fbpx
Wikipedia

Stabat Mater

April 11, 2024

For other uses, see Stabat Mater (disambiguation).
For the hymn about the Nativity, see Stabat Mater Speciosa.

The Stabat Mater is a 13th-century Christian hymn to the Virgin Mary that portrays her suffering as mother during the crucifixion of her son Jesus Christ. Its author may be either the Franciscan friar Jacopone da Todi or Pope Innocent III.[1][2][3] The title comes from its first line, "Stabat Mater dolorosa", which means "the sorrowful mother was standing".[4]

Pietro Perugino's depiction of Mary at the Cross, 1482. (National Gallery, Washington)

The hymn is sung at the liturgy on the memorial of Our Lady of Sorrows. The Stabat Mater has been set to music by many Western composers.

Date edit

The Stabat Mater has often been ascribed to Jacopone da Todi (ca. 1230–1306), but this has been strongly challenged by the discovery of the earliest notated copy of the Stabat Mater in a 13th-century gradual belonging to the Dominican nuns in Bologna (Museo Civico Medievale MS 518, fo. 200v-04r).[5]

The Stabat Mater was well known by the end of the 14th century and Georgius Stella wrote of its use in 1388, while other historians note its use later in the same century. In Provence, about 1399, it was used during the nine days' processions.[6]

As a liturgical sequence, the Stabat Mater was suppressed, along with hundreds of other sequences, by the Council of Trent, but restored to the missal by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727 for the Feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[7]

Text and translation edit

The Latin text below is from an 1853 Roman Breviary and is one of multiple extant versions of the poem.[8] The first English translation by Edward Caswall is not literal but preserves the trochaic tetrameter rhyme scheme and sense of the original text. The second English version is a more formal equivalence translation.

1. Stabat mater dolorósa
 juxta Crucem lacrimósa,
 dum pendébat Fílius.
2. Cuius ánimam geméntem,
 contristátam et doléntem
 pertransívit gládius.
3. O quam tristis et afflícta
 fuit illa benedícta,
 mater Unigéniti!
4. Quae mœrébat et dolébat,
 pia Mater, dum vidébat
 nati pœnas ínclyti.
5. Quis est homo qui non fleret,
 matrem Christi si vidéret
 in tanto supplício?
6. Quis non posset contristári
 Christi Matrem contemplári
 doléntem cum Fílio?
7. Pro peccátis suæ gentis
 vidit Jésum in torméntis,
 et flagéllis súbditum.
8. Vidit suum dulcem Natum
 moriéndo desolátum,
 dum emísit spíritum.
9. Eja, Mater, fons amóris
 me sentíre vim dolóris
 fac, ut tecum lúgeam.
10. Fac, ut árdeat cor meum
 in amándo Christum Deum
 ut sibi compláceam.
11. Sancta Mater, istud agas,
 crucifíxi fige plagas
 cordi meo válide.
12. Tui Nati vulneráti,
 tam dignáti pro me pati,
 pœnas mecum dívide.
13. Fac me tecum pie flere,
 crucifíxo condolére,
 donec ego víxero.
14. Juxta Crucem tecum stare,
 et me tibi sociáre
 in planctu desídero.
15. Virgo vírginum præclára,
 mihi iam non sis amára,
 fac me tecum plángere.
16. Fac ut portem Christi mortem,
 passiónis fac consórtem,
 et plagas recólere.
17. Fac me plagis vulnerári,
 fac me Cruce inebriári,
 et cruóre Fílii.
18. Flammis ne urar succénsus,
 per te, Virgo, sim defénsus
 in die iudícii.
19. Christe, cum sit hinc exire,
 da per Matrem me veníre
 ad palmam victóriæ.
20. Quando corpus moriétur,
 fac, ut ánimæ donétur
 paradísi glória.
Amen.[9]

At the Cross her station keeping,
Stood the mournful Mother weeping,
Close to Jesus to the last:

Through her heart, his sorrow sharing,
All his bitter anguish bearing,
now at length the sword has pass'd.

Oh, how sad and sore distress'd
Was that Mother highly blest
Of the sole-begotten One!

Christ above in torment hangs;
She beneath beholds the pangs
Of her dying glorious Son.

Is there one who would not weep,
Whelm'd in miseries so deep,
Christ's dear Mother to behold?

Can the human heart refrain
From partaking in her pain,
In that Mother's pain untold?

Bruis'd, derided, curs'd, defil'd,
She beheld her tender Child
All with bloody scourges rent;

For the sins of his own nation,
Saw Him hang in desolation,
Till His Spirit forth He sent.

O thou Mother! fount of love!
Touch my spirit from above,
Make my heart with thine accord:

Make me feel as thou hast felt;
Make my soul to glow and melt
With the love of Christ my Lord.

Holy Mother! pierce me through;
In my heart each wound renew
Of my Saviour crucified:

Let me share with thee His pain,
Who for all my sins was slain,
Who for me in torments died.

Let me mingle tears with thee,
Mourning Him who mourn'd for me,
All the days that I may live:

By the Cross with thee to stay;
There with thee to weep and pray;
Is all I ask of thee to give.

Virgin of all virgins blest!,
Listen to my fond request:
Let me share thy grief divine;

Let me, to my latest breath,
In my body bear the death
Of that dying Son of thine.

Wounded with his every wound,
Steep my soul till it hath swoon'd,
In His very blood away;

Be to me, O Virgin, nigh,
Lest in flames I burn and die,
In his awful Judgment day.

Christ, when Thou shalt call me hence,
Be Thy Mother my defence,
Be Thy Cross my victory;

While my body here decays,
May my soul thy goodness praise,
Safe in Paradise with Thee.

– Translation by Edward Caswall[10]

The sorrowful mother was standing
beside the Cross weeping,
while the Son was hanging.

Whose moaning soul,
depressed and grieving,
the sword has passed through.

O how sad and stricken
was that blessed [woman],
mother of the Only-begotten [one]!

Who was mourning and suffering,
the pious Mother, while she was watching
the punishments of the glorious son.

Who is the person who would not weep,
if he had seen the mother of Christ
in such great suffering?

Who would not be able to be saddened
to behold the Mother of Christ
grieving with the Son?

For the sins of his people
she saw Jesus in torments,
and subjected to lashes.

She saw her sweet Son
dying forsaken,
while he sent forth [his] spirit.

Come now, O Mother, fountain of love
Make me feel the power of sorrow
that I might mourn with you.

Grant that my heart may burn
in loving Christ the God
that I might please him.

O Holy Mother, may you do that,
fix the wounds of the cross
mightily in my heart.

Of your wounded son,
[who] so deigned to suffer for me,
Share [his] penalties with me.

Make me cry dutifully with you,
to suffer (with him) on the cross,
as long as I shall have lived.

To stand by the Cross with you,
to unite me to you
in weeping [this] I desire.

O noble Virgin of virgins,
Be not bitter with me now,
Make me mourn with you.

Grant that I might bear the death of Christ,
Make [me] kindred in the passion,
and contemplate the wounds.

Make me injured by the wounds,
make me drunken by the Cross,
and by the blood of the Son.

Lest I be consumed burned by flames,
through you, O Virgin, may I be defended
on the day of judgement.

O Christ, when it is time to depart hence,
grant me to come through the Mother,
to the palm of victory.

When the body will decay,
grant that it may be bestowed on [my] soul
the glory of paradise.

Amen.

Indulgence edit

To the Stabat mater was attributed the indulgence of 100 days each time it was recited.[11]

Musical settings edit

Main category: Stabat Mater settings

Composers who have written settings of the Stabat Mater include:

Most settings are in Latin. Karol Szymanowski's setting is in Polish, although it may also be sung in Latin. George Oldroyd's setting is in Latin with an English translation for Anglican and Episcopalian use.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Sabatier, Paul Life of St. Francis Assisi Charles Scribner Press, NY, 1919, page 286
  2. ^ The seven great hymns of the Mediaeval Church by Charles Cooper Nott 1868 ASIN: B003KCW2LA page 96
  3. ^ p. 574, Alighieri, Durling, Martinez (2003) Dante, Robert M., Ronald L. Oxford The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Purgatorio Volume 2 of The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri Oxford University Press. "The Stabat Mater by the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi."
  4. ^ Stabat Mater, Volume 68 by Girolamo Abos, Joseph Vella Bondin 2003 ISBN 0-89579-531-0 page xviii [1]
  5. ^ Cesarino Ruini, "Un antico versione dello Stabat Mater in un graduale delle Domenicane bolognesi," Deo è lo scrivano ch’el canto à ensegnato: Segni e simboli nella musica al tempo di Iacopone, Atti del Convegno internazionale, Collazzone, 7-8 luglio 2006, ed. Ernesto Sergio Mainoldi and Stefania Vitale, Philomusica On-line, 9, no. 3 (2010).
  6. ^   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Stabat Mater". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  7. ^ Heartz, Daniel (1995). Haydn, Mozart and the Viennese School: 1740-1780. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 305. ISBN 0-393-03712-6. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  8. ^ "Stabat Mater Dolorosa and Speciosa". The Ultimate Stabat Mater Website. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  9. ^ Breviarum Romanum. Mechelen: H. Dessain. 1853. pp. 455–456, 460–461.
  10. ^ Caswall, Edward (1849). Lyra Catholica. London: James Burns. pp. 138–142.
  11. ^ Don Giovanni Bosco (1935). Il giovane provveduto per la pratica dei suoi doveri religiosi [The young man provided for the practice of his religious duties] (in Italian). Turin: International Publishing Company, Tipografia S.E.I. (M. E. 9736), c.so Regina Margherita, n. 176. pp. 341–342. new edition, enriched with prayers according to the catechism, Masses and antiphons in Gregorian chant, and authorized by Don Paolo Albera, Rector Major of the Pious Salesian Society
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Dvořák: Stabat Mater. Oratorio for Soloists, Chorus and Orchestra at Supraphon website.
  13. ^ Entry for Antoni Soler's Stabat Mater at The Ultimate Stabat Mater Site: A Musical Journey Through the Ages. [Accessed 16 December 2020].
  14. ^ "Kuula - The ultimate Stabat Mater site". The ultimate Stabat Mater site. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  15. ^ "James MacMillan - Stabat Mater". Boosey & Hawkes. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  16. ^ Stabat Mater for mezzo-soprano and male choir (2017)

External links edit

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Stabat Mater
  • Website about (now) 250 different Stabat Mater compositions: information about the composers, the music and the text. The site also includes translations of the text in 20 languages.
  • Several English translations
  • Chant performed by "Exsurge Domine" vocal ensemble.
  • Karol Szymanowski's "Stabat Mater". Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra. Thomas Dausgaard, conductor. Live concert.

April 11, 2024
stabat, mater, other, uses, disambiguation, hymn, about, nativity, speciosa, 13th, century, christian, hymn, virgin, mary, that, portrays, suffering, mother, during, crucifixion, jesus, christ, author, either, franciscan, friar, jacopone, todi, pope, innocent,. For other uses see Stabat Mater disambiguation For the hymn about the Nativity see Stabat Mater Speciosa The Stabat Mater is a 13th century Christian hymn to the Virgin Mary that portrays her suffering as mother during the crucifixion of her son Jesus Christ Its author may be either the Franciscan friar Jacopone da Todi or Pope Innocent III 1 2 3 The title comes from its first line Stabat Mater dolorosa which means the sorrowful mother was standing 4 Pietro Perugino s depiction of Mary at the Cross 1482 National Gallery Washington The hymn is sung at the liturgy on the memorial of Our Lady of Sorrows The Stabat Mater has been set to music by many Western composers Contents 1 Date 2 Text and translation 3 Indulgence 4 Musical settings 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDate editThe Stabat Mater has often been ascribed to Jacopone da Todi ca 1230 1306 but this has been strongly challenged by the discovery of the earliest notated copy of the Stabat Mater in a 13th century gradual belonging to the Dominican nuns in Bologna Museo Civico Medievale MS 518 fo 200v 04r 5 The Stabat Mater was well known by the end of the 14th century and Georgius Stella wrote of its use in 1388 while other historians note its use later in the same century In Provence about 1399 it was used during the nine days processions 6 As a liturgical sequence the Stabat Mater was suppressed along with hundreds of other sequences by the Council of Trent but restored to the missal by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727 for the Feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary 7 Text and translation editThe Latin text below is from an 1853 Roman Breviary and is one of multiple extant versions of the poem 8 The first English translation by Edward Caswall is not literal but preserves the trochaic tetrameter rhyme scheme and sense of the original text The second English version is a more formal equivalence translation 1 Stabat mater dolorosa juxta Crucem lacrimosa dum pendebat Filius 2 Cuius animam gementem contristatam et dolentem pertransivit gladius 3 O quam tristis et afflicta fuit illa benedicta mater Unigeniti 4 Quae mœrebat et dolebat pia Mater dum videbat nati pœnas inclyti 5 Quis est homo qui non fleret matrem Christi si videret in tanto supplicio 6 Quis non posset contristari Christi Matrem contemplari dolentem cum Filio 7 Pro peccatis suae gentis vidit Jesum in tormentis et flagellis subditum 8 Vidit suum dulcem Natum moriendo desolatum dum emisit spiritum 9 Eja Mater fons amoris me sentire vim doloris fac ut tecum lugeam 10 Fac ut ardeat cor meum in amando Christum Deum ut sibi complaceam 11 Sancta Mater istud agas crucifixi fige plagas cordi meo valide 12 Tui Nati vulnerati tam dignati pro me pati pœnas mecum divide 13 Fac me tecum pie flere crucifixo condolere donec ego vixero 14 Juxta Crucem tecum stare et me tibi sociare in planctu desidero 15 Virgo virginum praeclara mihi iam non sis amara fac me tecum plangere 16 Fac ut portem Christi mortem passionis fac consortem et plagas recolere 17 Fac me plagis vulnerari fac me Cruce inebriari et cruore Filii 18 Flammis ne urar succensus per te Virgo sim defensus in die iudicii 19 Christe cum sit hinc exire da per Matrem me venire ad palmam victoriae 20 Quando corpus morietur fac ut animae donetur paradisi gloria Amen 9 At the Cross her station keeping Stood the mournful Mother weeping Close to Jesus to the last Through her heart his sorrow sharing All his bitter anguish bearing now at length the sword has pass d Oh how sad and sore distress d Was that Mother highly blest Of the sole begotten One Christ above in torment hangs She beneath beholds the pangs Of her dying glorious Son Is there one who would not weep Whelm d in miseries so deep Christ s dear Mother to behold Can the human heart refrain From partaking in her pain In that Mother s pain untold Bruis d derided curs d defil d She beheld her tender Child All with bloody scourges rent For the sins of his own nation Saw Him hang in desolation Till His Spirit forth He sent O thou Mother fount of love Touch my spirit from above Make my heart with thine accord Make me feel as thou hast felt Make my soul to glow and melt With the love of Christ my Lord Holy Mother pierce me through In my heart each wound renew Of my Saviour crucified Let me share with thee His pain Who for all my sins was slain Who for me in torments died Let me mingle tears with thee Mourning Him who mourn d for me All the days that I may live By the Cross with thee to stay There with thee to weep and pray Is all I ask of thee to give Virgin of all virgins blest Listen to my fond request Let me share thy grief divine Let me to my latest breath In my body bear the death Of that dying Son of thine Wounded with his every wound Steep my soul till it hath swoon d In His very blood away Be to me O Virgin nigh Lest in flames I burn and die In his awful Judgment day Christ when Thou shalt call me hence Be Thy Mother my defence Be Thy Cross my victory While my body here decays May my soul thy goodness praise Safe in Paradise with Thee Translation by Edward Caswall 10 The sorrowful mother was standing beside the Cross weeping while the Son was hanging Whose moaning soul depressed and grieving the sword has passed through O how sad and stricken was that blessed woman mother of the Only begotten one Who was mourning and suffering the pious Mother while she was watching the punishments of the glorious son Who is the person who would not weep if he had seen the mother of Christ in such great suffering Who would not be able to be saddened to behold the Mother of Christ grieving with the Son For the sins of his people she saw Jesus in torments and subjected to lashes She saw her sweet Son dying forsaken while he sent forth his spirit Come now O Mother fountain of love Make me feel the power of sorrow that I might mourn with you Grant that my heart may burn in loving Christ the God that I might please him O Holy Mother may you do that fix the wounds of the cross mightily in my heart Of your wounded son who so deigned to suffer for me Share his penalties with me Make me cry dutifully with you to suffer with him on the cross as long as I shall have lived To stand by the Cross with you to unite me to you in weeping this I desire O noble Virgin of virgins Be not bitter with me now Make me mourn with you Grant that I might bear the death of Christ Make me kindred in the passion and contemplate the wounds Make me injured by the wounds make me drunken by the Cross and by the blood of the Son Lest I be consumed burned by flames through you O Virgin may I be defended on the day of judgement O Christ when it is time to depart hence grant me to come through the Mother to the palm of victory When the body will decay grant that it may be bestowed on my soul the glory of paradise Amen Indulgence editTo the Stabat mater was attributed the indulgence of 100 days each time it was recited 11 Musical settings editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Main category Stabat Mater settings Composers who have written settings of the Stabat Mater include Josquin des Prez 12 Orlande de Lassus 1585 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Stabat Mater c 1590 12 Giovanni Felice Sances 1643 Marc Antoine Charpentier H 15 amp H 387 1685 90 Louis Nicolas Clerambault C 70 17 Sebastien de Brossard SdB 8 1702 Emanuele d Astorga 1707 Antonio Vivaldi Stabat Mater 1712 Domenico Scarlatti 1715 Nicola Fago 1719 Alessandro Scarlatti Stabat Mater 1723 12 Antonio Caldara 1725 Agostino Steffani 1727 Giovanni Battista Pergolesi Stabat Mater 1736 12 Nicola Logroscino 1760 Florian Leopold Gassmann 1765 Joseph Haydn Stabat Mater 1767 12 Giuseppe Tartini 1769 12 Tommaso Traetta 1770 Antonio Soler 1775 13 Luigi Boccherini Stabat Mater 1781 1801 Franz Ignaz Beck 1782 Pasquale Cafaro 1784 Franz Schubert Stabat Mater in G minor 1815 and Stabat Mater in F minor 1816 Juan Crisostomo Arriaga 1821 Gioacchino Rossini Stabat Mater 1831 1841 12 Peter Cornelius 1849 Franz Liszt part of the oratorio Christus 1862 1866 Antonin Dvorak Stabat Mater 1876 1877 12 Laura Netzel 1890 Josef Bohuslav Foerster Op 56 1891 1892 12 Frantisek Musil cs Op 50 1893 12 Giuseppe Verdi 1897 Charles Villiers Stanford 1906 Toivo Kuula 1919 14 George Oldroyd 1922 Karol Szymanowski Stabat Mater 1925 1926 12 Johann Nepomuk David 1927 Lennox Berkeley 1947 Julia Perry 1947 Francis Poulenc Stabat Mater 1950 Krzysztof Penderecki in St Luke Passion 1963 1966 12 Arvo Part Stabat Mater 1985 Knut Nystedt 1986 Amaral Vieira 1988 Trond Kverno 1991 Pawel Lukaszewski 1994 Vladimir Martynov 1994 Salvador Brotons 1997 Frank Ferko 1999 Vladimir Godar 2001 Bruno Coulais 2005 Karl Jenkins Stabat Mater 2008 Paul Mealor 2009 revised 2010 Metropolitan Hilarion 2011 Franco Simone 2014 James MacMillan 2015 15 Vache Sharafyan 16 Most settings are in Latin Karol Szymanowski s setting is in Polish although it may also be sung in Latin George Oldroyd s setting is in Latin with an English translation for Anglican and Episcopalian use See also editCatholic MariologyReferences edit Sabatier Paul Life of St Francis Assisi Charles Scribner Press NY 1919 page 286 The seven great hymns of the Mediaeval Church by Charles Cooper Nott 1868 ASIN B003KCW2LA page 96 p 574 Alighieri Durling Martinez 2003 Dante Robert M Ronald L Oxford The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri Purgatorio Volume 2 of The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri Oxford University Press The Stabat Mater by the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi Stabat Mater Volume 68 by Girolamo Abos Joseph Vella Bondin 2003 ISBN 0 89579 531 0 page xviii 1 Cesarino Ruini Un antico versione dello Stabat Mater in un graduale delle Domenicane bolognesi Deo e lo scrivano ch el canto a ensegnato Segni e simboli nella musica al tempo di Iacopone Atti del Convegno internazionale Collazzone 7 8 luglio 2006 ed Ernesto Sergio Mainoldi and Stefania Vitale Philomusica On line 9 no 3 2010 nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Stabat Mater Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Heartz Daniel 1995 Haydn Mozart and the Viennese School 1740 1780 W W Norton amp Co p 305 ISBN 0 393 03712 6 Retrieved 3 April 2011 Stabat Mater Dolorosa and Speciosa The Ultimate Stabat Mater Website Retrieved 25 February 2022 Breviarum Romanum Mechelen H Dessain 1853 pp 455 456 460 461 Caswall Edward 1849 Lyra Catholica London James Burns pp 138 142 Don Giovanni Bosco 1935 Il giovane provveduto per la pratica dei suoi doveri religiosi The young man provided for the practice of his religious duties in Italian Turin International Publishing Company Tipografia S E I M E 9736 c so Regina Margherita n 176 pp 341 342 new edition enriched with prayers according to the catechism Masses and antiphons in Gregorian chant and authorized by Don Paolo Albera Rector Major of the Pious Salesian Society a b c d e f g h i j k l Dvorak Stabat Mater Oratorio for Soloists Chorus and Orchestra at Supraphon website Entry for Antoni Soler s Stabat Mater at The Ultimate Stabat Mater Site A Musical Journey Through the Ages Accessed 16 December 2020 Kuula The ultimate Stabat Mater site The ultimate Stabat Mater site Retrieved 2018 04 06 James MacMillan Stabat Mater Boosey amp Hawkes Retrieved 2017 04 14 Stabat Mater for mezzo soprano and male choir 2017 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Stabat Mater Website about now 250 different Stabat Mater compositions information about the composers the music and the text The site also includes translations of the text in 20 languages Several English translations Chant performed by Exsurge Domine vocal ensemble Karol Szymanowski s Stabat Mater Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra Thomas Dausgaard conductor Live concert Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stabat Mater amp oldid 1216249653, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.