Corn spurry is a summer or winter annual broadleaf plant, and its seeds buried in the soil can survive for several years. The leaves contain a compound called oxalate that can be toxic if eaten in large quantities by livestock.[4]
Floweredit
Perfect flower with 5 white tiny petals and 5 green sepals slightly offset from petals. There are also 10 yellow stamens about 1 cm in diameter.[5]
Taxonomy and nomenclatureedit
Spergula arvensis var. arvensis and S. arvensis var. sativum are the distinct variants, that have been found in the UK and the chromosome number: 2n = 18. [3][6]
It is considered a cosmopolitan agricultural weed.[3][6]
Habitatsedit
Roadsides, farmland, sand dunes, and coniferous woodland. [4] A kind of plant, which can be found in almost all over the world, including Britain. [7]
Reproductionedit
Corn spurry can be reproduced by the following ways:
Free spread of the weed – Because of the high seed yield rate of corn spurry, it can produce 10-40 fruits (capsules) per plant, and each capsule produces about 20 seeds in summer and autumn. It also produces seeds while flowering, that is, the upper part of the same plant is still blooming, and the lower part of the mature seeds have dropped. Corn spurry has small, lightweight seeds that can be spread by the wind and cover adjacent land the next year.
Ruminants spread – The excrement of ruminants can also be transmitted. After eating ruminants, their mature seeds cannot be digested in the stomach of the animal, and they can continue to germinate and grow after they are expelled from the excrement. Therefore, although some suitable habitats are far away, they can be transmitted and reproduced through the livestock trade.[8]
Preventionedit
It takes less time and money to prevent crops from corn spurry than it does to control corn interference. When planting in a new area, you should plant registered seeds. Ensure that infected areas are well cleaned to ensure that seeds are not transferred. [9]
Corn spurry controledit
Cultural controledit
Corn spurries do not germinate in very deep soil, thus, conventional planting methods can bury some of them. Experimental studies have shown that the germination rate decreases as the depth of seeds buried in the soil increases. [10] However, being buried increases the life span of the seeds, which means that they end up on the surface of the soil as a result of cultivation. Therefore, once the ideal soil and weather conditions are achieved, plant high-yield crops in the field as soon as possible, with narrower rows and higher number of plants between the crops. [9]
Physical controledit
Before sowing the seeds of the crops, some mechanical methods can be carried out, such as hand hoeing, ploughing, grazing and so on.[11]
Chemical controledit
Chemicals can be applied to control corn spurry, but this variety is resistant to many kinds of herbicides.[11]
Biological controledit
It is known that few insects and pathogens can attack corn spurry, while an arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal inoculum has been shown to be effective in reducing the biomass of weeds.[12]
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Spergula arvensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
^ abcNew, June K. (1961). "Spergula Arvensis L.". Journal of Ecology. 49 (1): 205–215. doi:10.2307/2257434. JSTOR 2257434.
^Benvenuti, S.; Macchia, M.; Miele, S. (2001). "Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth". Weed Science. 49 (4): 528–535. doi:10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0528:qaoeos]2.0.co;2.
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February 15, 2024
spergula, arvensis, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, novembe. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Spergula arvensis news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Spergula arvensis the corn spurry stickwort starwort or spurrey 1 2 is a species of plant in the genus Spergula 3 Spergula arvensisScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily CaryophyllaceaeGenus SpergulaSpecies S arvensisBinomial nameSpergula arvensisL Contents 1 Description 1 1 Flower 2 Taxonomy and nomenclature 3 Habitats 4 Reproduction 5 Prevention 6 Corn spurry control 6 1 Cultural control 6 2 Physical control 6 3 Chemical control 6 4 Biological control 7 ReferencesDescription editCorn spurry is a summer or winter annual broadleaf plant and its seeds buried in the soil can survive for several years The leaves contain a compound called oxalate that can be toxic if eaten in large quantities by livestock 4 Flower edit Perfect flower with 5 white tiny petals and 5 green sepals slightly offset from petals There are also 10 yellow stamens about 1 cm in diameter 5 Taxonomy and nomenclature editSpergula arvensis var arvensis and S arvensis var sativum are the distinct variants that have been found in the UK and the chromosome number 2n 18 3 6 It is the county flower of Montgomeryshire in the United Kingdom It is considered a cosmopolitan agricultural weed 3 6 Habitats editRoadsides farmland sand dunes and coniferous woodland 4 A kind of plant which can be found in almost all over the world including Britain 7 Reproduction editCorn spurry can be reproduced by the following ways Free spread of the weed Because of the high seed yield rate of corn spurry it can produce 10 40 fruits capsules per plant and each capsule produces about 20 seeds in summer and autumn It also produces seeds while flowering that is the upper part of the same plant is still blooming and the lower part of the mature seeds have dropped Corn spurry has small lightweight seeds that can be spread by the wind and cover adjacent land the next year Ruminants spread The excrement of ruminants can also be transmitted After eating ruminants their mature seeds cannot be digested in the stomach of the animal and they can continue to germinate and grow after they are expelled from the excrement Therefore although some suitable habitats are far away they can be transmitted and reproduced through the livestock trade 8 Prevention editIt takes less time and money to prevent crops from corn spurry than it does to control corn interference When planting in a new area you should plant registered seeds Ensure that infected areas are well cleaned to ensure that seeds are not transferred 9 Corn spurry control editCultural control edit Corn spurries do not germinate in very deep soil thus conventional planting methods can bury some of them Experimental studies have shown that the germination rate decreases as the depth of seeds buried in the soil increases 10 However being buried increases the life span of the seeds which means that they end up on the surface of the soil as a result of cultivation Therefore once the ideal soil and weather conditions are achieved plant high yield crops in the field as soon as possible with narrower rows and higher number of plants between the crops 9 Physical control edit Before sowing the seeds of the crops some mechanical methods can be carried out such as hand hoeing ploughing grazing and so on 11 Chemical control edit Chemicals can be applied to control corn spurry but this variety is resistant to many kinds of herbicides 11 Biological control edit It is known that few insects and pathogens can attack corn spurry while an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum has been shown to be effective in reducing the biomass of weeds 12 References edit Pest Information pestweb com USDA NRCS n d Spergula arvensis The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 25 November 2015 a b c New June K 1961 Spergula Arvensis L Journal of Ecology 49 1 205 215 doi 10 2307 2257434 JSTOR 2257434 a b Corn spurry Spergula arvensis ipm ucanr edu Corn spurry Spergula arvensis oregonstate edu a b Spergula arvensis corn spurry www cabi org Spergula arvensis L pfaf org Spergula arvensis L indiabiodiversity org a b Corn Spurry Spergula arvensis L pfaf org Benvenuti S Macchia M Miele S 2001 Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth Weed Science 49 4 528 535 doi 10 1614 0043 1745 2001 049 0528 qaoeos 2 0 co 2 a b Corn Spurry Spergula arvensis L PDF pfaf org Corn Spurry gardenorganic org uk nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spergula arvensis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spergula arvensis amp oldid 1037148468, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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