Athletes may be professionals or amateurs.[1] Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Athletes taking part in a race on a snowy park in the U.S.
The word "athlete" is a romanization of the Greek: άθλητὴς, athlētēs, one who participates in a contest; from ἄθλος, áthlos or ἄθλον, áthlon, a contest or feat. The primary definition of "sportsman" according to Webster's Third Unabridged Dictionary (1960) is, "a person who is active in sports: as (a): one who engages in the sports of the field and especially in hunting or fishing."
Physiology
Athletes involved in isotonic exercises have an increased mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume and are less likely to be depressed.[2][3] Due to their strenuous physical activities, athletes are far more likely than the general population to visit massage salons and pay for services from massotherapists and masseurs.[4] Athletes whose sport requires endurance more than strength usually have a lower calorie intake than other athletes.[5]
"Athlete Genes"
While athleticism is largely influenced by environmental factors, it has been theorized that genetic expression may play a moderate role in an athlete's abilities as well.[6] Exploring this claim, meta-analyses of studies regarding two specific genes, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and ACTN3, concluded that certain variations in expression may have a moderate effect on athletic performance; the former being more prevalent in endurance-based events and the latter in power-based events.[7][8] Further studies on these and other genetic polymorphisms linked to athletic performance were recommended.
Although the title "World's Greatest Athlete" seems a natural fit for these two events, its traditional association with the decathlon/heptathlon officially began with Jim Thorpe. During the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden, Thorpe won the gold medal in the Decathlon (among others). Thorpe competed professionally in baseball, American football, and basketball; and competed collegiately in track and field, baseball, lacrosse, and did ballroom dancing. King Gustav V of Sweden, while awarding Thorpe the decathlon gold, said: "Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world."[9] That title has been associated with the decathlon event ever since.
Olympic Games athletes are also known as 'Olympians'
References
^Collins English Dictionary, Millennium Ed. - 'athlete'
^MORGANROTH, JOEL, et al. "Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes." Annals of Internal Medicine 82.4 (1975): 521–524.
^Oler, Michael J., et al. "Depression, suicidal ideation, and substance use among adolescents. Are athletes at less risk?." Archives of Family Medicine 3.9 (1994): 781–785.
^Jönhagen, Sven, et al. "Sports massage after eccentric exercise 2020-09-28 at the Wayback Machine." The American Journal of Sports Medicine 32.6 (2004): 1499–1503.
^Thompson, Paul D.; Cullinane, Eileen M.; Eshleman, Ruth; Sady, Stanley P.; Herbert, Peter N. (1984). "The effects of caloric restriction or exercise cessation on the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes". Metabolism. 33 (10): 943–950. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(84)90249-X. PMID 6482736.
^Puthucheary, Zudin; Skipworth, James R. A.; Rawal, Jai; Loosemore, Mike; Van Someren, Ken; Montgomery, Hugh E. (2011-06-01). "The ACE Gene and Human Performance". Sports Medicine. 41 (6): 433–448. doi:10.2165/11588720-000000000-00000. ISSN 1179-2035. PMID 21615186. S2CID 42531424.
^Ma, Fang; Yang, Yu; Li, Xiangwei; Zhou, Feng; Gao, Cong; Li, Mufei; Gao, Lei (2013-01-24). "The Association of Sport Performance with ACE and ACTN3 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e54685. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854685M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054685. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC3554644. PMID 23358679.
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For other uses see Athlete disambiguation Sportsmen redirects here For other uses of the term see Hunters and Fishermen This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Athlete news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate December 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message An athlete also sportsman or sportswoman is a person who competes in one or more sports that involve physical strength speed or endurance Jim Thorpe at the 1912 Summer Olympics Athletes may be professionals or amateurs 1 Most professional athletes have particularly well developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen Contents 1 Definitions 2 Physiology 2 1 Athlete Genes 3 Titles 3 1 All round athlete 3 2 World s Greatest Athlete 4 See also 5 ReferencesDefinitions Edit Runners ceramics S IV a C Athletes taking part in a race on a snowy park in the U S The word athlete is a romanization of the Greek a8lhtὴs athletes one who participates in a contest from ἄ8los athlos or ἄ8lon athlon a contest or feat The primary definition of sportsman according to Webster s Third Unabridged Dictionary 1960 is a person who is active in sports as a one who engages in the sports of the field and especially in hunting or fishing Physiology EditAthletes involved in isotonic exercises have an increased mean left ventricular end diastolic volume and are less likely to be depressed 2 3 Due to their strenuous physical activities athletes are far more likely than the general population to visit massage salons and pay for services from massotherapists and masseurs 4 Athletes whose sport requires endurance more than strength usually have a lower calorie intake than other athletes 5 Athlete Genes Edit While athleticism is largely influenced by environmental factors it has been theorized that genetic expression may play a moderate role in an athlete s abilities as well 6 Exploring this claim meta analyses of studies regarding two specific genes angiotensin converting enzyme ACE gene and ACTN3 concluded that certain variations in expression may have a moderate effect on athletic performance the former being more prevalent in endurance based events and the latter in power based events 7 8 Further studies on these and other genetic polymorphisms linked to athletic performance were recommended Titles EditSee also Athlete of the Year All round athlete Edit An all round athlete is a person who competes in multiple sports at a high level Examples of people who played more than one sport professionally include Jim Thorpe Lionel Conacher Deion Sanders Danny Ainge Babe Zaharias and Erin Phillips Others include Ricky Williams Bo Jackson and Damon Allen each of whom was drafted both by Major League Baseball and by professional gridiron football leagues such as the NFL and the CFL Another female example is Heather Moyse a multiple Winter Olympic gold medalist in bobsled and member of the World Rugby Hall of Fame who also represented Canada internationally in track cycling and competed at university level in basketball and track and field Japanese athletes such as Kazushi Sakuraba Kazuyuki Fujita Masakatsu Funaki and Naoya Ogawa have successfully performed in professional wrestling and competed in mixed martial arts World s Greatest Athlete Edit The title of World s Greatest Athlete traditionally belongs to the world s top competitor in the decathlon males and heptathlon females in track and field The decathlon consists of 10 events 100 meters long jump shot put high jump 400 meters 110 m hurdles discus pole vault javelin and 1500 m The heptathlon consists of seven events the 100 m hurdles high jump shot put 200 meters long jump javelin and 800 meters These competitions require an athlete to possess the whole spectrum of athletic ability in order to be successful including speed strength coordination jumping ability and endurance Although the title World s Greatest Athlete seems a natural fit for these two events its traditional association with the decathlon heptathlon officially began with Jim Thorpe During the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm Sweden Thorpe won the gold medal in the Decathlon among others Thorpe competed professionally in baseball American football and basketball and competed collegiately in track and field baseball lacrosse and did ballroom dancing King Gustav V of Sweden while awarding Thorpe the decathlon gold said Sir you are the greatest athlete in the world 9 That title has been associated with the decathlon event ever since See also EditAthletics Sportswear activewear Outdoor enthusiast Jock athlete Athlete of the Year Women s sports Olympic Games athletes are also known as Olympians References Edit Collins English Dictionary Millennium Ed athlete MORGANROTH JOEL et al Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes Annals of Internal Medicine 82 4 1975 521 524 Oler Michael J et al Depression suicidal ideation and substance use among adolescents Are athletes at less risk Archives of Family Medicine 3 9 1994 781 785 Jonhagen Sven et al Sports massage after eccentric exercise Archived 2020 09 28 at the Wayback Machine The American Journal of Sports Medicine 32 6 2004 1499 1503 Thompson Paul D Cullinane Eileen M Eshleman Ruth Sady Stanley P Herbert Peter N 1984 The effects of caloric restriction or exercise cessation on the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes Metabolism 33 10 943 950 doi 10 1016 0026 0495 84 90249 X PMID 6482736 Sportsbay alternatives Puthucheary Zudin Skipworth James R A Rawal Jai Loosemore Mike Van Someren Ken Montgomery Hugh E 2011 06 01 The ACE Gene and Human Performance Sports Medicine 41 6 433 448 doi 10 2165 11588720 000000000 00000 ISSN 1179 2035 PMID 21615186 S2CID 42531424 Ma Fang Yang Yu Li Xiangwei Zhou Feng Gao Cong Li Mufei Gao Lei 2013 01 24 The Association of Sport Performance with ACE and ACTN3 Genetic Polymorphisms A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis PLOS ONE 8 1 e54685 Bibcode 2013PLoSO 854685M doi 10 1371 journal pone 0054685 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 3554644 PMID 23358679 Flatter Ron Thorpe preceded Deion Bo espn com Retrieved 11 December 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Athlete amp oldid 1154133043, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
