The Standard J is a two-seat basic trainer two-bay biplane produced in the United States from 1916 to 1918, powered by a four-cylinder inline Hall-Scott A-7a engine. It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering. The J-1 was built as a stopgap to supplement the Curtiss JN-4 in production.
Charles Healy Day had designed the preceding Sloan H series of aircraft, and continued the line under the Standard Aero Corporation (later Standard Aircraft Corporation). Four companies, Standard, Dayton-Wright, Fisher Body, and Wright-Martin, delivered 1,601 J-1s between June 1917 and June 1918. The Standard J-1 can be differentiated from the Curtiss JN series by its slightly swept-back wing planform, triangular king posts above the upper wings, and the front legs of the landing gear which were mounted behind the lower wing's leading edge, just about where the forward wing spar of the lower wing panel attaches to the fuselage.
Operational historyedit
Standard J-1 providing joyrides.
Although produced in large numbers, its four-cylinder Hall-Scott A-7a engine was unreliable and vibrated badly. While JN-4 production outnumbered J-1s by about two to one in June 1918, fatalities in JN-4s versus J-1s numbered about seven to one due to the limited use of the J-1s. Few later production J-1s left their delivery crates.
In June 1918, all Standard J-1s were grounded, although training remained intensive. Sufficient JN-4s were available to meet training needs, and at $2,000 per aircraft it was not cost-effective to convert them to use Curtiss OX-5 engines. Contracts for 2,600+ JS-1s were canceled, and those not used for ground instruction by the US Army were sold as surplus or scrapped. Curtiss, which produced its competitor (the Curtiss JN) bought surplus J-1s which they modified with different powerplants, for resale.
Many J-1s were flown by civilian flying schools, and for joy-riding and barnstorming operations, until they were worn out, or were forced into retirement by new air transport legislation in 1927 which banned passenger aircraft with wood structures due to a number of high-profile accidents.
^ abcRadecki, Alan (2012). "The First Airline in America". Vintage Air. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
^"Les Ailes : journal hebdomadaire de la locomotion aérienne / directeur, rédacteur en chef, Georges Houard". Gallica. 1926-02-18. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
"The Standard Aero Corporation Model J Training Tractor". Aviation. Vol. II, no. 5. April 1, 1917. pp. 216–217.
United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Standard J.
The Owl's Head Transportation Museum's Standard J-1 page
May 02, 2024
standard, this, article, unclear, citation, style, references, used, made, clearer, with, different, consistent, style, citation, footnoting, april, 2013, learn, when, remove, this, message, seat, basic, trainer, biplane, produced, united, states, from, 1916, . This article has an unclear citation style The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting April 2013 Learn how and when to remove this message The Standard J is a two seat basic trainer two bay biplane produced in the United States from 1916 to 1918 powered by a four cylinder inline Hall Scott A 7a engine It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering The J 1 was built as a stopgap to supplement the Curtiss JN 4 in production Standard J Role Trainer National origin United States Manufacturer Standard Aircraft Corporation Designer Charles Healy Day First flight 1916 Number built 1 600 Developed from Sloan H series Contents 1 Development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 3 1 War surplus conversions 4 Operators 5 Surviving aircraft 6 Specifications SJ 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksDevelopment editCharles Healy Day had designed the preceding Sloan H series of aircraft and continued the line under the Standard Aero Corporation later Standard Aircraft Corporation Four companies Standard Dayton Wright Fisher Body and Wright Martin delivered 1 601 J 1s between June 1917 and June 1918 The Standard J 1 can be differentiated from the Curtiss JN series by its slightly swept back wing planform triangular king posts above the upper wings and the front legs of the landing gear which were mounted behind the lower wing s leading edge just about where the forward wing spar of the lower wing panel attaches to the fuselage Operational history edit nbsp Standard J 1 providing joyrides Although produced in large numbers its four cylinder Hall Scott A 7a engine was unreliable and vibrated badly While JN 4 production outnumbered J 1s by about two to one in June 1918 fatalities in JN 4s versus J 1s numbered about seven to one due to the limited use of the J 1s Few later production J 1s left their delivery crates In June 1918 all Standard J 1s were grounded although training remained intensive Sufficient JN 4s were available to meet training needs and at 2 000 per aircraft it was not cost effective to convert them to use Curtiss OX 5 engines Contracts for 2 600 JS 1s were canceled and those not used for ground instruction by the US Army were sold as surplus or scrapped Curtiss which produced its competitor the Curtiss JN bought surplus J 1s which they modified with different powerplants for resale Many J 1s were flown by civilian flying schools and for joy riding and barnstorming operations until they were worn out or were forced into retirement by new air transport legislation in 1927 which banned passenger aircraft with wood structures due to a number of high profile accidents Variants edit nbsp Standard J modified with an enclosed cabin by T Claude Ryan in flight over San Diego 1 Sloan H series trainers and reconnaissance aircraft from 1913 Standard H series production by Standard of Sloan H series Standard J first Standard designed variant Standard J 1 trainer for U S Army Standard SJ 1 J 1 with additional pair of forward wheels to prevent noseovers Standard JR 1 advanced trainer for US Army Standard JR 1B mail carrier for US Post Office modification of JR 1 Standard E 4 redesignated JR 1B mailcarrier War surplus conversions edit nbsp Nicholas Beazley Standard photo from Aero Digest September 1926 Aerial Engineering Corporation Standard 6W 3 Modification for a pilot and four passengers Also known as the Mercury Standard 6 2 Curtiss Night Mail 1922 mailplane conversion of J 1 by Curtiss with new wings about 6 converted Lincoln Standard L S 5 J 1 modified with an open cockpit for four passengers Nicholas Beazley Standard J 1 aircraft modified by Nicholas Beazley Ryan Standard J 1 with a 180 hp Hispano Suiza engine 1 and an enclosed cabin for four passengers fitted by the Ryan Flying Company 3 9 converted 4 Sikorsky Standard civil trainer with Sikorsky Gluhareff Parasol wing also known as Standard SJ Operators edit nbsp United States United States Army Air Service United States Navy United States Post Office Department The San Diego Los Angeles Airlines 1 Surviving aircraft edit nbsp Standard J 1 at the USAF Museum showing the wing sweepback nbsp Standard J 1 fabric covering removed at the USAF Museum Over a dozen J 1s are on display or being restored Others projects are incomplete and awaiting restoration 214 J 1 on static display at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino California 5 6 581 J 1 airworthy at the Owls Head Transportation Museum in Owls Head Maine It has a Hispano Suiza V 8 engine installed 7 8 1000 J 1 airworthy with James F Hammond of Yellow Springs Ohio 9 1141 J 1 on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton Ohio It is displayed without a right wing or fabric covering has a Hall Scott A 4A engine installed and was donated by Robert Greiger in December 1962 10 11 1582 J 1 in storage at the Fantasy of Flight in Polk City Florida 12 13 It is composite of two airframes citation needed 1598 J 1 on static display at the San Diego Aerospace Museum in San Diego California 14 15 1956 J 1 airworthy at the EAA Aviation Museum in Oshkosh Wisconsin It has a Hispano Suiza Model A engine installed 16 17 18 2434 J 1 on display at the Fargo Air Museum in Fargo North Dakota It is on loan from Bonanzaville U S A It has an OXX 6 engine installed 19 failed verification 20 failed verification 2969 J 1 airworthy with Walter C Bowe of Sonoma California 21 It is assembled from original components as a period kit citation needed 41236 J 1 on static display at the Glenn H Curtiss Museum in Hammondsport New York It is on loan from the Henry Ford Museum 22 23 T 4595 J 1 at the Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum in Creve Coeur Missouri 24 25 T 4598 J 1 airworthy with the Freeman Heritage Collection in Kingsbury Texas 26 T 4732 J 1 airworthy with C C Air Corp of Port Hueneme California 27 J 1 on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton Ohio It has an OXX 6 engine installed 28 Specifications SJ edit nbsp Standard J 1 with Hispano Suiza engine Data from The Standard Aero Corporation Model J Training Tractor 29 General characteristicsCrew 2 Length 26 ft 7 in 8 10 m Upper wingspan 43 ft 11 in 13 39 m Lower wingspan 32 ft 9 8 m Height 10 ft 10 in 3 30 m Wing area 429 sq ft 39 9 m2 Airfoil R A F No 3 Empty weight 1 350 lb 612 kg Gross weight 1 950 lb 885 kg Fuel capacity 31 US gal 26 imp gal 120 L Powerplant 1 Hall Scott A 7 water cooled straight 4 engine 100 hp 75 kW Performance Maximum speed 68 mph 109 km h 59 kn Stall speed 37 mph 60 km h 32 kn Range 350 mi 560 km 300 nmi Time to altitude 10 minutes to 2 600 ft 790 m See also edit nbsp Aviation portal Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era Airco DH 4 Airco DH 6 Albatros C III Avro 504 Caudron G III Martin TT Nieuport 83 Related lists List of military aircraft of the United StatesReferences editNotes a b c Radecki Alan 2012 The First Airline in America Vintage Air Retrieved 12 November 2015 Les Ailes journal hebdomadaire de la locomotion aerienne directeur redacteur en chef Georges Houard Gallica 1926 02 18 Retrieved 2018 08 17 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft p 2835 Taylor 1989 p 774 Standard J 1 Yanks Air Museum Yanks Air Museum 2017 02 06 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Airframe Dossier StandardH J SJ JR E 4 c n 214 c r N214J Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 10 May 2017 1918 STANDARD J 1 Owls Head Transportation Museum Owls Head Transportation Museum Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N22581 Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N7063X Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 Standard J 1 Fabric Removed National Museum of the US Air Force 7 April 2015 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Airframe Dossier Standard J 1 c n 1141 Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 10 May 2017 1917 Standard J 1 Fantasy of Flight Fantasy of Flight Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N2825D Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 Airframe Dossier Standard J 1 c n 1598 c r NX2826D Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N2826D Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 EAA s Standard J 1 Makes First Post Restorative Flight EAA EAA 2 October 2014 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Airframe Dossier Standard H J SJ JR E 4 c r N6948 Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N6948 Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 Aircraft N9477 Data Airport Data com Airport Data com Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N9477 Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N5264 Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 Aircraft Glenn H Curtiss Museum Glenn H Curtiss Museum Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N823H Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 Museum Hangar 4 Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA Registry N62505 Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N598EF Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N4732W Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 10 May 2017 Standard J 1 National Museum of the US Air Force 7 April 2015 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Aviation April 1 1917 pp 216 217 Bibliography Donald David ed 1997 Encyclopedia of World Aircraft Ontario Prospero Books p 854 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft London Aerospace Publishing Standard Standard Caproni Standard DH Standard Handley Page Gates Day Standard Aerofiles Retrieved 2008 10 28 Taylor Michael J H 1989 Jane s Encyclopedia of Aviation London Studio Editions The Standard Aero Corporation Model J Training Tractor Aviation Vol II no 5 April 1 1917 pp 216 217 United States Air Force Museum Wright Patterson AFB Ohio Air Force Museum Foundation 1975 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Standard J The Owl s Head Transportation Museum s Standard J 1 page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Standard J amp oldid 1165867727, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
