impact 1
SN10 September 2020[72] February 23, 2021[73] March 3, 2021[74] March 3, 2021[74] Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed after Landing[d] 1
SN11 September 2020[75] March 22, 2021[76] March 30, 2021[77] March 30, 2021 Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed in Flight 1
SN12 September 2020[78] — — February 2021[79] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped[e][79] 0
SN13 October 2020[82] — — February 2021[79] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped[79] 0
SN14 October 2020[83] — — February 2021[79] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped[79] 0
SN15 November 2020[84] April 26, 2021[85][86] May 5, 2021[87] May 31, 2021 Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped after Successful Flight 1
SN16/Ship 16 December 2020[88] — — May 10, 2022 Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped[89] 0
SN17 December 2020[90] — — May 2021 Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped[91] 0
SN18 January 2021[92] — — June 2021 Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped 0
SN19 February 2021[93] — — June 2021 Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped 0
SN20/Ship 20 March 7, 2021[94] October 21, 2021 — — Boca Chica, Texas Retired at the Rocket Garden[95] 0
Ship 21 May/June 2021[96] — — — Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped 0
Ship 22 September 2021 — — — Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped[97] 0
Ship 23 October 2021 — — — Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped 0
Ship 24 November 24, 2021 August 9, 2022[98] April 20, 2023 April 20, 2023 Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed in flight 1
Ship 25 March 2022 June 26, 2023[99] November 18, 2023 November 18, 2023 Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed in flight 1
Ship 26 May 2022 October 20, 2023[100] Not yet Not yet Boca Chica, Texas Retired, at Massey's to test static fire stand 0
Ship 27 June 2022 — — July 20, 2023[101] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped, converted into a test article 0
Ship 28 July 2022 December 20, 2023[102] March 14, 2024 March 14, 2024 Boca Chica, Texas Destroyed during Reentry 1
Ship 29 July 2022[103] March 25, 2024 Not yet Not yet Boca Chica, Texas On B11, awaiting destack for IFT-4 FTS arming 0
Ship 30 September 2022 May 8, 2024[104] Not yet Not yet Boca Chica, Texas In the High Bay for pre-flight modifications 0
Ship 31 August 2022 Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica, Texas At Production Site for repairs 0
Ship 32 February 2023 Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica, Texas At the Rocket Garden, awaiting aft flap installation 0
Ship 33 October 2023[105] — — November 2023[106] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped[107] 0
Ship 34 Unknown — — November 2023[106] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped 0
Ship 35 Unknown — — November 2023[106] Boca Chica, Texas Scrapped 0
Ship 36 January 6, 2024[108] Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica, Texas Under Construction 0
Ship 37 January 2024[108] Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica, Texas Under Construction 0
  1. ^ Launch mass is the total of the propellant capacity (1,200 tonnes)[1] and approximate dry mass (100 tonnes).
  2. ^ Synonymous with increasing the delta-v budget of the spacecraft.
  3. ^ May just be a part rather than complete vehicle.
  4. ^ Landed successfully after 10 km test flight, but exploded during vehicle safing procedures on landing pad
  5. ^ Never completed as flight vehicle. Repurposed as a structural testing unit in March 2021[80][81]

Starhopper edit

 
Starhopper in March 2019
 
Starhopper configuration as flown in August 2019

Construction on the initial steel test article—Starship Hopper,[109] Hopper, Hoppy, or Starhopper[110]—began at Boca Chica in 2018. Starhopper had a single engine and was test flown to develop landing and low-altitude/low-velocity control algorithms.

Starhopper used liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid methane fuel. Starhopper was repurposed after it completed its testing campaign as a water tank, weather station and equipment mount, it was outfitted with cameras, lights, loudspeakers and a radar system.[111]

Testing edit

It passed tanking tests, wet dress rehearsals, and pre-burner tests.[112] A storm blew over and damaged Starhopper's nose cone. SpaceX continued testing without one.[112]

It then passed a static fire test,[113] and in a tethered test reached 1 meter altitude.[114][115][112] On July 25, 2019 a Starhopper test flight reached about 20 m (66 ft) altitude,[116] followed by an August 27 test that rose to 150 m (490 ft)[117] and landed about 100 m (330 ft) from the launchpad, the Raptor's first use in flight.

Mark series (Mk1–Mk4) edit

 
Starship Mk1 in September 2019

SpaceX began building the high-altitude prototype, Mk1 in Texas and Mk2 in Florida, using competing teams that shared progress, insights, and build techniques.[118][114] The vehicle featured three Raptor methalox engines and were meant to reach an altitude 5 km (3.1 mi).[119][120]

Mk1 was 9 m (30 ft) in diameter and about 50 m (160 ft) tall,[121] with an empty mass of 200 t (440,000 lb). It was intended for testing flight and reentry profiles, in pursuit of a suborbital flight. When announced, it had three sea-level Raptors, two fins each at the front and back, and a nose cone containing cold-gas reaction control thrusters, with all but the aft fins being removed afterwards.[122][123][124]

On November 20, 2019, Mk1 blew apart during a pressure test.[125][126]

SpaceX began Mk2 in Florida, sharing progress, insights, and build techniques with the Mk1 team in Texas.[118][114] It was never completed.[49][50][127]

The Mk3 prototype began construction in late 2019.[121] In December 2019, Musk redesignated Mk3 as Starship SN1, and predicted that minor design improvements would continue through SN20.[128] SpaceX began stacking SN1 in February 2020 after successful pressurization tests on propellant tank prototypes. SN1 was destroyed during a cryogenic pressurization test on February 28, 2020, due to a design flaw in the lower tank thrust structure.[129][130]

Mk4 began construction in Florida in October 2019,[131] but was scrapped after a few weeks.[49]

Hops (SN3–SN6) edit

SN3 and SN4 edit

SN3 was destroyed during testing on April 3, 2020[132][55] due to a failure in the testing configuration.[39]

 
Static fire of SN4

SN4 passed cryogenic pressure testing on April 26[133] and two static fires on May 5 and May 7: one tested the main tanks, while the other tested the fuel header tank.[134] After uninstalling the engine, a new cryogenic pressure test was conducted on May 19. A leak in the methane fuel piping ignited, causing significant damage to the rocket's base, destroying the control wiring.[135] SN4 was destroyed on May 29, due to a failure with the Ground Support Equipment's quick-disconnect function.[136]

SN5 and SN6 edit

After a static fire test on July 30,[137] SN5 completed a 150-meter flight (August 4) with engine SN27.[61][138] SN5 was scrapped in February 2021.[139]

SN6 completed a static fire on August 24, and a 150-meter hop test flight with engine SN29 on September 3. In January 2021, SN6 was scrapped.[140]

High-altitude test flights (SN8–S23) edit

 
SN8 shortly after taking off during its test flight
 
Starship SN8 remains after it crashed to the ground
 
SN9 on Suborbital Pad B, with the production facility in the background

SN8 and SN9 edit

SN8 was planned to be built out of 304L stainless steel,[141] although some parts may have used 301L steel.[142] In late October and November, SN8 underwent four static fires. During the third test, on November 12, 2020, debris from the pad caused the vehicle to lose pneumatics.[143] Launch took place on December 9. Launch, ascent, reorientation, and controlled descent were successful, but low pressure in the methane header tank[144] kept the engines from producing enough thrust for the landing burn, destroying SN8 on impact.[145]

On December 11, the stand beneath SN9 failed, causing the vehicle to tip and contact the walls inside the High Bay.[146] SN9 then required a replacement forward flap.[147] SN9 conducted 6 static fires in January 2021,[71] including three static fires in one day.[148] After these tests, two engines had to be replaced.[149] After struggling to gain FAA permission,[150] SN9 conducted a 10 km (6.2 mi) flight test on February 2. Ascent, engine cutoffs, reorientation and controlled descent were stable, but one engine's oxygen pre-burner failed, sending SN9 crashing into the landing pad.[151] The landing pad was then reinforced with an additional layer of concrete.[152] After the SN9 failure, all three engines were used to perform the belly flop landing sequence. This offered a failsafe should one fail to ignite.[153][79]

SN10–SN14 edit

SN10 underwent a cryogenic proof test on February 8, followed by a static fire on February 23.[73] After an engine swap, another static fire was conducted on February 25.[154]

Two launch attempts were conducted on March 3. The first attempt was automatically aborted after one engine produced too much thrust while throttling up. After a 3-hour delay to increase the tolerance,[155] the second attempt landed without exploding. The test ended with a hard landing-at 10 m/s – most likely due to partial helium ingestion from the fuel header tank. Three landing legs were not locked in place, producing a slight lean after landing. Although the vehicle initially remained intact, the impact crushed the legs and part of the leg skirt. Eight minutes later the prototype exploded.[156][157]

SN11 accomplished a cryogenic proof test on March 12 that included a test of the Reaction control system (RCS),[158][159] followed by a static fire test on March 15, 2021. Immediately after ignition, the test was aborted.[160] Another static fire attempt[161] led to reports that one of the three engines had been removed for repairs.[162] A replacement engine was installed[163] and a third static fire was attempted on March 26.[164] A 10 km flight test was conducted in heavy fog on March 30. The test included engine cutoffs, flip maneuver, flap control and descent, along with a visible fire on engine 2[165] during the ascent. Just after the defective engine was re-ignited for the landing burn, SN11 lost telemetry at T+ 5:49 and disintegrated.[166] SN12 through SN14 never launched.[167]

SN15–SN19 edit

SN15 introduced improved avionics software, an updated aft skirt propellant architecture, and a new Raptor design and configuration.[168][169] A Starlink antenna on the side of the vehicle was another new feature.[170] SN15 underwent an ambient temperature pressure test on April 9, 2021,[171] followed by a cryogenic proof test on April 12, and a header tank cryogenic proof test on April 13.[172][173] A static fire was conducted on April 26,[174][175] and a header tank static fire on April 27 followed.[176] A 10 km (33,000 ft) high-altitude flight test was conducted in overcast weather on May 5, achieving a soft touchdown. A small fire near the base started shortly after landing, though this was extinquished.[177] After its engines were removed, it was moved to the Rocket Garden on May 31.[178] On July 26, 2023, SN15 was scrapped.[179]

SN16 and SN17 were scrapped, and SN18 and SN19 were never completed.

 
SN20 getting its heat shield inspected

SN20/Ship 20–Ship 23 edit

 
Static fire test of SN20 on October 21, 2021

SN20 was the first vehicle with a complete thermal protection system (TPS). SN20 rolled out to the launch mount on August 5, 2021, and was stacked onto Booster 4 for a fit test.[94][180][181] FCC filings in May 2021 by SpaceX stated that the orbital flight would launch from Boca Chica. After separation, Starship would enter orbit and around 90 minutes later attempt a soft ocean landing around 100 km off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii.[182] However, S20 was retired in March 2022. As of April 2024, SN20 (Ship 20) remains in the Rocket Garden.

Ship 21 was scrapped before being completed.[183]

Ship 22 moved to the Rocket Garden in late February 2022. It was later scrapped, in favor of using S24 for IFT-1.[184]

Ship 23 was scrapped and partially recycled in Ship 24.[185]

V1 Orbital Launches (S24–S35) edit

Ship 24 and Ship 25 edit

See also: SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 1

Ship 24 was first spotted in November 2021, and made cryogenic proof tests on June 2, 2022, June 6, 2022, and June 7, 2022.[186][187] On June 9, 2022, Ship 24 was rolled back to the production site for engine installation.[188] On July 5, 2022, Ship 24 was rolled back to the launch site and lifted onto Suborbital Pad B a day later.[189][190] Ship 24 then conducted a successful spin prime test on July 18, 2022.[191] On July 20, 2022, Ship 24 completed two successful spin prime tests.[192] On July 21, 2022, Ship 24 again conducted two spin prime tests, the first test use one engine, while the second test involved two engines.[193] On July 28, 2022, Ship 24 successfully completed a forward flap test.[194] Ship 24 completed two additional successful spin prime tests on August 8, 2022.[195] It was static fired with two engines on August 9, 2022.[196][197][198] On August 24, 2022, Ship 24 successfully completed an ignitor test with all 6 of its engines.[199] On August 25, 2022, Ship 24 went through an additional spin prime test.[200] On September 8, 2022, Ship 24 underwent a six engine static fire test,[201][202] which damaged around 30 of its 18,000 ceramic tiles.[203] The ship was repaired, and was subsequently stacked on top of Booster 7 in mid-October, before being destacked on October 16, 2022,[204] and restacked on October 20, 2022.[205] On November 8, 2022, Ship 24 was destacked again for static fire tests.[206] On December 15, 2022, Ship 24 conducted a single engine static test fire.[207][208] On January 9, 2023, Ship 24 was stacked on Booster 7,[209] and then destacked on January 24, 2023.[210] On January 26, 2023, Ship 24 was rolled back to the production site for final TPS work.[211] On March 31, 2023, Ship 24 was rolled to the launch site for the final time before launch.[212] On April 5, 2023, Ship 24 had two lift attempts, the first attempt was aborted, however the second attempt, less than a few hours after the first, was successful.[213] On April 12, 2023, Ship 24 was destacked for flight termination system (FTS) installation before launch.[214] On April 15, 2023, Ship 24 was stacked onto Booster 7 for the final time before launch.[215] On April 20, 2023, it was destroyed in flight along with Booster 7 after spinning out of control.[216][217]

See also: SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 2

Ship 25 was a Starship prototype similar to the destroyed Ship 24. It flew on the second Integrated Flight Test with Booster 9 and was the first Starship to pass the Kármán Line and reach space.[218] Like Ship 24, Ship 25 featured a heat shield. A payload bay was also built, but was permanently sealed shut.[219] To test its cryogenic testing equipment, it resided for a time at the Massey's site, a nearby former gun range.[220] During the third week of May 2023, Ship 25 was moved to the launch site and lifted onto suborbital pad B in preparation for engine testing.[221] On June 21, 2023, Ship 25 performed a successful spin prime test.[222] On June 24, 2023, it was announced that Ship 25 would be the first vehicle to use hot-staging (when the second stage fires its engines while some of the booster's engines are still firing).[223] On June 26, 2023, Ship 25 underwent its first static fire test, igniting all six engines.[224] On August 5, 2023, it was moved to the Rocket Garden for final TPS work.[225] On September 5, 2023, it was moved back to the Orbital Launch Site, followed by stacking onto B9.[226] On September 14, 2023, it was removed from B9.[227] On September 27, 2023, it was lifted back onto B9, before being destacked on October 5, 2023.[228][229] It was then restacked on October 16, 2023, only to be destacked the next day.[230] This was followed by a restack three days later.[231] On October 24, B9 and S25 completed a WDR.[232][233] On October 26, 2023, S25 was removed from B9.[234] It was restacked on November 1, 2023,[235][236] and then destacked on November 2, 2023,[237][238] followed by FTS installation on November 9, 2023.[239] On November 10, 2023, S25 was stacked onto B9,[240] and then destacked on November 11, 2023.[241] On November 15, 2023, S25 was stacked onto B9 for the Second Integrated Flight Test.[242] Due to a failed grid fin actuator on B9, S25 was destacked on November 16, and restacked on November 17.[243][244]

On November 18, 2023, Ship 25 was launched atop Booster 9 on the second Integrated Flight Test. Ship 25 successfully separated from Booster 9. Near the end of its burn, a LOX dump started a fire in the engine bay, causing an explosion.[245] The autonomous flight termination system activated, destroying the vehicle.[246][247]

Ship 26 and 27 edit

Ship 26 is an expendable Starship prototype, lacking heat shield tiles and flaps. Ship 26 also lacks a payload bay door. After several cryogenic tests, S26 was moved to the engine installation stand. In December 2023, S26 was moved to the Rocket Garden.[248] On September 9, 2023, S26 was moved to Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing.[249] S26 then underwent a cryogenic test on October 9, 2023, followed by a preburner test with a single engine nine days later, a first for vehicles equipped with Raptor 2 engines.[250] This was followed by a single engine static fire test on October 20, 2023, simulating a deorbit burn.[100] It was moved back to the Rocket Garden one week later.[251] On December 7, 2023, S26 was placed on an engine stand, and a crane was attached to S26, potentially indicating an imminent scrapping.[252] However, on December 11, 2023, the crane was detached from S26, and S26 was returned to the Rocket Garden.[253] On December 16, 2023, SpaceX crews began welding large steel pieces onto the stack weld connecting S26's payload bay and forward dome sections, likely an attempt to reinforce the payload bay, although it is unclear what the reason behind this reinforcement is, or if this means SpaceX plans to use S26 as a flight article.[254] Additional supports were added on December 20, 2023.[255] S26 was moved into Mega Bay 2 on May 7, 2024,[256] and rolled to the Masseys site on May 8,[257] in order to test the static fire stand.[258]

Like S26, S27 was an expendable prototype, lacking heat shield tiles. It was the first Ship to have a reinforced payload dispenser. Ship 27 was scrapped on July 20, 2023.[259] S27's aft section was then converted into a test article, presumably to test the engine shielding design present on S25.[260] On September 27, 2023, S27 was rolled to the Massey's test site.[260]

Ships 28–32 edit

See also: SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 3

Ship 28, along with subsequent V1 models, features heat shield tiles as well as reinforced Starlink satellite dispensers.[108][261] In July 2023, S28 underwent cryogenic testing, before being moved onto the engine installation stand. On August 18, 2023, S28 began to have its engines installed.[262] On November 23, 2023, S28 was moved to the High Bay for TPS work.[263] On December 7, 2023, SpaceX confirmed that S28 would be the next vehicle to fly.[264] On December 14, 2023, S28 was moved to the launch site[265] and lifted onto suborbital Pad B for static fire testing.[266] On December 16, 2023, S28 completed a spin prime test,[267] followed by a six engine static fire test on December 20, 2023.[268] This was followed by a deorbit burn test on December 29, 2023.[269] In early January 2024, S28 was moved back to the production site.[270] On January 25, S28 was briefly removed from the High Bay, before returning after realignment of its SPMTs.[271] On January 27, 2024, S28 was moved to the Sanchez site, where it was lifted onto the Engine Installation Stand.[272][273] There, at least one engine was replaced on January 31, 2024.[274]

S28 was moved to the Orbital Launch Site for IFT-3 on February 10, 2024,[275] and was stacked onto the B10 booster.[276] S28 was then destacked on February 12, 2024,[277] potentially due to an issue with the Vented Interstage.[278] On February 13, 2024, S28 was restacked onto B10.[279][280] On February 14, 2024, a Wet Dress Rehearsal (WDR) attempt was aborted.[281] A second WDR was attempted on February 16, 2024, and it was also aborted.[282] On February 18, 2024, S28 was destacked,[283] and on February 19, it was lifted onto Suborbital Stand B.[284] It underwent a spin prime test on February 26, 2024,[285] before being removed from Launch Pad B on February 28, 2024.[286] S28 was stacked on B10 on March 1, 2024.[287] On March 3, 2024, B10 and S28 completed a WDR.[288] On March 5, 2024, S28 was destacked for FTS arming.[289] The FTS was armed on March 8, 2024,[290] followed by S28 being restacked on March 10, 2024.[291] S28 flew with B10 on March 14, 2024, and reached orbit. It conducted tests of the Payload Dispenser and fuel transfer system, before being destroyed during reentry.[292] As of March 17, 2024, it is the largest artificial object to reenter earth's atmosphere.[293]

On September 22, 2023, S29 was moved to Masseys for cryogenic testing, where it was cryogenically tested on September 26, 2023. On October 13, 2023, S29 was temporarily moved to the Rocket Garden. On November 21, 2023, S29 was moved into the High Bay. In late December, 2023, S29 was moved into Mega Bay 2.[294] It was returned to the High Bay in late February 2024.[295] On February 29, S29 was moved to the launch site,[296] and was lifted onto Pad B on March 2, 2024.[297] S29 underwent a cryogenic test on March 7, 2024,[298] followed by a spin prime test on March 11, 2024.[299] On March 12, 2024, S29 was removed from Suborbital Pad B,[300] followed by a rollback to the production site.[301] On March 22, 2024, it was moved back to the launch site, before being lifted onto Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing.[302] On March 25, 2024, Ship 29 conducted a six engine static fire test.[303] A single engine static fire test was conducted on March 27, 2024.[304] On March 28, it was removed from Pad B,[305] before being returned to the High Bay for Pre-flight modifications.[306] S29 was moved into Mega Bay 2 on May 10.[307][308]

On May 11, S29 was moved to the Orbital Launch Site for IFT-4.[309] It was lifted onto B11 on May 15,[310] with the combined vehicle completing a partial Wet Dress Rehearsal on May 16.[311] A full Wet Dress Rehearsal was conducted on May 20.[312]

S30 was removed from the High Bay on November 22, 2023. On November 23, 2023, S30 was moved to the High Bay.[263] S30 was moved to Massey's for cryogenic testing on December 30, 2023.[313] On January 3, 2024, S30 underwent its first cryogenic test.[314] On January 10, S30 was returned to the High Bay.[315] It was moved into Mega Bay 2 on April 4, 2024, before being lifted onto Engine Installation Stand 2.[316] The engines were installed between April 8 and April 9, 2024.[317] On May 1, 2024, it was rolled to the Suborbital Launch Site,[318] where it was lifted onto Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing.[319] It conducted a cryogenic test on May 7,[320] followed by an aborted static fire test.[321] On May 8, it completed a 6 engine static fire test,[322] which was also the last static fire to be conducted at the Suborbital Launch Site.[323] It was removed from Pad B on May 10,[324] before being rolled to the production site.[325] S30 was moved into the High Bay on May 11.[326]

On December 14, 2023, S31 was moved to the Rocket Garden,[327] before being moved back into the High Bay on January 4.[328] It was rolled to Masseys for cryogenic testing on May 11.[329] As of May 11, 2024, S31 is expected to be the first flight vehicle to static fire stand at Masseys.[330] On May 12, S31 conducted a cryogenic test, ending prematurely due to an electrical anomaly.[331] It was rolled back to the production site for repairs on May 15.[332]

On November 24, Elon Musk stated that S32 would be the last V1 starship.[333] On January 10, 2024, S32 was moved to the Rocket Garden.[315]

Ships 33–35 edit

In late November, 2023, S33's components were scrapped,[107] alongside the components of S34 and S35.[334]

V2 Orbital Launches (S36 and subsequent) edit

As of February 2024, parts of S36[335] and S37 have been spotted.[108] The V2 ships will feature a new forward flap design, increased propellant capacity, and an increase in thrust.[336] The vehicle will be a total of 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) meters taller than the previous V1 ships.[336]

Test articles edit

Starship test articles
Name First spotted Decommissioned Construction site Cur. Location Status Tests
TT1 January 2020[337] January 10, 2020[338] Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed 1
LOX HT January 2020[339] January 25, 2020[340] Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed 2
TT2 January 2020[341] January 29, 2020[342] Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed 2
SN2 February 2020[343] March 2020[344] Boca Chica, Texas Production site Retired 1
SN7 May 2020[345] June 23, 2020[346] Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed 2
SN7.1 July 2020[347] September 22, 2020[348] Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed 2
SN7.2 December 2020[349] May 22, 2021 Boca Chica, Texas Production site Retired 2
GSE 4.1 August 2021 January 18, 2022 Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed[350] 2
EDOME 2022 Late October 2022 Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed 2
S26.1 November 2022 September 2023 Boca Chica, Texas — Intentionally destroyed 3
S24.2 June 2023 Not yet Boca Chica, Texas Masseys Scrapped 1
EDOME 2 September 2023 December 2023 Boca Chica, Texas — Scrapped 1

General test articles edit

Test Tank 1 (TT1) was a subscale test tank consisting of two forward bulkheads connected by a small barrel section. TT1 was used to test new materials and construction methods. On January 10, 2020, TT1 was filled with water and tested to failure as part of an ambient temperature test, reaching a pressure of 7.1 bar (103 psi).[338][351]

Test Tank 2 (TT2) was a subscale test tank consisting of two forward bulkheads connected by a small barrel section. On January 27, 2020, TT2 underwent an ambient temperature pressure test where it reached a pressure of 7.5 bar (109 psi) before a leak occurred.[352] Two days later, it underwent a cryogenic proof test to destruction, bursting at 8.5 bar (123 psi).[342][353]

GSE 4.1 was first spotted in August 2021, and was the first ground support equipment (GSE) test tank built, made from parts of GSE 4. It underwent a cryogenic proof test on August 23, before it was rolled to Sanchez site.[354] It was rolled back to the launch site in November 2021 and underwent an apparent cryogenic proof test to failure on January 18, 2022, bursting at an unknown pressure.

EDOME was a test tank created to test flatter domes, possibly used on future Starship prototypes. It was moved to the launch site in July 2022, and then back to the production site the next month, after undergoing no tests.[355] It was later moved from the production site to the Massey's test site in late September 2022, where it was damaged during a cryogenic pressure test to failure.[356] After repairs, it was tested to destruction in late October 2022.[357]

EDOME 2 was a test tank which is likely designed to continue testing a flatter dome design. As of October 4, 2023, its official designation is unknown. It was tested once, before being scrapped for unknown reasons.[358]

Starship-based test articles edit

Liquid Oxygen Header Test Tank (LOX HTT) was based on the LOX Header tank, as well as surrounding parts of the nosecone. On January 24, 2020, the tank underwent a pressurization test which lasted several hours.[359] The following day it was tested to destruction.[340]

SN2 was a test tank used to test welding quality and thrust puck design. The thrust puck is found on the bottom of the vehicle where in later Starship tests up to three sea-level Raptor engines would be mounted. SN2 passed a pressure test on March 8, 2020.[360][129]

SN7 was a pathfinder test article for the switch to type 304L stainless steel.[347] A cryogenic proof test was performed on June 15, 2020, achieving a pressure of 7.6 bar (110 psi) before a leak occurred. During a pressurize to failure test on June 23, 2020, the tank burst at an unknown pressure.[361][346]

SN7.1 was the second 304L test tank, with the goal of reaching a higher failure pressure.[347] The tank was repeatedly tested in September, and tested to destruction on September 23.[362] The bulkhead came apart at a pressure of 8 bar (115 psi) in ullage and 9 bar (130 psi) at base.[363][348]

SN7.2 was created to test thinner walls, and therefore, lower mass. It is believed to be constructed from 3 mm steel sheets rather than the 4 mm thickness of its predecessors.[364] On January 26, 2021, SN7.2 passed a cryogenic proof test. On February 4, during a pressurize to failure test, the tank developed a leak.[365][366] On March 15, SN7.2 was retired.[367][368]

S26.1 was a test tank designed to test the aft section of ships after S24. It conducted two tests on the can-crusher, before being moved off in July 2023.[369] On September 21, 2023, it was tested to destruction.[370]

S24.2 was a test article designed to test the payload bay of Starlink dispenser vehicles.[371] On September 28, 2023, it was moved to the Masseys test site. It preformed two tests before subsequently being scrapped.

See also edit


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January 01, 1970
spacex, starship, spacecraft, this, article, about, second, stage, vehicle, also, named, starship, entire, vehicle, spacex, starship, starship, spacecraft, second, stage, under, development, american, aerospace, company, spacex, stacked, atop, booster, super, . This article is about the second stage of the vehicle also named Starship For the entire vehicle see SpaceX Starship Starship is a spacecraft and second stage 1 under development by American aerospace company SpaceX Stacked atop its booster Super Heavy it composes the identically named Starship super heavy lift space vehicle The spacecraft is designed to transport both crew and cargo to a variety of destinations including Earth orbit the Moon Mars and potentially beyond It is intended to enable long duration interplanetary flights for a crew of up to 100 people 1 It will also be capable of point to point transport on Earth enabling travel to anywhere in the world in less than an hour Furthermore the spacecraft will be used to refuel other Starship vehicles to allow them to reach higher orbits and other space destinations Elon Musk the CEO of SpaceX estimated in a tweet that 8 launches would be needed to completely refuel a Starship in low Earth orbit extrapolating this from Starship s payload to orbit and how much fuel a fully fueled Starship contains 4 To land on bodies without an atmosphere such as the Moon Starship will fire its engines and thrusters to slow down 5 StarshipStarship prototype SN20 at the suborbital launch site the distinctive stainless steel structure is visible as well as the edges of the dark thermal protection tiles that cover the other side of the vehicle ManufacturerSpaceXCountry of originUnited StatesOperatorSpaceXApplicationsCrew and cargo interplanetary transport Refueling operations Point to point transport on EarthWebsitewww wbr spacex wbr com wbr vehicles wbr starship wbr SpecificationsSpacecraft typeCrewed reusableLaunch mass1 300 t 2 866 000 lb a Dry mass 100 t 220 000 lb 2 Crew capacityUp to 100 planned Volume1 000 m3 35 000 cu ft DimensionsHeight50 3 m 165 ft Diameter9 m 30 ft Wingspan17 m 56 ft CapacityPayload to LEO 1 MassReusable 100 150 t 220 000 331 000 lb Expendable Up to 250 t 551 000 lb ProductionStatusIn developmentLaunched3Retired3Failed1 IFT 2 Lost2 IFT 1 IFT 3 Maiden launchApril 20 2023Related spacecraftDerivativesStarship HLSFlown withSpaceX Super HeavyStarshipPowered by3 Raptor engines3 Raptor vacuum enginesMaximum thrust1 500 tf 14 700 kN 3 310 000 lbf Specific impulse327 s 3 21 km s sea level 363 s 3 56 km s vacuum 3 PropellantLiquid oxygen Methane Development began in 2012 when Elon Musk described a plan to build a reusable rocket system with substantially greater capabilities than the Falcon 9 and the planned Falcon Heavy The rocket evolved through many design and name changes On July 25 2019 the Starhopper prototype performed the first successful flight at SpaceX Starbase near Boca Chica Texas 6 The SN15 prototype became the first full size test spacecraft to take off and land successfully in May 2021 7 On April 20 2023 Ship 24 and Booster 7 lifted off the pad the first time the booster and Starship flew together as a fully integrated stack On November 18 2023 Ship 25 and Booster 9 launched successfully completing hot staging during the launch Ship 25 passed the Karman Line becoming the first Starship to reach space and also became the heaviest object to ever reach space before exploding at 148 km 8 9 10 11 12 On March 14 2024 Ship 28 and Booster 10 lifted off the launch pad successfully achieving its second hot stage separation as well as a full duration ascent burn of the second stage S28 then proceeded to reenter Earth s atmosphere at orbital velocity disintegrating during reentry 49 minutes after launch 13 14 In April 2024 Elon Musk announced two new versions of Starship Starship V2 and Starship V3 Both versions will be taller and will have increased thrust 15 Contents 1 History 2 Design 3 Variants 4 Development 4 1 Starhopper 4 1 1 Testing 4 1 2 Mark series Mk1 Mk4 4 2 Hops SN3 SN6 4 2 1 SN3 and SN4 4 2 2 SN5 and SN6 4 3 High altitude test flights SN8 S23 4 3 1 SN8 and SN9 4 3 2 SN10 SN14 4 3 3 SN15 SN19 4 3 4 SN20 Ship 20 Ship 23 4 4 V1 Orbital Launches S24 S35 4 4 1 Ship 24 and Ship 25 4 4 2 Ship 26 and 27 4 4 3 Ships 28 32 4 4 4 Ships 33 35 4 5 V2 Orbital Launches S36 and subsequent 5 Test articles 5 1 General test articles 5 2 Starship based test articles 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory editFurther information SpaceX Starship History In November 2005 before SpaceX had launched its first rocket the Falcon 1 CEO Elon Musk first mentioned a long term and high capacity rocket concept able to launch 100 tons to low Earth orbit dubbed the Big Falcon Rocket BFR Later in 2012 Elon Musk first publicly announced plans to develop a rocket surpassing the capabilities of their existing Falcon 9 SpaceX called it the Mars Colonial Transporter as the rocket was to transport humans to Mars and back In 2016 Musk changed the name to Interplanetary Transport System as he planned for the rocket to travel beyond Mars Made of carbon fiber this design was to mass over 10 000 tons when fueled and carry 300 tonnes to low Earth orbit while intending to be fully reusable By 2017 the rocket was temporarily re dubbed the BFR and had multiple versions announced such as cargo tanker and crew In 2019 the current stainless steel design was adopted Design editThe current version 1 V1 of the Starship spacecraft is 50 3 m 165 ft tall 9 m 30 ft in diameter and has 6 Raptor engines 3 of which are optimized for use in outer space 16 17 The future version 3 V3 of the Starship spacecraft is planned to have an additional 3 Raptor Vacuum engines for increased payload capacity Starship V1 s payload bay measuring 17 m 56 ft tall by 8 m 26 ft in diameter is the largest of any active or planned launch vehicle its internal volume of 1 000 m3 35 000 cu ft is slightly larger than the International Space Station s pressurized volume 18 SpaceX will also provide a 22 m 72 ft tall payload bay configuration for even larger payloads 19 Starship has a total propellant capacity of 1 200 t 2 600 000 lb 20 across its main tanks and header tanks 21 The header tanks are better insulated due to their position and are reserved for use to flip and land the spacecraft following reentry 22 A set of reaction control thrusters which use the pressure in the fuel tank control attitude while in space 23 The spacecraft has four body flaps to control the spacecraft s orientation and help dissipate energy during atmospheric entry 24 composed of two forward flaps and two aft flaps According to SpaceX the flaps replace the need for wings or tailplane reduce the fuel needed for landing and allow landing at destinations in the Solar System where runways do not exist for example Mars 25 1 Under the forward flaps hardpoints are used for lifting and catching the spacecraft via mechanical arms 26 The flap s hinges are sealed in aero covers because they would otherwise be easily damaged during reentry 2 nbsp Diagram of a V1 Starship s internal structure Not shown in this diagram are the flaps the aft flaps are placed at the bottom or left in this orientation and the forward flaps are placed at the top here right portion of the spaceship From the FAA environmental reassessment Starship s heat shield composed of thousands 27 of hexagonal black tiles that can withstand temperatures of 1 400 C 2 600 F 28 29 is designed to be used many times without maintenance between flights 30 The tiles are made of silica 31 and are attached with pins rather than glued 29 with small gaps in between allowing for heat expansion 2 Their hexagonal shape facilitates mass production 2 and prevents hot plasma from causing severe damage to the vehicle Variants edit nbsp Starship s critically important heat shield under inspection For satellite launch Starship will have a large cargo door that opens to release payloads and close upon reentry instead of a more conventional jettisonable nosecone fairing Instead of a cleanroom payloads are integrated directly into Starship s payload bay which requires purging the payload bay with temperature controlled ISO class 8 clean air 19 To deploy Starlink satellites the cargo door will be replaced with a slot and dispenser rack whose mechanism has been compared to a Pez candy dispenser 32 Crewed Starship vehicles would replace the cargo bay with a pressurized crew section and have a life support system For long duration missions such as crewed flights to Mars SpaceX describes the interior as potentially including private cabins large communal areas centralized storage solar storm shelters and a viewing gallery 19 Starship s life support system is expected to recycle resources such as air and water from waste 33 Starship Human Landing System HLS is a crewed lunar lander variant of the Starship vehicle that is extensively modified for landing operation and takeoff from the lunar surface It features modified landing legs a body mounted solar array a set of thrusters mounted mid body to assist with final landing and takeoff two airlocks and an elevator to lower crew and cargo onto the lunar surface Starship HLS is expected to be able to land more than 100 t 220 000 lb of payload on the Moon per flight 34 Starship will be able to be refueled by docking with separately launched Starship propellant tanker spacecraft in orbit Doing so would increase the spacecraft s mass capacity and allow it to reach higher energy targets b such as geosynchronous orbit the Moon and Mars 35 A Starship propellant depot could cache methane and oxygen on orbit and be used by Starship HLS to replenish its fuel tanks 36 Development editFor a list of test flights of the vehicle see SpaceX Starship flight tests Videos of Starship flight testsFrom NASASpaceFlight com and SpaceX nbsp Starhopper 150m hop nbsp Starship SN5 150m hop nbsp Starship SN6 150m hop nbsp Starship SN8 12 5km test flight nbsp Starship SN9 10km test flight nbsp Starship SN10 10km test flight nbsp Starship SN11 10km test flight nbsp Starship SN15 10km test flight nbsp Starship S24 B7 integrated test flight nbsp Starship S25 B9 integrated test flight nbsp Starship S28 B10 integrated test flight Starship s development is iterative and incremental using frequent and often destructive tests on a series of rocket prototypes 37 29 38 SpaceX prototypes are subjected to several tests before they can be launched Pressure tests come first during which the tanks are filled with a liquid or gas to test their strength and safety factor SpaceX tests some tanks beyond the specified limit to find the point at which they burst After engine installation vehicles undergo static fire testing during which the engines fire while the vehicle is prevented from lifting off After passing these tests a prototype vehicle will launch either flying within the atmosphere or attempting to reach orbit 39 15 19 List of Starship prototypes Name First spotted c First static fire Maiden flight Decommissioned Construction site Status Flights Starhopper December 2018 40 April 3 2019 41 July 25 2019 42 August 2019 43 Boca Chica Texas Repurposed 44 45 2 Mk1 December 2018 46 November 20 2019 47 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed 0 Mk2 May 2019 48 November 2019 49 50 Cocoa Florida Scrapped 0 Mk3 SN1 c October 2019 51 February 28 2020 52 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed 0 Mk4 c September 2019 51 November 2019 49 53 Cocoa Florida Scrapped 0 SN3 March 2020 54 April 3 2020 55 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed 0 SN4 April 2020 56 57 May 5 2020 58 May 29 2020 59 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed 0 SN5 April 2020 57 July 27 2020 60 August 4 2020 61 February 2021 62 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped after Successful Flight 1 SN6 May 2020 63 64 August 23 2020 65 September 3 2020 66 January 2021 67 62 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped after Successful Flight 1 SN8 July 2020 68 October 20 2020 December 9 2020 69 December 9 2020 69 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed on Impact 1 SN9 August 2020 70 January 6 2021 71 February 2 2021 71 February 2 2021 71 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed on Impact 1 SN10 September 2020 72 February 23 2021 73 March 3 2021 74 March 3 2021 74 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed after Landing d 1 SN11 September 2020 75 March 22 2021 76 March 30 2021 77 March 30 2021 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed in Flight 1 SN12 September 2020 78 February 2021 79 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped e 79 0 SN13 October 2020 82 February 2021 79 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 79 0 SN14 October 2020 83 February 2021 79 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 79 0 SN15 November 2020 84 April 26 2021 85 86 May 5 2021 87 May 31 2021 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped after Successful Flight 1 SN16 Ship 16 December 2020 88 May 10 2022 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 89 0 SN17 December 2020 90 May 2021 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 91 0 SN18 January 2021 92 June 2021 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 0 SN19 February 2021 93 June 2021 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 0 SN20 Ship 20 March 7 2021 94 October 21 2021 Boca Chica Texas Retired at the Rocket Garden 95 0 Ship 21 May June 2021 96 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 0 Ship 22 September 2021 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 97 0 Ship 23 October 2021 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 0 Ship 24 November 24 2021 August 9 2022 98 April 20 2023 April 20 2023 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed in flight 1 Ship 25 March 2022 June 26 2023 99 November 18 2023 November 18 2023 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed in flight 1 Ship 26 May 2022 October 20 2023 100 Not yet Not yet Boca Chica Texas Retired at Massey s to test static fire stand 0 Ship 27 June 2022 July 20 2023 101 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped converted into a test article 0 Ship 28 July 2022 December 20 2023 102 March 14 2024 March 14 2024 Boca Chica Texas Destroyed during Reentry 1 Ship 29 July 2022 103 March 25 2024 Not yet Not yet Boca Chica Texas On B11 awaiting destack for IFT 4 FTS arming 0 Ship 30 September 2022 May 8 2024 104 Not yet Not yet Boca Chica Texas In the High Bay for pre flight modifications 0 Ship 31 August 2022 Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica Texas At Production Site for repairs 0 Ship 32 February 2023 Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica Texas At the Rocket Garden awaiting aft flap installation 0 Ship 33 October 2023 105 November 2023 106 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 107 0 Ship 34 Unknown November 2023 106 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 0 Ship 35 Unknown November 2023 106 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 0 Ship 36 January 6 2024 108 Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica Texas Under Construction 0 Ship 37 January 2024 108 Not yet Not yet Not yet Boca Chica Texas Under Construction 0 Launch mass is the total of the propellant capacity 1 200 tonnes 1 and approximate dry mass 100 tonnes Synonymous with increasing the delta v budget of the spacecraft May just be a part rather than complete vehicle Landed successfully after 10 km test flight but exploded during vehicle safing procedures on landing pad Never completed as flight vehicle Repurposed as a structural testing unit in March 2021 80 81 Starhopper edit nbsp Starhopper in March 2019 nbsp Starhopper configuration as flown in August 2019 Construction on the initial steel test article Starship Hopper 109 Hopper Hoppy or Starhopper 110 began at Boca Chica in 2018 Starhopper had a single engine and was test flown to develop landing and low altitude low velocity control algorithms Starhopper used liquid oxygen LOX and liquid methane fuel Starhopper was repurposed after it completed its testing campaign as a water tank weather station and equipment mount it was outfitted with cameras lights loudspeakers and a radar system 111 Testing edit It passed tanking tests wet dress rehearsals and pre burner tests 112 A storm blew over and damaged Starhopper s nose cone SpaceX continued testing without one 112 It then passed a static fire test 113 and in a tethered test reached 1 meter altitude 114 115 112 On July 25 2019 a Starhopper test flight reached about 20 m 66 ft altitude 116 followed by an August 27 test that rose to 150 m 490 ft 117 and landed about 100 m 330 ft from the launchpad the Raptor s first use in flight Mark series Mk1 Mk4 edit nbsp Starship Mk1 in September 2019 SpaceX began building the high altitude prototype Mk1 in Texas and Mk2 in Florida using competing teams that shared progress insights and build techniques 118 114 The vehicle featured three Raptor methalox engines and were meant to reach an altitude 5 km 3 1 mi 119 120 Mk1 was 9 m 30 ft in diameter and about 50 m 160 ft tall 121 with an empty mass of 200 t 440 000 lb It was intended for testing flight and reentry profiles in pursuit of a suborbital flight When announced it had three sea level Raptors two fins each at the front and back and a nose cone containing cold gas reaction control thrusters with all but the aft fins being removed afterwards 122 123 124 On November 20 2019 Mk1 blew apart during a pressure test 125 126 SpaceX began Mk2 in Florida sharing progress insights and build techniques with the Mk1 team in Texas 118 114 It was never completed 49 50 127 The Mk3 prototype began construction in late 2019 121 In December 2019 Musk redesignated Mk3 as Starship SN1 and predicted that minor design improvements would continue through SN20 128 SpaceX began stacking SN1 in February 2020 after successful pressurization tests on propellant tank prototypes SN1 was destroyed during a cryogenic pressurization test on February 28 2020 due to a design flaw in the lower tank thrust structure 129 130 Mk4 began construction in Florida in October 2019 131 but was scrapped after a few weeks 49 Hops SN3 SN6 edit SN3 and SN4 editSN3 was destroyed during testing on April 3 2020 132 55 due to a failure in the testing configuration 39 nbsp Static fire of SN4SN4 passed cryogenic pressure testing on April 26 133 and two static fires on May 5 and May 7 one tested the main tanks while the other tested the fuel header tank 134 After uninstalling the engine a new cryogenic pressure test was conducted on May 19 A leak in the methane fuel piping ignited causing significant damage to the rocket s base destroying the control wiring 135 SN4 was destroyed on May 29 due to a failure with the Ground Support Equipment s quick disconnect function 136 SN5 and SN6 edit After a static fire test on July 30 137 SN5 completed a 150 meter flight August 4 with engine SN27 61 138 SN5 was scrapped in February 2021 139 SN6 completed a static fire on August 24 and a 150 meter hop test flight with engine SN29 on September 3 In January 2021 SN6 was scrapped 140 High altitude test flights SN8 S23 edit nbsp SN8 shortly after taking off during its test flight nbsp Starship SN8 remains after it crashed to the ground nbsp SN9 on Suborbital Pad B with the production facility in the background SN8 and SN9 edit SN8 was planned to be built out of 304L stainless steel 141 although some parts may have used 301L steel 142 In late October and November SN8 underwent four static fires During the third test on November 12 2020 debris from the pad caused the vehicle to lose pneumatics 143 Launch took place on December 9 Launch ascent reorientation and controlled descent were successful but low pressure in the methane header tank 144 kept the engines from producing enough thrust for the landing burn destroying SN8 on impact 145 On December 11 the stand beneath SN9 failed causing the vehicle to tip and contact the walls inside the High Bay 146 SN9 then required a replacement forward flap 147 SN9 conducted 6 static fires in January 2021 71 including three static fires in one day 148 After these tests two engines had to be replaced 149 After struggling to gain FAA permission 150 SN9 conducted a 10 km 6 2 mi flight test on February 2 Ascent engine cutoffs reorientation and controlled descent were stable but one engine s oxygen pre burner failed sending SN9 crashing into the landing pad 151 The landing pad was then reinforced with an additional layer of concrete 152 After the SN9 failure all three engines were used to perform the belly flop landing sequence This offered a failsafe should one fail to ignite 153 79 SN10 SN14 edit SN10 underwent a cryogenic proof test on February 8 followed by a static fire on February 23 73 After an engine swap another static fire was conducted on February 25 154 Two launch attempts were conducted on March 3 The first attempt was automatically aborted after one engine produced too much thrust while throttling up After a 3 hour delay to increase the tolerance 155 the second attempt landed without exploding The test ended with a hard landing at 10 m s most likely due to partial helium ingestion from the fuel header tank Three landing legs were not locked in place producing a slight lean after landing Although the vehicle initially remained intact the impact crushed the legs and part of the leg skirt Eight minutes later the prototype exploded 156 157 SN11 accomplished a cryogenic proof test on March 12 that included a test of the Reaction control system RCS 158 159 followed by a static fire test on March 15 2021 Immediately after ignition the test was aborted 160 Another static fire attempt 161 led to reports that one of the three engines had been removed for repairs 162 A replacement engine was installed 163 and a third static fire was attempted on March 26 164 A 10 km flight test was conducted in heavy fog on March 30 The test included engine cutoffs flip maneuver flap control and descent along with a visible fire on engine 2 165 during the ascent Just after the defective engine was re ignited for the landing burn SN11 lost telemetry at T 5 49 and disintegrated 166 SN12 through SN14 never launched 167 SN15 SN19 edit SN15 introduced improved avionics software an updated aft skirt propellant architecture and a new Raptor design and configuration 168 169 A Starlink antenna on the side of the vehicle was another new feature 170 SN15 underwent an ambient temperature pressure test on April 9 2021 171 followed by a cryogenic proof test on April 12 and a header tank cryogenic proof test on April 13 172 173 A static fire was conducted on April 26 174 175 and a header tank static fire on April 27 followed 176 A 10 km 33 000 ft high altitude flight test was conducted in overcast weather on May 5 achieving a soft touchdown A small fire near the base started shortly after landing though this was extinquished 177 After its engines were removed it was moved to the Rocket Garden on May 31 178 On July 26 2023 SN15 was scrapped 179 SN16 and SN17 were scrapped and SN18 and SN19 were never completed nbsp SN20 getting its heat shield inspected SN20 Ship 20 Ship 23 edit nbsp Static fire test of SN20 on October 21 2021SN20 was the first vehicle with a complete thermal protection system TPS SN20 rolled out to the launch mount on August 5 2021 and was stacked onto Booster 4 for a fit test 94 180 181 FCC filings in May 2021 by SpaceX stated that the orbital flight would launch from Boca Chica After separation Starship would enter orbit and around 90 minutes later attempt a soft ocean landing around 100 km off the coast of Kauai Hawaii 182 However S20 was retired in March 2022 As of April 2024 SN20 Ship 20 remains in the Rocket Garden Ship 21 was scrapped before being completed 183 Ship 22 moved to the Rocket Garden in late February 2022 It was later scrapped in favor of using S24 for IFT 1 184 Ship 23 was scrapped and partially recycled in Ship 24 185 V1 Orbital Launches S24 S35 edit Ship 24 and Ship 25 edit See also SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 1Ship 24 was first spotted in November 2021 and made cryogenic proof tests on June 2 2022 June 6 2022 and June 7 2022 186 187 On June 9 2022 Ship 24 was rolled back to the production site for engine installation 188 On July 5 2022 Ship 24 was rolled back to the launch site and lifted onto Suborbital Pad B a day later 189 190 Ship 24 then conducted a successful spin prime test on July 18 2022 191 On July 20 2022 Ship 24 completed two successful spin prime tests 192 On July 21 2022 Ship 24 again conducted two spin prime tests the first test use one engine while the second test involved two engines 193 On July 28 2022 Ship 24 successfully completed a forward flap test 194 Ship 24 completed two additional successful spin prime tests on August 8 2022 195 It was static fired with two engines on August 9 2022 196 197 198 On August 24 2022 Ship 24 successfully completed an ignitor test with all 6 of its engines 199 On August 25 2022 Ship 24 went through an additional spin prime test 200 On September 8 2022 Ship 24 underwent a six engine static fire test 201 202 which damaged around 30 of its 18 000 ceramic tiles 203 The ship was repaired and was subsequently stacked on top of Booster 7 in mid October before being destacked on October 16 2022 204 and restacked on October 20 2022 205 On November 8 2022 Ship 24 was destacked again for static fire tests 206 On December 15 2022 Ship 24 conducted a single engine static test fire 207 208 On January 9 2023 Ship 24 was stacked on Booster 7 209 and then destacked on January 24 2023 210 On January 26 2023 Ship 24 was rolled back to the production site for final TPS work 211 On March 31 2023 Ship 24 was rolled to the launch site for the final time before launch 212 On April 5 2023 Ship 24 had two lift attempts the first attempt was aborted however the second attempt less than a few hours after the first was successful 213 On April 12 2023 Ship 24 was destacked for flight termination system FTS installation before launch 214 On April 15 2023 Ship 24 was stacked onto Booster 7 for the final time before launch 215 On April 20 2023 it was destroyed in flight along with Booster 7 after spinning out of control 216 217 See also SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 2 Ship 25 was a Starship prototype similar to the destroyed Ship 24 It flew on the second Integrated Flight Test with Booster 9 and was the first Starship to pass the Karman Line and reach space 218 Like Ship 24 Ship 25 featured a heat shield A payload bay was also built but was permanently sealed shut 219 To test its cryogenic testing equipment it resided for a time at the Massey s site a nearby former gun range 220 During the third week of May 2023 Ship 25 was moved to the launch site and lifted onto suborbital pad B in preparation for engine testing 221 On June 21 2023 Ship 25 performed a successful spin prime test 222 On June 24 2023 it was announced that Ship 25 would be the first vehicle to use hot staging when the second stage fires its engines while some of the booster s engines are still firing 223 On June 26 2023 Ship 25 underwent its first static fire test igniting all six engines 224 On August 5 2023 it was moved to the Rocket Garden for final TPS work 225 On September 5 2023 it was moved back to the Orbital Launch Site followed by stacking onto B9 226 On September 14 2023 it was removed from B9 227 On September 27 2023 it was lifted back onto B9 before being destacked on October 5 2023 228 229 It was then restacked on October 16 2023 only to be destacked the next day 230 This was followed by a restack three days later 231 On October 24 B9 and S25 completed a WDR 232 233 On October 26 2023 S25 was removed from B9 234 It was restacked on November 1 2023 235 236 and then destacked on November 2 2023 237 238 followed by FTS installation on November 9 2023 239 On November 10 2023 S25 was stacked onto B9 240 and then destacked on November 11 2023 241 On November 15 2023 S25 was stacked onto B9 for the Second Integrated Flight Test 242 Due to a failed grid fin actuator on B9 S25 was destacked on November 16 and restacked on November 17 243 244 On November 18 2023 Ship 25 was launched atop Booster 9 on the second Integrated Flight Test Ship 25 successfully separated from Booster 9 Near the end of its burn a LOX dump started a fire in the engine bay causing an explosion 245 The autonomous flight termination system activated destroying the vehicle 246 247 Ship 26 and 27 edit Ship 26 is an expendable Starship prototype lacking heat shield tiles and flaps Ship 26 also lacks a payload bay door After several cryogenic tests S26 was moved to the engine installation stand In December 2023 S26 was moved to the Rocket Garden 248 On September 9 2023 S26 was moved to Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing 249 S26 then underwent a cryogenic test on October 9 2023 followed by a preburner test with a single engine nine days later a first for vehicles equipped with Raptor 2 engines 250 This was followed by a single engine static fire test on October 20 2023 simulating a deorbit burn 100 It was moved back to the Rocket Garden one week later 251 On December 7 2023 S26 was placed on an engine stand and a crane was attached to S26 potentially indicating an imminent scrapping 252 However on December 11 2023 the crane was detached from S26 and S26 was returned to the Rocket Garden 253 On December 16 2023 SpaceX crews began welding large steel pieces onto the stack weld connecting S26 s payload bay and forward dome sections likely an attempt to reinforce the payload bay although it is unclear what the reason behind this reinforcement is or if this means SpaceX plans to use S26 as a flight article 254 Additional supports were added on December 20 2023 255 S26 was moved into Mega Bay 2 on May 7 2024 256 and rolled to the Masseys site on May 8 257 in order to test the static fire stand 258 Like S26 S27 was an expendable prototype lacking heat shield tiles It was the first Ship to have a reinforced payload dispenser Ship 27 was scrapped on July 20 2023 259 S27 s aft section was then converted into a test article presumably to test the engine shielding design present on S25 260 On September 27 2023 S27 was rolled to the Massey s test site 260 Ships 28 32 edit See also SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 3 Ship 28 along with subsequent V1 models features heat shield tiles as well as reinforced Starlink satellite dispensers 108 261 In July 2023 S28 underwent cryogenic testing before being moved onto the engine installation stand On August 18 2023 S28 began to have its engines installed 262 On November 23 2023 S28 was moved to the High Bay for TPS work 263 On December 7 2023 SpaceX confirmed that S28 would be the next vehicle to fly 264 On December 14 2023 S28 was moved to the launch site 265 and lifted onto suborbital Pad B for static fire testing 266 On December 16 2023 S28 completed a spin prime test 267 followed by a six engine static fire test on December 20 2023 268 This was followed by a deorbit burn test on December 29 2023 269 In early January 2024 S28 was moved back to the production site 270 On January 25 S28 was briefly removed from the High Bay before returning after realignment of its SPMTs 271 On January 27 2024 S28 was moved to the Sanchez site where it was lifted onto the Engine Installation Stand 272 273 There at least one engine was replaced on January 31 2024 274 S28 was moved to the Orbital Launch Site for IFT 3 on February 10 2024 275 and was stacked onto the B10 booster 276 S28 was then destacked on February 12 2024 277 potentially due to an issue with the Vented Interstage 278 On February 13 2024 S28 was restacked onto B10 279 280 On February 14 2024 a Wet Dress Rehearsal WDR attempt was aborted 281 A second WDR was attempted on February 16 2024 and it was also aborted 282 On February 18 2024 S28 was destacked 283 and on February 19 it was lifted onto Suborbital Stand B 284 It underwent a spin prime test on February 26 2024 285 before being removed from Launch Pad B on February 28 2024 286 S28 was stacked on B10 on March 1 2024 287 On March 3 2024 B10 and S28 completed a WDR 288 On March 5 2024 S28 was destacked for FTS arming 289 The FTS was armed on March 8 2024 290 followed by S28 being restacked on March 10 2024 291 S28 flew with B10 on March 14 2024 and reached orbit It conducted tests of the Payload Dispenser and fuel transfer system before being destroyed during reentry 292 As of March 17 2024 it is the largest artificial object to reenter earth s atmosphere 293 On September 22 2023 S29 was moved to Masseys for cryogenic testing where it was cryogenically tested on September 26 2023 On October 13 2023 S29 was temporarily moved to the Rocket Garden On November 21 2023 S29 was moved into the High Bay In late December 2023 S29 was moved into Mega Bay 2 294 It was returned to the High Bay in late February 2024 295 On February 29 S29 was moved to the launch site 296 and was lifted onto Pad B on March 2 2024 297 S29 underwent a cryogenic test on March 7 2024 298 followed by a spin prime test on March 11 2024 299 On March 12 2024 S29 was removed from Suborbital Pad B 300 followed by a rollback to the production site 301 On March 22 2024 it was moved back to the launch site before being lifted onto Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing 302 On March 25 2024 Ship 29 conducted a six engine static fire test 303 A single engine static fire test was conducted on March 27 2024 304 On March 28 it was removed from Pad B 305 before being returned to the High Bay for Pre flight modifications 306 S29 was moved into Mega Bay 2 on May 10 307 308 On May 11 S29 was moved to the Orbital Launch Site for IFT 4 309 It was lifted onto B11 on May 15 310 with the combined vehicle completing a partial Wet Dress Rehearsal on May 16 311 A full Wet Dress Rehearsal was conducted on May 20 312 S30 was removed from the High Bay on November 22 2023 On November 23 2023 S30 was moved to the High Bay 263 S30 was moved to Massey s for cryogenic testing on December 30 2023 313 On January 3 2024 S30 underwent its first cryogenic test 314 On January 10 S30 was returned to the High Bay 315 It was moved into Mega Bay 2 on April 4 2024 before being lifted onto Engine Installation Stand 2 316 The engines were installed between April 8 and April 9 2024 317 On May 1 2024 it was rolled to the Suborbital Launch Site 318 where it was lifted onto Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing 319 It conducted a cryogenic test on May 7 320 followed by an aborted static fire test 321 On May 8 it completed a 6 engine static fire test 322 which was also the last static fire to be conducted at the Suborbital Launch Site 323 It was removed from Pad B on May 10 324 before being rolled to the production site 325 S30 was moved into the High Bay on May 11 326 On December 14 2023 S31 was moved to the Rocket Garden 327 before being moved back into the High Bay on January 4 328 It was rolled to Masseys for cryogenic testing on May 11 329 As of May 11 2024 S31 is expected to be the first flight vehicle to static fire stand at Masseys 330 On May 12 S31 conducted a cryogenic test ending prematurely due to an electrical anomaly 331 It was rolled back to the production site for repairs on May 15 332 On November 24 Elon Musk stated that S32 would be the last V1 starship 333 On January 10 2024 S32 was moved to the Rocket Garden 315 Ships 33 35 edit In late November 2023 S33 s components were scrapped 107 alongside the components of S34 and S35 334 V2 Orbital Launches S36 and subsequent edit As of February 2024 parts of S36 335 and S37 have been spotted 108 The V2 ships will feature a new forward flap design increased propellant capacity and an increase in thrust 336 The vehicle will be a total of 1 8 m 5 ft 11 in meters taller than the previous V1 ships 336 Test articles editStarship test articles Name First spotted Decommissioned Construction site Cur Location Status Tests TT1 January 2020 337 January 10 2020 338 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 1 LOX HT January 2020 339 January 25 2020 340 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 2 TT2 January 2020 341 January 29 2020 342 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 2 SN2 February 2020 343 March 2020 344 Boca Chica Texas Production site Retired 1 SN7 May 2020 345 June 23 2020 346 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 2 SN7 1 July 2020 347 September 22 2020 348 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 2 SN7 2 December 2020 349 May 22 2021 Boca Chica Texas Production site Retired 2 GSE 4 1 August 2021 January 18 2022 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 350 2 EDOME 2022 Late October 2022 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 2 S26 1 November 2022 September 2023 Boca Chica Texas Intentionally destroyed 3 S24 2 June 2023 Not yet Boca Chica Texas Masseys Scrapped 1 EDOME 2 September 2023 December 2023 Boca Chica Texas Scrapped 1 General test articles edit Test Tank 1 TT1 was a subscale test tank consisting of two forward bulkheads connected by a small barrel section TT1 was used to test new materials and construction methods On January 10 2020 TT1 was filled with water and tested to failure as part of an ambient temperature test reaching a pressure of 7 1 bar 103 psi 338 351 Test Tank 2 TT2 was a subscale test tank consisting of two forward bulkheads connected by a small barrel section On January 27 2020 TT2 underwent an ambient temperature pressure test where it reached a pressure of 7 5 bar 109 psi before a leak occurred 352 Two days later it underwent a cryogenic proof test to destruction bursting at 8 5 bar 123 psi 342 353 GSE 4 1 was first spotted in August 2021 and was the first ground support equipment GSE test tank built made from parts of GSE 4 It underwent a cryogenic proof test on August 23 before it was rolled to Sanchez site 354 It was rolled back to the launch site in November 2021 and underwent an apparent cryogenic proof test to failure on January 18 2022 bursting at an unknown pressure EDOME was a test tank created to test flatter domes possibly used on future Starship prototypes It was moved to the launch site in July 2022 and then back to the production site the next month after undergoing no tests 355 It was later moved from the production site to the Massey s test site in late September 2022 where it was damaged during a cryogenic pressure test to failure 356 After repairs it was tested to destruction in late October 2022 357 EDOME 2 was a test tank which is likely designed to continue testing a flatter dome design As of October 4 2023 its official designation is unknown It was tested once before being scrapped for unknown reasons 358 Starship based test articles edit Liquid Oxygen Header Test Tank LOX HTT was based on the LOX Header tank as well as surrounding parts of the nosecone On January 24 2020 the tank underwent a pressurization test which lasted several hours 359 The following day it was tested to destruction 340 SN2 was a test tank used to test welding quality and thrust puck design The thrust puck is found on the bottom of the vehicle where in later Starship tests up to three sea level Raptor engines would be mounted SN2 passed a pressure test on March 8 2020 360 129 SN7 was a pathfinder test article for the switch to type 304L stainless steel 347 A cryogenic proof test was performed on June 15 2020 achieving a pressure of 7 6 bar 110 psi before a leak occurred During a pressurize to failure test on June 23 2020 the tank burst at an unknown pressure 361 346 SN7 1 was the second 304L test tank with the goal of reaching a higher failure pressure 347 The tank was repeatedly tested in September and tested to destruction on September 23 362 The bulkhead came apart at a pressure of 8 bar 115 psi in ullage and 9 bar 130 psi at base 363 348 SN7 2 was created to test thinner walls and therefore lower mass It is believed to be constructed from 3 mm steel sheets rather than the 4 mm thickness of its predecessors 364 On January 26 2021 SN7 2 passed a cryogenic proof test On February 4 during a pressurize to failure test the tank developed a leak 365 366 On March 15 SN7 2 was retired 367 368 S26 1 was a test tank designed to test the aft section of ships after S24 It conducted two tests on the can crusher before being moved off in July 2023 369 On September 21 2023 it was tested to destruction 370 S24 2 was a test article designed to test the payload bay of Starlink dispenser vehicles 371 On September 28 2023 it was moved to the Masseys test site It preformed two tests before subsequently being scrapped See also editArtemis Program New Glenn Falcon Heavy Private spaceflight SpaceX Super Heavy Space Shuttle orbiter Timeline of space explorationReferences edit a b c d SpaceX Starship SpaceX Archived from the original on July 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t reach operating chamber pressure during landing burn but in theory it wasn t needed Something significant happened shortly after landing burn start Should know what it was once we can examine the bits later today Tweet Archived from the original on May 31 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 via Twitter Chris Bergin NSF NASASpaceflight March 30 2021 Ended in a RUD Remember it s a test program and they ve gained a lot of wins from the four flights Stable controlled descent is one but long duration Raptor performance deserves a shoutout This was the last view from SpaceX and sign off from John Insprucker https t co 4KAnLEWIUG Tweet Archived from the original on April 24 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 via Twitter bocachicagal January 23 2021 Meanwhile at SpaceX Boca Chica Starship SN10 took a peek out of the high bay as Starship SN12 s aft section was being scrapped Tweet via Twitter elonmusk November 25 2020 Major upgrades are slated for SN15 Tweet via Twitter Starship SN15 Flight Test SpaceX 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formerly Twitter Retrieved March 22 2024 SpaceX Static Fires Ship 29 in Preparation for the Fourth Starship Flight retrieved March 25 2024 SpaceX Static Fires Ship 29 for a Second Time Bergin Chris March 28 2024 Ship 29 has been lifted onto the transport stand ahead of its rollback X formerly Twitter Retrieved March 28 2024 Bergin Chris March 29 2024 Ship 29 has returned to the production site for pre flight work X formerly Twitter Retrieved March 29 2024 Ship 29 out of the high bay X formerly Twitter May 10 2024 Retrieved May 10 2024 Ship 29 is entering MB2 X formerly Twitter May 10 2024 Retrieved May 10 2024 SpaceX Rolls Out Ship 29 for Fourth Starship Flight Test Campaign Retrieved May 12 2024 via www youtube com NASASpaceflight May 12 2024 Fullstack SpaceX Stacks Ship 29 on Booster 11 Retrieved May 15 2024 via YouTube NASASpaceflight May 16 2024 SpaceX Tests the Full Stack of the Fourth Starship Flight Test Retrieved May 16 2024 via YouTube NASASpaceflight May 20 2024 SpaceX Performs Wet Dress Rehearsal of Fourth Starship Flight Stack Retrieved May 20 2024 via YouTube Bergin Chris December 30 2023 Overnight Ship 30 rolled to SpaceX s Masseys test site joining Booster 12 for cryoproofing X formerly Twitter Archived from the original on December 30 2023 Retrieved December 30 2023 Bergin Chris January 3 2024 While we wait for Ship 28 to return to the Production Site X formerly Twitter Archived from the original on January 4 2024 Retrieved January 4 2024 a b Bergin Chris January 10 2024 Ship 30 is rolling from Masseys back to the Production Site X formerly Twitter Archived from the original on January 10 2024 Retrieved January 10 2024 Starship 30 has been lifted onto the new engine installation stand in Megabay 2 tonight X formerly Twitter April 4 2024 Retrieved April 5 2024 Rhin0 April 8 2024 Ship Raptor Install S30 Ringwatchers Retrieved April 9 2024 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link SpaceX Rolls Ship 30 for Testing Retrieved May 1 2024 via www youtube com Flight 5 Starship Rolled Out and Ready to Test SpaceX Boca Chica Retrieved May 4 2024 via www youtube com OLM Tested Ahead of Starship Flight 4 SpaceX Boca Chica Retrieved May 10 2024 via www youtube com SpaceX Static Fires Ship 30 in Preparation for the Fifth Starship Flight Retrieved May 7 2024 via www youtube com Starship 30 Static Fire Test SpaceX Boca Chica Retrieved May 8 2024 via www youtube com End of an Era SpaceX s FINAL Starship Static Fire at Historic Pad Retrieved May 11 2024 via www youtube com Starbase Live 24 7 Starship amp Super Heavy Development From SpaceX s Boca Chica Facility Retrieved May 10 2024 via www youtube com Bergin Chris May 10 2024 Ship 30 rollback to the production site following its static fire test X formerly Twitter Retrieved May 10 2024 Starbase Live 24 7 Starship amp Super Heavy Development From SpaceX s Boca Chica Facility Retrieved May 11 2024 via www youtube com Building Starbase MEGA BAY 2 9 months in 10 minutes Retrieved April 11 2024 via www youtube com Bergin Chris January 4 2024 Ship 31 going for a wander X formerly Twitter Archived from the original on January 4 2024 Retrieved January 4 2024 Bergin Chris May 11 2024 With Booster 11 Flight 4 now at the launch site Ship 31 Flight 6 is preparing to roll to Masseys X formerly Twitter Retrieved May 11 2024 Starbase Weekly Ep 115 NEW Static Fire Stand Testing Ship 26 At Massey s Retrieved May 11 2024 via www youtube com Ship 29 Rolled Out for Full Starship Stack Testing SpaceX Boca Chica Retrieved May 14 2024 via www youtube com NASASpaceflight July 12 2021 Starbase Live 24 7 Starship amp Super Heavy Development From SpaceX s Boca Chica Facility Retrieved May 15 2024 via YouTube twitter com elonmusk status 1727967723806761343 X formerly Twitter Archived from the original on November 25 2023 Retrieved November 25 2023 Jax April 14 2024 Something New What s the Hardware Status of Starship Version 2 Ringwatchers Retrieved April 15 2024 Jax April 14 2024 Something New What s the Hardware Status of Starship Version 2 Ringwatchers Retrieved May 19 2024 a b Starbase Weekly Ep 112 Booster 11 Back On The Pad Retrieved April 7, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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