St James' Church, Louth

St James' Church, Louth, is the Anglican parish church of Louth in Lincolnshire, England. It is notable for having the third tallest spire in the whole of the United Kingdom. The church was the site of the Lincolnshire Rising, starting in October 1537 and led by the vicar, who was drawn and quartered for his actions.

St James' Church, Louth
St James' Church
The church and its spire
St James' Church, Louth Location within Lincolnshire
53°22′00″N 0°00′29″W / 53.3666°N 0.0080°W / 53.3666; -0.0080
Location	Louth, East Lindsey
Country	England
Denomination	Church of England
Churchmanship	Broad Church
Website	St James' Church
History
Status	Active
Dedication	James, son of Zebedee
Architecture
Functional status	Active
Heritage designation	Grade I listed^[1]
Years built	1430–1440 (Church was built), 1515 (Spire was built and completed) ^[2]
Specifications
Length	182 feet (55 m)
Spire height	287 feet 6 inches (87.63 m)
Administration
Province	Canterbury
Diocese	Lincoln
Archdeaconry	Lincoln
Deanery	Louthesk^[3]
Parish	Louth
Clergy
Rector	Cameron Watt
Laity
Organist/Director of music	Allan Smith

History

The church is a medieval building. It has the tallest steeple of any medieval parish church in Britain. A recent survey has confirmed the height of the stonework as 287 feet 6 inches (87.63 m) and to the top of the cockerel weather vane as 293 feet 1 inch (89.33 m). It also confirms it as one of the very finest medieval steeples in the country^[4]

 

The church and spire seen from the town centre

The chancel and nave were re-built between 1430 and 1440. The building of the tower probably commenced in the 1440s or 1450s and was completed to its present height by 1499. Work began on the spire in 1501 and it was not finished until 1515. The weathercock was placed on the top of the spire amongst great rejoicing on the eve of Holy Cross Day, 13 September 1515. This 'wedercoke' had been made in Lincoln from a huge copper basin captured from the Scots at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. It was bought in York by Thomas Tayleyor, one of the churchwardens at St James'. The total cost of the spire alone was £305 8s 4d, (equivalent to £240,800 in 2021).^[5]

The church is mainly 15th century and is the third building on the site, replacing 11th- and 13th-century buildings. Originally the church had five subsidiary chapels and altars and a three-storey rood screen.

In October 1536, as a result of Henry VIII's ecclesiastical changes, people gathered in the church to start the Lincolnshire Rising, which was followed by the Pilgrimage of Grace. Neither succeeded and the church was stripped of its riches, including the rood screen, by the king's forces.

 

The tower and spire

The nave roof was replaced in 1825.^[6] The spire was restored between 1844 and 1845 by Lewis Nockalls Cottingham.^[7]

A further restoration took place between 1861 and 1869 by James Fowler, known as 'Fowler of Louth'.^[1] The clerestories and arcades were cleaned and underpinned. A new south porch was erected. The church was refitted with open seats of oak; the Corporation stalls being of the same material. The pulpit was carved by T. W. Wallis. The floors were laid with Minton tiles, designed by the architect. A new heating system by Hayden and Son of Trowbridge was installed with the boiler in a newly constructed vault. A stained glass window, the gift of J. L. Fytche, was fixed on the east end of the south aisle. Another window, by Clayton and Bell, was to be placed at the west end of the north aisle, in memory of General Sir George Patey. The total cost of the works was around £6,000 (equivalent to £590,000 in 2021).^[5] The church was re-opened on 5 August 1869 in the presence of the Bishop of Lincoln.^[8]

In 1937, the church flew the highest flag in Lincolnshire to mark the coronation of George VI.^[9] Later that year, renovation work commenced on the spire, under the supervision of architect Mr. Goddard, who had previously worked on Lincoln Cathedral.^[9]

In 2015 researchers discovered two pieces of a pre-Conquest standing Stone Cross, dating to c950, in the Rectory garden. In form the Cross is of the 'ring' or 'wheel head' type, the central design being of Christ crucified. This type is more commonly seen today in Ireland. The Cross and its implications for the archaeology, history and the early church in Louth are discussed in a major article by Everson and Stocker, "{'}The Cros in the Markitte Stede'. The Louth Cross, its Monastery and its Town." (Medieval Archaeology Journal, vol. 61/2, 2017).^[10] The Louth Cross is on display within the church and a small booklet about it is available at the gift shop.

 

Main tower and spire from the front

In 2017 funding was raised to fit a viewing door to the cell just below the spire floor. It holds the original medieval treadwheel that was used to haul up the stone and mortar for construction of the spire (1501–1515). Substantial records exist in the churchwardens' accounts from 1501 onward for the construction and use of the wheel, which was to become known as The Wild Mare. A small booklet about this rare survival is available from the church gift shop.

Dedication

The church is dedicated to James, son of Zebedee. In the Middle Ages, this saint was the focus of a major pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.

Incumbents

Vicars

• 1200 Jordan, Priest
• 1247 Herueus (Harvey)
• 1276 Gilbert de Tetilthorp
• 1278 Master Richard de Welleton, Chaplain
• 1294 William de Leycton
• 1328 Robert de Foston, Deacon
• 1345 John de Waynflet
• 1349 Thomas de Kele
• 1368 Robert de Bloxham
• 1369 John de Harhill
• Simon Waynflete (over 20 years)
• 1421 Thomas Gedeney (Gednay) (20 years)
• 1443–44 Master John Sudbury^[11]
• 1461–62 Dom. Thomas Sudbury
• 1502 Master Richard Barnyngham (Bernyngham)
• 1514 Master Thomas Egleston
• 1527 Master George Thomson
• 1534 Master Thomas Kendall
• 1537 Geoffrey Baily (Baylie)
• 1549 John Louth
• 1558–59 Robert Doughty
• 1600 James Calfhill
• 1601 Alexander Cooke
• 1604 John Melton (still signing registers in 1636)
• Richard Smith
• 1630 Paul Glisson
• 1654 Henry Gray
• 1656 Henry Daile
• Francis Castillion
• 1668 Samuel Adcock
• 1671 William Wetherell
• Samuel Nicholls (not instituted)
• 1704 William Richardson
• 1711 Charles L'Oste
• 1730 Stephen Ashton
• 1764 Stephen Fytche
• 1780 Wolley Jolland
• 1831 Edward Reginald Mantell

Rectors

In 1859 the income of the vicarage was augmented by an Order in Council by amalgamating it with revenues of the associated canonry of Lincoln Cathedral, the benefice becoming a rectory in its own right. The vicar in post became the new Rector of Louth and held the associated canonry from that point onwards. During the 19th and early 20th centuries the parish was divided to create two new parishes, of which the Rector of Louth was the patron. From 1928 the Rector of Louth was held together with the post of Rector of Welton le Wold. In 1974 the benefice became part of a Team Ministry serving the newly created Parish of Louth which incorporated these parishes (St Michael's and Holy Trinity) with those of South and North Elkington, Keddington and Stewton. Since that time the Rector of Louth has been Team Rector of the Team Ministry.

• 1859 Albert Sydney Wilde
• 1915 Arthur Duncan-Jones, later Vicar of St Mary's, Primrose Hill and Dean of Chichester
• 1916 Charles Lenton
• 1928 Humphrey Phillipps Walcot Burton
• 1952 Aidan Crawley Pulleine Ward
• 1969 Michael Edgar Adie, afterwards become Archdeacon of Lincoln and then Bishop of Guildford
• 1977 David William Owen
• 1993 Stephen Douglas Holdaway
• 2013 Nicholas James Watson Brown
• 2021 John Cameron Watt^[12]

Bells

There is a peal of eight bells. They were recast in 1726 by Daniel Hedderly. In 1798 the great bell was cracked when it was rung to celebrate Nelson's victory in the Battle of the Nile. They were rehung in 1957, and the treble and two were recast. They have subsequently been refurbished and rehung in 2022.

Tower clock

The clock in the tower was installed in 1846 and made by Benjamin Vulliamy.^[13] It had a pin-wheel dead-beat escapement, with an eight-day movement. It was expected to last 200 years before needing replacement, and was set going on 25 July 1846.

It was replaced in August 1901 by a clock made by Leonard Hall of Louth. It contained a double three-legged gravity escapement as invented by Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe, and chimed the Westminster chimes every 15 minutes. The hour hammer weighs 57 pounds (26 kg). The total weight of the clock is about 1 long ton (1.1 short tons) with driving weights of another 1 ton, suspended on steel wire ropes of 450 feet (140 m).^[14]

Organ

An organ accompanied the singing of the Te Deum at the consecration of the spire in 1515. This organ had been brought some years before from Flanders.^[15] When this organ was worn out in 1531, it is recorded in the parish records:

That the honest men of this towne of Louthe deshirying to have a good payr of organs, to the laude, prayse and honour of God, and the Hole, Holy Co’pany of heffen, made an assemble together for this purpose on a certayne daye; at which type Mr. Richard Taylor, preste and bachelor of laws, then abydyng w’tin the dyocess of Norwiche being p’sent, herying the good devoute mynds, and vertuouse intent of the said townesmen, wherin he was borne and brought up, offred for to cause them have a payr made of a c’nnyng man in Lyn, that should be exampled by a payre of the same making at Ely, who was called Mr. Blyton, which then had a singular Prayse, for the sum of xxii powndes, whereof he pr’mysed to giff thereto xi powndes: upon whiche promesse they accorded, insomuch that the said Mr. Taylor covennantyd and bargaynyd the organ to be made and brought to this towne, and set upon the north syde in the hihhe quere, on St Barnabe Eve, in the yere of oure Lorde, M.V. xxxj., &c., &c.

A new organ by Gray & Davison costing £800 (equivalent to £81,200 in 2021)^[5] was opened on 17 December 1857^[16] by Henry Smart. This organ was altered by Forster and Andrews in 1868/9. After a rebuild in 1911 by Norman and Beard, it now has 37 stops and three manuals and pedals.

 

Pipe organ in St James Church.

Organists

• Joseph Hill 1768 – 1819 (formerly a pupil at Beverley Minster; about 30 years of age when he was appointed to Louth, presumably his first and only appointment. See also obit.^[17])
• John Hoyland 1819–1827 (previously organist of St James' Church, Sheffield)
• William Hoyland 1829 – 1857 (son of John Hoyland)
• George Dixon 1859 – 1865 (formerly organist at St Swithun's Church, East Retford, afterwards organist of St Wulfram's Church, Grantham)
• George Henry Porter 1866 – 1897
• Owen Menai Price 1897 -^[18][19] 1946
• Harold Dexter 1946 – 1949^[20] (later organist of Southwark Cathedral)
• Dennis Townhill 1949 – 1956^[21]
• William Pierce 1956 – 1960 (returned to Australia)
• Michael Nicholas 1960 – 1964
• Michael John Smith 1965 – 1966 (later organist of Llandaff Cathedral)
• Peter Burness 1966 – 1996
• Frederic Goodwin 1996 – 2009
• Keith Morgan 2009 – 2011
• Lisa Taylor 2011–2015
• Allan Smith 2014–present (Master of the Choristers)
• Phil Hotham 2016–2023 (Organist)

Assistant organists

• Albert Sharman ca.1905^[22]
• Roger Harrison 1999 – 2011

Visiting and tourism

St James is nominated a "Cascade Church" within the Lincolnshire Church Tourism Network, an ecumenical scheme which promotes visits to and understanding of Lincolnshire's many churches. Like other Cascade churches it is stewarded on weekdays and there are guides available until 16:00. The western end of the church now has a tea shop, book shop and toilets, as well as information leading to other churches in the East Lindsey area.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

•  
  Side chapel in St James Church.
•  
  View towards the back of the church.
•  
  One of two wood carvings of angels in one of the side chapels in the church.
•  
  Chair on the altar.
•  
  Stained glass window.
•  
  Detail of a pew around the altar.
•  
  Pews around the altar.
•  
  Stained glass window and altar.
•  
  Altar and pews.
•  
  Decorative kneeling cushions.
•  
  Spire of the church.
•  
  Main entrance.
•  
  Exterior and windows.
•  
  Exterior and spire.
•  
  Exterior.
•  
  Interior of the western tower or belfry.
•  
  Nave and chancel, viewed from the western end of the church.
•  
  Chancel of the church, viewed over the nave altar.
•  
  High altar of the church.
•  
  Altar of St Stephen's Chapel.
•  
  Plaque commemorating Lincolnshire Rising of 1536, opposite south entrance to church.
•  
  Pulpit carved by Thomas Wilkinson Wallis
•  
  Detail of the lectern.

References

1. Historic England. "Parish Church of St James (Grade I) (1063264)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
2. "History of St James Church – Team Parish of Louth". www.teamparishoflouth.org.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
3. "St James, Louth". A Church Near You. The Church of England. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
4. . www.thamesandhudson.com. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
5. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
6. "Louth Church". Stamford Mercury. England. 24 December 1824. Retrieved 22 August 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
7. Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John (1974). The Buildings of England. Lincolnshire. Penguin Books. p. 300. ISBN 0140710272.
8. "Louth. Re-opening of the Parish Church". Stamford Mercury. England. 13 August 1869. Retrieved 22 August 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
9. "LOUTH'S SPIRE". Geraldton Guardian and Express (WA : 1929 – 1947). WA: National Library of Australia. 28 August 1937. p. 1. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
10. "Anglo-Saxon cross fragments found in Louth rectory garden". BBC News. 18 April 2016.
11. . Archived from the original on 5 April 2017.
12. . Diocese of Lincoln. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
13. "Louth". Stamford Mercury. England. 31 July 1846. Retrieved 21 August 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
14. "Munificcent Gift to the Town". Stamford Mercury. England. 20 September 1901. Retrieved 21 August 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
15. "Organs of St James". Lincolnshire Chronicle. England. 13 June 1857. Retrieved 22 August 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
16. "Local Intelligence". Lincolnshire Chronicle. England. 25 December 1857. Retrieved 22 August 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
17. Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury, 12 March 1819
18. Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire, 1909, p.430
19. Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire, 1919, p.420
20. Who's Who in Music. Shaw Publishing Co. Ltd. London. First Post-war Edition. 1949/50
21. . Archived from the original on 24 May 2010.
22. Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire, 1905, p.535