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Saint Blaise Abbey, Black Forest

January 20, 2023

Saint Blaise Abbey (German: Kloster Sankt Blasien) was a Benedictine monastery in the village of St. Blasien in the Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

St. Blaise's Cathedral, the former abbey church

History

9th–12th centuries

The early history of the abbey is obscure. Its predecessor in the 9th century is supposed to have been a cell of Rheinau Abbey, known as cella alba (the "white cell"), but the line of development between that and the confirmed existence of St Blaise's Abbey in the 11th century is unclear. At some point the new foundation would have had to become independent of Rheinau, in which process the shadowy Reginbert of Seldenbüren (died about 962), traditionally named as the founder, may have played some role. The first definite abbot of St Blaise however was Werner I (1045?–1069). On 8 June 1065 the abbey received a grant of immunity from Emperor Henry IV, although it had connections to the family of the anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden.

Between 1070 and 1073 there seem to have been contacts between St. Blaise and the active Cluniac abbey of Fruttuaria in Italy, which led to St. Blaise following the Fruttuarian reforms, introducing lay-brothers or "conversi" and probably even the reformation of the abbey as a double monastery for both monks and nuns (the nuns are said to have re-settled to Berau Abbey by 1117).

Bernold of Constance (ca 1050–1100) in his histories counts St Blaise alongside Hirsau Abbey as leading Swabian reform monasteries. Other religious houses reformed by, or founded as priories of, St Blaise were: Muri Abbey (1082), Ochsenhausen Abbey (1093), Göttweig Abbey (1094), Stein am Rhein Abbey (before 1123) and Prüm Abbey (1132). It also had significant influence on the abbeys of Alpirsbach (1099), Ettenheimmünster (1124) and Sulzburg (ca 1125), and the priories of Weitenau (ca 1100), Bürgeln (before 1130) and Sitzenkirch (ca 1130). A list of prayer partnerships, drawn up about 1150, shows how extensive the connections were between St Blaise and other religious communities.

During the course of the 12th century however the zeal of the monks cooled, as their attention became increasingly focussed on the acquisition, management and exploitation of their substantial estates, which by the 15th century extended across the whole of the Black Forest and included not only the abbey's priories named above, but also the nunnery at Gutnau and the livings of Niederrotweil, Schluchsee, Wettelbrunn, Achdorf, Hochemmingen, Todtnau, Efringen, Schönau, Wangen, Plochingen, Nassenbeuren and many others.[1]

13th–17th centuries

 
Boundary stone, Bonndorf (1767)

The original Vogtei (protective lordship) of the Bishops of Basle was shaken off quite early: a charter of the Emperor Henry V dated 8 January 1125 confirms that the abbey possessed imperial protection and free election of their Vogt. Nevertheless, the office afterwards became a possession of the Zähringer, and after their extinction in 1218, was held at Imperial will and gift under the Emperor Frederick II. While this may well have preserved a certain bond with the Emperor, there seems to have been no question of St Blaise's having the status of a "Reichskloster".

From the mid-13th century the Vögte (protective lordship) were Habsburg which this drew St. Blaise increasingly into the Austrian sphere of influence. The ties to the Empire remained, however: the abbey was named between 1422 and 1521 in the lists of imperial territories and the Swabian Circle tried in vain in 1549 to claim St Blaise as an imperial abbey. The four imperial lordships which St Blaise's had acquired by the end of the 13th century — Blumegg, Bettmaringen, Gutenburg and Berauer Berg — in fact formed the nucleus of the reichsunmittelbar lordship of Bonndorf, constituted in 1609, from which the Prince-Abbots derived their status in the Holy Roman Empire.[2]

17th century – present

The abbey was dissolved in the course of secularisation in 1806 and the monastic premises were thereupon used as one of the earliest mechanised factories in Germany. The monks however, under the last Prince-Abbot Dr Berthold Rottler, found their way to St. Paul's Abbey in the Lavanttal in Austria, where they settled in 1809.

From 1934, the remaining buildings have been occupied by the well-known Jesuit college, the Kolleg St. Blasien.

St Blaise's "Cathedral"

The abbey church burnt down in 1768, and was rebuilt as a Neoclassical round church by the architect Pierre Michel d'Ixnard, with an enormous dome 46 metres across and 63 metres high (the third-largest in Europe north of the Alps), during the years up to 1781 under the Prince-Abbot Martin Gerbert. It was consecrated in 1784.[3]

It remains as the Dom St Blasius, or "St Blaise's Cathedral" (so called because of its size and magnificence, not because it is a cathedral in any ecclesiastical or administrative sense). Dom properly denotes or means an important church (as the main church of a town or a city), not a cathedal (seat of a bishop), Kathedrale in German. The effects of another catastrophic fire in 1874 were only finally remedied in the 1980s.

Gallery

  • Sankt Blasien
  •  

    Painting of the Abbey, 1783

  •  

    St Blaise Abbey

  •  

    Front of the Abbey

  •  

    The Abbey Dome

Abbots of St. Blaise in the Black Forest

  • Beringer von Hohenschwanden (945-974)
  • Ifo (974-983)
  • Siegfried (983-1021)
  • Bernard (1021–1045)
  • Werner I (1045–1069)
  • Giselbert (1068–1086)
  • Otto I (1086–1108)
  • Rustenus (1108–1125)
  • Berthold I (1125–1141)
  • Gunther of Andlau (1141–1170?)
  • Werner II of Küssaberg (1170–1178)
  • Theodebert of Bussnang (1178–1186)
  • Manegold of Hallwil (1186–1204)
  • Hermann I of Messkirch (1204–1222)
  • Otto II (1222–1223)
  • Hermann II (1223–1237)
  • Heinrich I (1237–1240)
  • Arnold I (1240–1247)
  • Arnold II (1247–1276)
  • Heinrich II of Stadion (1276–1294)
  • Berthold II (1294–1308)
  • Heinrich III (1308–1314)
  • Ulrich (1314–1334)
  • Petrus I of Thayingen (1334–1348)
  • Heinrich IV of Eschenz (1348–1391)
  • Konrad (1391)
  • Johannes I Kreutz (1391–1413)
  • Johannes II Duttlinger (1413–1429)
  • Nikolaus Stocker (1429–1460)
  • Petrus II Bösch (1460–1461)
  • Christopher of Greuth (1461–1482)
  • Eberhard von Reischach (1482–1491)
  • Blasius I Wambach (1491–1493)
  • Georg (Buob?) of Horb (1493–1519) Buob
  • Johannes III Spielmann (1519–1532)
  • Gallus Haas (1532–1540)
  • Johannes IV Wagner (1540–1541)
  • Caspar I Müller von Schöneck (1541–1571)
  • Caspar II Thomae (1571–1596)
  • Martin I Meister (1596–1625)
  • Blasius II Münster (1625–1638)
  • Franz I Chullots (1638–1664)
  • Otto III Kübler (1664–1672)
  • Romanus Vogler (1672–1695)
  • Augustin Simon Eusebius Finck (1695–1720)
  • Blasius III Bender (1720–1727)
  • Franz II Schächtelin (1727–1747)
  • Coelestin Vogler (1747–1749)
  • Meinrad Troger (1749–1764)
  • Martin II Gerbert (1764–1793)
  • Moritz Ribbele (1793–1801)
  • Berthold III Rottler (1801–1806)

Burials

Footnotes

  1. ^ Dom St. Blaise. Zur Geschichte des Doms.
  2. ^ Dom St. Blaise. Zur Geschichte des Doms.
  3. ^ Johann Baptist Weiß Festrede, gehalten am 8. Tage der Feierlichkeiten bei Einweihung der neuen Kirche zu St. Blasien. St. Gallen, 1784 (Official speech given on the 8th day of the celebrations for the consecration of the new church at St. Blasien)

Sources

  • Braun, J. W. (ed.), 2003. Urkundenbuch des Klosters Sankt Blasien im Schwarzwald. Von den Anfängen bis zum Jahr 1299; Teil I: Edition; Teil II: Einführung, Verzeichnisse, Register (= Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg: Reihe A, Quellen; Band 23), Stuttgart. ISBN 3-17-017985-3
  • Buhlmann, M., 2004. : Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon. Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e.V., St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004, Teil 2: N-Z (= Vertex Alemanniae, H.10/2), pp. 76ff. St. Georgen.
  • Ott, H., 1963. Studien zur Geschichte des Klosters St. Blasien im hohen und späten Mittelalter (= Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg; Reihe B, Band 27). Stuttgart.
  • Ott, H., 1965. Die Vogtei über das Kloster St. Blasien seit dem Aussterben der Zähringer bis zum Übergang an das Haus Habsburg, in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins, Band 113 (NF 74), pp. 30–44.
  • Ott, H., 1969. Die Klostergrundherrschaft St. Blasien im Mittelalter. Beiträge zur Besitzgeschichte (= Arbeiten zum Historischen Atlas von Südwestdeutschland, Bd.4). Stuttgart.
  • Quarthal, F. (ed.), 1987. Germania Benedictina, Bd.5: Die Benediktinerklöster in Baden-Württemberg, 2nd ed., pp. 146–160. St. Ottilien. ISBN 3-88096-605-2

External links

  • (in German) St Blaise's Cathedral and the Jesuit community
  • Aerial View of the Monastery Complex

Coordinates: 47°45′36″N 8°07′48″E / 47.76000°N 8.13000°E / 47.76000; 8.13000

January 20, 2023
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Saint Blaise Abbey German Kloster Sankt Blasien was a Benedictine monastery in the village of St Blasien in the Black Forest in Baden Wurttemberg Germany St Blaise s Cathedral the former abbey church Contents 1 History 1 1 9th 12th centuries 1 2 13th 17th centuries 1 3 17th century present 2 St Blaise s Cathedral 3 Gallery 4 Abbots of St Blaise in the Black Forest 5 Burials 6 Footnotes 7 Sources 8 External linksHistory Edit9th 12th centuries Edit The early history of the abbey is obscure Its predecessor in the 9th century is supposed to have been a cell of Rheinau Abbey known as cella alba the white cell but the line of development between that and the confirmed existence of St Blaise s Abbey in the 11th century is unclear At some point the new foundation would have had to become independent of Rheinau in which process the shadowy Reginbert of Seldenburen died about 962 traditionally named as the founder may have played some role The first definite abbot of St Blaise however was Werner I 1045 1069 On 8 June 1065 the abbey received a grant of immunity from Emperor Henry IV although it had connections to the family of the anti king Rudolf of Rheinfelden Between 1070 and 1073 there seem to have been contacts between St Blaise and the active Cluniac abbey of Fruttuaria in Italy which led to St Blaise following the Fruttuarian reforms introducing lay brothers or conversi and probably even the reformation of the abbey as a double monastery for both monks and nuns the nuns are said to have re settled to Berau Abbey by 1117 Bernold of Constance ca 1050 1100 in his histories counts St Blaise alongside Hirsau Abbey as leading Swabian reform monasteries Other religious houses reformed by or founded as priories of St Blaise were Muri Abbey 1082 Ochsenhausen Abbey 1093 Gottweig Abbey 1094 Stein am Rhein Abbey before 1123 and Prum Abbey 1132 It also had significant influence on the abbeys of Alpirsbach 1099 Ettenheimmunster 1124 and Sulzburg ca 1125 and the priories of Weitenau ca 1100 Burgeln before 1130 and Sitzenkirch ca 1130 A list of prayer partnerships drawn up about 1150 shows how extensive the connections were between St Blaise and other religious communities During the course of the 12th century however the zeal of the monks cooled as their attention became increasingly focussed on the acquisition management and exploitation of their substantial estates which by the 15th century extended across the whole of the Black Forest and included not only the abbey s priories named above but also the nunnery at Gutnau and the livings of Niederrotweil Schluchsee Wettelbrunn Achdorf Hochemmingen Todtnau Efringen Schonau Wangen Plochingen Nassenbeuren and many others 1 13th 17th centuries Edit Boundary stone Bonndorf 1767 The original Vogtei protective lordship of the Bishops of Basle was shaken off quite early a charter of the Emperor Henry V dated 8 January 1125 confirms that the abbey possessed imperial protection and free election of their Vogt Nevertheless the office afterwards became a possession of the Zahringer and after their extinction in 1218 was held at Imperial will and gift under the Emperor Frederick II While this may well have preserved a certain bond with the Emperor there seems to have been no question of St Blaise s having the status of a Reichskloster From the mid 13th century the Vogte protective lordship were Habsburg which this drew St Blaise increasingly into the Austrian sphere of influence The ties to the Empire remained however the abbey was named between 1422 and 1521 in the lists of imperial territories and the Swabian Circle tried in vain in 1549 to claim St Blaise as an imperial abbey The four imperial lordships which St Blaise s had acquired by the end of the 13th century Blumegg Bettmaringen Gutenburg and Berauer Berg in fact formed the nucleus of the reichsunmittelbar lordship of Bonndorf constituted in 1609 from which the Prince Abbots derived their status in the Holy Roman Empire 2 17th century present Edit The abbey was dissolved in the course of secularisation in 1806 and the monastic premises were thereupon used as one of the earliest mechanised factories in Germany The monks however under the last Prince Abbot Dr Berthold Rottler found their way to St Paul s Abbey in the Lavanttal in Austria where they settled in 1809 From 1934 the remaining buildings have been occupied by the well known Jesuit college the Kolleg St Blasien St Blaise s Cathedral EditThe abbey church burnt down in 1768 and was rebuilt as a Neoclassical round church by the architect Pierre Michel d Ixnard with an enormous dome 46 metres across and 63 metres high the third largest in Europe north of the Alps during the years up to 1781 under the Prince Abbot Martin Gerbert It was consecrated in 1784 3 It remains as the Dom St Blasius or St Blaise s Cathedral so called because of its size and magnificence not because it is a cathedral in any ecclesiastical or administrative sense Dom properly denotes or means an important church as the main church of a town or a city not a cathedal seat of a bishop Kathedrale in German The effects of another catastrophic fire in 1874 were only finally remedied in the 1980s Gallery EditSankt Blasien Painting of the Abbey 1783 St Blaise Abbey Front of the Abbey The Abbey DomeAbbots of St Blaise in the Black Forest EditBeringer von Hohenschwanden 945 974 Ifo 974 983 Siegfried 983 1021 Bernard 1021 1045 Werner I 1045 1069 Giselbert 1068 1086 Otto I 1086 1108 Rustenus 1108 1125 Berthold I 1125 1141 Gunther of Andlau 1141 1170 Werner II of Kussaberg 1170 1178 Theodebert of Bussnang 1178 1186 Manegold of Hallwil 1186 1204 Hermann I of Messkirch 1204 1222 Otto II 1222 1223 Hermann II 1223 1237 Heinrich I 1237 1240 Arnold I 1240 1247 Arnold II 1247 1276 Heinrich II of Stadion 1276 1294 Berthold II 1294 1308 Heinrich III 1308 1314 Ulrich 1314 1334 Petrus I of Thayingen 1334 1348 Heinrich IV of Eschenz 1348 1391 Konrad 1391 Johannes I Kreutz 1391 1413 Johannes II Duttlinger 1413 1429 Nikolaus Stocker 1429 1460 Petrus II Bosch 1460 1461 Christopher of Greuth 1461 1482 Eberhard von Reischach 1482 1491 Blasius I Wambach 1491 1493 Georg Buob of Horb 1493 1519 Buob Johannes III Spielmann 1519 1532 Gallus Haas 1532 1540 Johannes IV Wagner 1540 1541 Caspar I Muller von Schoneck 1541 1571 Caspar II Thomae 1571 1596 Martin I Meister 1596 1625 Blasius II Munster 1625 1638 Franz I Chullots 1638 1664 Otto III Kubler 1664 1672 Romanus Vogler 1672 1695 Augustin Simon Eusebius Finck 1695 1720 Blasius III Bender 1720 1727 Franz II Schachtelin 1727 1747 Coelestin Vogler 1747 1749 Meinrad Troger 1749 1764 Martin II Gerbert 1764 1793 Moritz Ribbele 1793 1801 Berthold III Rottler 1801 1806 Burials EditAdelaide of Savoy Duchess of Swabia Berthold I Duke of SwabiaFootnotes Edit Dom St Blaise Zur Geschichte des Doms Dom St Blaise Zur Geschichte des Doms Johann Baptist Weiss Festrede gehalten am 8 Tage der Feierlichkeiten bei Einweihung der neuen Kirche zu St Blasien St Gallen 1784 Official speech given on the 8th day of the celebrations for the consecration of the new church at St Blasien Sources EditBraun J W ed 2003 Urkundenbuch des Klosters Sankt Blasien im Schwarzwald Von den Anfangen bis zum Jahr 1299 Teil I Edition Teil II Einfuhrung Verzeichnisse Register Veroffentlichungen der Kommission fur Geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden Wurttemberg Reihe A Quellen Band 23 Stuttgart ISBN 3 17 017985 3 Buhlmann M 2004 Benediktinisches Monchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald Ein Lexikon Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St Georgen e V St Georgen im Schwarzwald 10 November 2004 Teil 2 N Z Vertex Alemanniae H 10 2 pp 76ff St Georgen Ott H 1963 Studien zur Geschichte des Klosters St Blasien im hohen und spaten Mittelalter Veroffentlichungen der Kommission fur geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden Wurttemberg Reihe B Band 27 Stuttgart Ott H 1965 Die Vogtei uber das Kloster St Blasien seit dem Aussterben der Zahringer bis zum Ubergang an das Haus Habsburg in Zeitschrift fur die Geschichte des Oberrheins Band 113 NF 74 pp 30 44 Ott H 1969 Die Klostergrundherrschaft St Blasien im Mittelalter Beitrage zur Besitzgeschichte Arbeiten zum Historischen Atlas von Sudwestdeutschland Bd 4 Stuttgart Quarthal F ed 1987 Germania Benedictina Bd 5 Die Benediktinerkloster in Baden Wurttemberg 2nd ed pp 146 160 St Ottilien ISBN 3 88096 605 2External links Edit in German St Blaise s Cathedral and the Jesuit community Aerial View of the Monastery Complex Sculpture in St Blaise s Abbey ChurchCoordinates 47 45 36 N 8 07 48 E 47 76000 N 8 13000 E 47 76000 8 13000 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saint Blaise Abbey Black Forest amp oldid 1122217721, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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