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Southern Bantoid languages

May 01, 2023

Southern Bantoid (or South Bantoid) is a branch of the Bantoid language family. It consists of the Bantu languages along with several small branches and isolates of eastern Nigeria and west-central Cameroon (though the affiliation of some branches is uncertain). Since the Bantu languages are spoken across most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Bantoid comprises 643 languages as counted by Ethnologue, though many of these are mutually intelligible.[1]

Southern Bantoid
Geographic
distribution		Sub-Saharan Africa, but not further west than Nigeria
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
Proto-languageProto-Southern Bantoid
Subdivisions
Glottologsout3152
The Southern Bantoid languages shown within the Niger–Congo language family. Non-Southern Bantoid languages are greyscale.

History

 
The Southern Bantoid branches of Nigeria and Cameroon

Southern Bantoid was first introduced by Williamson in a proposal that divided Bantoid into North and South branches.[2]

The unity of the North Bantoid group was subsequently called into question, and Bantoid itself may be polyphyletic, but the work did establish Southern Bantoid as a valid genetic unit, something that has not happened for (Narrow) Bantu itself.[3]

Internal classification

According to Williamson and Blench, Southern Bantoid is divided into the various Narrow Bantu languages, Jarawan, Tivoid, Beboid, Mamfe (Nyang), Grassfields and Ekoid families.[4] The Bendi languages are of uncertain classification; they have traditionally been classified with Cross River, but they may actually be Southern Bantoid.[5] Blench suggests that Tivoid, Momo (ex-Grassfields) and East Beboid may form a group, perhaps with the uncertain languages Esimbi and Buru–Angwe:[6]

Grollemund (2012)

Classification of Southern Bantoid by Grollemund (2012):[7]

Southern Bantoid

Numerals

Comparison of numerals in individual languages:

Classification Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bantu Luganda emu bbiri ssatu nnya ttaano muukaga musanvu muunana mwenda kkumi
Ndemli Ndemli mɔ̀hɔ́ ífɛ́ ítáá ítʃìjè ítâŋ tóhó sàᵐbá fɔ̀ːmɔ́ bùʔɛ̀ dʒòm
Tikar Tikar mbɔʔ ɓî lê ɲî ʃæ̃̂ ɸyulu ʃâmɓì nìnì tæ̂nì wûm
Tivoid Esimbi (1) kēnə̄ mə̄rākpə̄ mākə̄lə̄ mōɲī mātə̄nə̀ mālālə̄ mātə̄nə̀ mə̄rākpə̄ (5+ 2) mōɲìōɲī (4+ 4) mātə̄nə̀ mōɲī (5 + 4) būɣù
Tivoid Esimbi (2) ɔ-nə râkpə á-kələ oɲí a-tənə a-lələ à-tən râkpə (5+ 2) ò-ɲi o-ɲí (4+ 4) à-tən o-ɲí (5 + 4) bùɣù
Tivoid Ipulo émɔ̀ víàl vétàt véɲì vétàn véɾátúm véɾátúm nɔ̀mɔ̀ (6 + 1) víɲèɲí víɲèɲí nɔ̀mɔ̀ (8 + 1) épɔ́ːt
Tivoid Iyive mɔ̌m hjâl tàt ɲîn táŋə̀n kə̀lə̀kə̀tàt kə̀lə̀kə̀tàt kàt mɔ̀mú (6 + 1) kíníkìnì táŋìɲìn (5 + 4 ??) pùɛ̀
Tivoid Tiv mɔ̀ḿ / mɔ́m úhár útáŕ únjì: útã́ː átérátáŕ útã́ː kàː úhár (5 + 2) ániènì útã́ː kàː únjì: (5 + 4) púè / púwè
Grassfields, Menchum Befang móʔ (~mʊ́ʔ) fe táí ɪ̀kᶣà (ɪ̀kɥà) ɪ̀tʲə̂n ⁿdʊ̀fú èkᶣànátáí (4 and 3) i.e. (4+ 3) éfómó étʲə̂nékᶣà (5+ 4) éɣúm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Fe'fe' (1) ʃʉʔ pʉ́ɒ́ tāā kwɒ̀ tíì ntɔ́hɔ́ sə̀mbʉ́ɒ́ hə̌ vʉ̀ʔʉ̄ ɣǎm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Fe'fe' (2) ŋʃʉʔ pʉ́ə táá kwà tiì ntóɣó sə̀mbʉ́ə́ hə́ə́ vʉ́ʔʉ́ ɣám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Ghomala yə́mūʔ yə́pwə́ yə́tá yápfʉə̀ yə́tɔ̂ ntɔ̀kə́ sɔmbwə́ə hɔ̌m vʉ̀ʔʉ́ ɣǎm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Mengaka (Megaka) yimɔʔɔ / mɔʔ yipá /pa yitét / tét nəkʷɔ̀ yitɛ ntɔ̌ sambá nəhǎ nəvøʔ nəɣám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Nda'nda' ŋtʃɔ̀ʔ pə́ɣə́ té kwò tɔ̀ tó sòmbə̀ɣə̀ χóp vɨ̀ʔ ɣáp
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Ngiemboon mmɔ́ʼɔ́ [m̩̀mɔ́ʔɔ́] mbʉ́a [m̩̀bɯ́á] ntá [ǹ̩tá] lekùa [lèkùȁ] ntʉ̂a [ɳ̩̀ʈɯ́à] ntɔɡɔ́ [ǹ̩tɔ̀ʁɔ́] sɔɔn mbʉ́a [sɔ̃̀ːm̩̀bɯ́á] lefɔ̌ɔn [lèfɔ̃̌ː] lepfwɔʼɔ́ [lèpfwɔ̀ʔɔ́] leɡém [lèɣə́m]
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Ngomba yemoʔ yépá yétát yénékwa yeta yenentúku sambá yénéfom yenepfúʔú neɡʉ́m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Ngombale tá pwó tárə kwo taa toɣə saabwó ləfaa ləpfuʔú ləɡham
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Ngwe mɔʔfi -biə -tat lɛkwə -tɛ -ntuli saambiə lɛfɔ lɛʙə̌ʔá lɛ̄ɣɛ̀m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke Yemba (Dschang) wɔ́ mɔʔɔ́ mé piá mé tét lekwa metā ntukɔ́ ésabiā lefá levuʔɔ́ leɣɛ̄m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Awing (1) mɔ̌ pɛ́ térə́ nə̀kwà ténə̀ tóɣə́ sàmbɛ́ nə̀fémə́ nə̀púʔə́ nə̀ɣə́mə́
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Awing (2) mɔh pəːə teːre kwa taa ntuɡu saːmbe nɨfeːme nɨpueh nɨɡeːme
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Bafut (1) mɔ́ʔɔ̂ báà tárə̀ kwàà ntáà ntóʔò sàmbà fwámə́ kwálìʔí / nɨ̀bùʔû tàwûm / nɨ̀wûm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Bafut (2) mɔʔɔ̂ baa tarə kwà ǹtaà ntoʔo sàmbà fwamə kwalɛ̀ʔɛ tàɡhûm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Bambili-Bambui (1) mɔ̀ʔɔ̀ bə̀ɡə̀ tyè kyà tɔ̀ɔ̀ ntúú ʃàmbà nɨ̀fɔ̀ɔ̀ nɨ̀bɛ̀ʔɛ̀ nɨ̀ɣám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Bambili-Bambui (2) mɔʔɔ bɨɡə tyé kɥa tɔː n-túː ʃambá nɨ-fɔː nɨ-bɛʔɛ nɨ-ɣám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Bamukumbit m²mɔʔɔ⁷⁷ or tɑʔ bɛ, bɨbɛ, mɨmbɛ tɑrɨ, bɨ²tɑː⁷⁵ɾə², mɨntɑrɨ nɨkwɑ, bɨnɨkwɑ, mɨnkwɑ jitɑ̃, bɨtɑ̃, mɨntɑ̃ jintoʔ, bɨntoʔ, mɨntoʔ ʃɑmbɛ, bɨʃɑmbɛ, mɨʃɑmbɛ nɨfɔ̃, bɨnɨfɔ̃, mɨnɨfɔ̃ nɨ²buʔ²¹, bɨnɨbuʔ, mɨnɨbuʔ nɨwũ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Mendankwe-Nkwen mɔ̄h bəɡə tarɔ kua tan ntɔ̄ sāmbā nəfah nəbuɔ̄h nəɣəm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Mbəkum (Mankon) (1) mɔ́ʔɔ̂ bâ tárə̂ kwà tánə̀ ntúɣú sàmbà nɨ̀fámə́ nɨ̀bùʔû nɨ̀ɣɨ̂m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Ngemba (Mankon) (2) mɔ́ʔɔ́ bǎ táré kwà tâŋ ntúɡhə̂ sámbǎ nɨ̀fə̂ŋ nɨ̀bvùʔə́ nɨ̀wúmə̀
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba Pinyin mɔ́ʔɔ̀ páá táɾə̀ kwà tânə̀ ǹtô sàmbâ nə̀fámə̂ nə̀pùʔə̂ nə̀wúmə̀
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe Kwaja mũũ ˧˩ baa ˦˧ ta ˦ kɥ ˧˩ tɔ̃ ˦˧ tɔ̃ ˨ fũ ˧ sə ˨ mba ˧˨ wɔ ˦ ŋkxɨt ˦ bə ˦ ʁət ˨ wəm˦
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe Limbum (1) mɔ̀ʔsíɾ báː táːɾ kjèː tâ ntūːnfú sàːmbâ wāːmí bɨ̀ʔɨ̂ / bɨ̀ɾɨ̂ ɾɨ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe Limbum (2) mòʔsír báā táar kyèe tâ ntūunfú sàambâ wāamé bʉ̀ʔʉ̂ rʉ̂ʉ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe Mfumte (Koffa) mìʔincí bʉ́à tó kweé tóŋ ntunfúu sɔ̀mbaa wáamí búum húʔum
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe Yamba mòʔfís bá tɛʔ kwè tàŋ ntuuŋfú sàmbâ fwamɛʔ və̀kɛʔ húm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Baba1 (Papia) (1) mɔ̀ʔ mbá ntí kúá tè ntíóʔó kpataɾ fómə́ ʃìpó kòɣəm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Baba (Papia) (2) jimàa / jímɔ̀ jípàa / ji mbá ji tára / ji ntíi ji kwà / kpa ji tè ntúwó / tuʔo kwàtar / kpataɾ fómə tʃìpóo / ʃipɔ kòɣəm / ɣəm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Bafanji jimuʔu / muʔu³⁵ / tiʔæ⁵³ jipɑɑ / piæ³⁵ jitii / tii³⁵ jikwə / kwə³ jintɑ̃ĩ⁵³ / tɑ̃ĩ⁵³ jintou / ntou⁵ jikwætæ / kwætæ³⁵ jifũɔ̃ / fũɔ̃⁵ jipuʔu / puʔu³⁵ jiɣwũ / ɣwũ⁵³
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Bamali (Papia) mʷəʔə pɛt tɛt kʷa ta ntɔ kʷatʃø nəfɔː nəpuʔu nəɣu
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Bambalang tɛʔi paa tɾe kʰwɛ tiɛ̃ ntiɡaw kwatʃəɨ fuõ ndipoʔu wuŋ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Bamun (Shupamen) (1) mòʔ mbàá tɛ́t pkà tɛ̀n ntú sàmbà fámə́ kóvýʔ ɣə́m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Bamun (Bamum) (2) ímoʔ ípáa ítɛt ípkwà ítɛ̀n ítúu ísamba ífámə ívʉ̀ʔʉ́ ɣóm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Bangolan mɔ̀ mbǎ tét kpà tíjē ǹtúhù kpáte̙t fó tʃɛ̀ŋɔ́ʔɔ̀ vwó
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Medumba ntʃɯ̀ʔ bɔ̂ t̪át kwà t̪ân ndɔ́ɣə́ sàmbɔ̂ fúmə́ bwə̀ʔə́ ɣám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun Mungaka (Bali) ɲín íbáā itɛ́t ikwà itàn intwúʔ kwàtát ifúm sʉibɔ́m ɣóm / wɔm
Grassfields, Momo Moghamo ímɔ̄ʔ íbē ítád íkwē ítã tìfóɣə́ sàmbé fàmí àbōɡ ìɣùm
Grassfields, Momo Mundani yea-mɔʔ bebe betat bekpì betã̀ã̂ bentùa besã̀ã̀mbe befã̀ã bebə̀ʔa èɣɛm
Grassfields, Momo Ngamambo (1) -mɔ̀ʔ be tád kwè tân rɨ̀fúɣɔ́ / rʌ̀fúɣɔ́ sàmbe fàam bɔ̀ɔk ɣum
Grassfields, Momo Ngamambo (2) -mɔ̀ʔ bé tɑ́t kwè tɑ̂n rɨ̀fúɣə́ sɑ̀mbé fɑ̌m ə̀bɔ̌k wúm
Grassfields, Momo Ngie (1) ìfìŋ ìbǐɡə ìtá ìkjùɡə ìtɨŋ ìfəw ìsàmbìɡə ìfɨŋì àbəw ìwùm
Grassfields, Momo Ngie (2) ìfìŋ ìbǐɡ ìtá ìkɥǐɡ ìtʉ̄ŋ ìfœ́ ìsàmbǐɡ ìfɔ̌ŋ àbœ̀ ìwùm
Grassfields, Momo Ngwo ŋwāʔ fjēː tɛ́d kwɛ̀ tân m̀fó sàːmbjɛ̄ fwɔ̌ː kɔ̄ː wūm
Grassfields, Ring Bamunka (1) mɔ̌ʔ buǔ tiâ kʷì taâ ntɨ̌ʔ tə́kʷiǐtiâ (4 + 3) ? fɔ̌ŋ bɔ̀mɔ̂ʔ (10 - 1) ? wûŋ
Grassfields, Ring Bamunka (2) mɔʔ L buː RF tià F kʷi L ta F ntʉ̀ʔ F təkʷitia HHF (4 + 3) ? fɔ̃ R bɔmɔʔ R (10 - 1) ? wũ L
Grassfields, Ring Wushi mùɔ́ʔ bā tɨ́ə̀ʔ tsə̀ tɛ́ɛ̀ ǹtùɔ́ʔ tsə̀tɨ́ə̀ʔ (4 + 3) fə́mə́ bùfə̀mùɔ́ʔ (10 - 1) ? vóó
Grassfields, Ring, Center Babanki (Kejom) mùʔ bò táʔ kàʔ tàn ǹtʉ̀fə́ sòmbô fwòmə́ àbʉ̀múʔ (10 - 1) wúm
Grassfields, Ring, Center Bum mɔ̀k bà tât kìk tân túfá sàmbâ fâmá búlá mɔ̀k (10 - 1) ìwûm
Grassfields, Ring, Center Kom nòʔ bò tal kàe / kæ̀ tâyn ntufa nsòmbo / nsombô nfama bulamòʔ ivɨm
Grassfields, Ring, Center Kuk mɔ̀ʔ bòː tóː kɪ̀ːkò tâː tóːfə́ sōːmboː fāːmə́ buː́mɔ̀ʔ (? -1)? íɣə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, Center Kung mɔ̀ʔ bə̀ː tə́ː kʲə̀kə̀ tàʲ tūːfə́ sɛ̀ːⁿbɛː fɛ̀ːmə́ bólímɔ̀ʔ (? -1)? ìɣə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, Center Mmen mɔ̀ʔ pɛ᷆ tá kjā tâɲ tūfɜ́ sɛ̄mbɛ᷇ fāmmɜ́ pʊ̄lɜ̄mɔ̀ʔ (10 - 1) ēɣə̆̀m
Grassfields, Ring, Center Oku mɔɔ baa taa kwɪʲ tan ntuufə saamba ɛfaamə buumək ɛvəm
Grassfields, Ring, East Lamnso' mɔ̀ʔɔ́n bàà táár kwɛ̀ɛ̀ tàn ntùùfú sààmbà wāāmɛ́ bvə̀ʔə̀ ɣwə̀m
Grassfields, Ring, West Aghem (1) mɔ̀ʔ bə̀ˠà tə́ˠá tʃʲàkò tɛ̀ʲ tǔ̞ː sə̀ˠàⁿbə̄ˠā ɪ́fǎː tɛ̄ⁿdzū̞ˠū̞ ɪ́ɣə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, West Aghem (2) mɒ̀ʔ bɨ̀ɣà tɨ́ɣá cìakɔ̀ tɛ̀ tǒo sɨ̀ɣàmbɨ̀ɣà ɛ́ʔfáa tèndzùɣò é-ʔɣɨ́m
Grassfields, Ring, West Isu mɔ̀ʔ bèː(bè) tsíː tʃàʔì tàː ntsìfɔ́ŋ sèmbè fáːmə́ bùkə́ ívə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, West Laimbue mòʔ bò tó kjə̀ʔ táì tɔ̀ɔ́ sùmbô ìfámá bə́lə́mɔ̀ʔ ɨɣɨ́m
Grassfields, Ring, West Weh mó bə̀ɣə́ tə̀ɣə́ kaikə́ tá tùbə́ səɣ-mbə̀ɣ ifám tàndzú iɣə́m
Yemne-Kimbi Ajumbu mʷə̀ fʲə̂ŋ tò ɲì kpɛ̂ kʲàtò nàtò nànà kpɛ̂ɲì kòɲ
Yemne-Kimbi Mundabli m¹.mö³² m¹.fɪe³² n¹.tɔ³² n¹.de² kpɔn² tʃi²ta² nɔ¹³tɔ² ne¹ne¹ kpa²ne¹ dzo²fɯ²
Yemne-Kimbi Mungbam (Abar) (1) -m̩̀ / -mù -fìn /-fá -tì / -tēè -ɲ̩̀ / -nì kpáān / kpōa lētɛ̀ / -lētè -ɲ̩̀tɛ̄ / -ɲītɛ -nə̀nè / -nə̄nè kpánə̀ɲ̩̀ / kpānāɲì dʒūhɛ́ / dʒóhó
Yemne-Kimbi Munbam (Munken) (2) -mwə́nə̀ / -mù / - mù -fè /-fō / -fé -tɛ̄ / -tēa / -tè -ɲə̄nə́ / -ɲì / -ɲì kpòōnə́ / kpɛ̄n / kpààɲì -lētɛ̀ / -létēa / -lētɛ̀ -ɲītɛ̀ / -ɲītə̀ / -ɲītɛ̀ -ɲīɲì ~ -ɲìɲì / --ɲìɲì / -ɲìɲì kpɔ̄ndʒùɲì / -ɲìnkpɛ̄n kwîn / kwîn / kwɔ̂n

References

  1. ^ McWhorter, J. 2001. The Power of Babel (p. 81-82). Freeman-Times-Henry Holt, New York.
  2. ^ Williamson, Kay (1989) 'Niger–Congo Overview'. In: The Niger–Congo languages, ed. by John Bendor-Samuel, 3-45. University Press of America.
  3. ^ Roger Blench. "Niger-Congo classification : Niger-Congo: an alternative view" (PDF). Rogerblench.info. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  4. ^ Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger–Congo', in Heine, Bernd and Nurse, Derek (eds) African Languages – An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, pp. 11–42.
  5. ^ Blench, Roger (2011). "'The membership and internal structure of Bantoid and the border with Bantu" (PDF). Berlin: Humboldt University. p. 17.
  6. ^ Blench, Roger (2010). "The Tivoid Languages" (PDF). pp. 12, 15.
  7. ^ Grollemund, Rebecca. 2012. Nouvelles approches en classification : Application aux langues bantu du Nord-Ouest. Ph.D Dissertation, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, 550 pp.

External links

  • ComparaLex, database with Southern Bantoid word lists

May 01, 2023
southern, bantoid, languages, southern, bantoid, south, bantoid, branch, bantoid, language, family, consists, bantu, languages, along, with, several, small, branches, isolates, eastern, nigeria, west, central, cameroon, though, affiliation, some, branches, unc. Southern Bantoid or South Bantoid is a branch of the Bantoid language family It consists of the Bantu languages along with several small branches and isolates of eastern Nigeria and west central Cameroon though the affiliation of some branches is uncertain Since the Bantu languages are spoken across most of Sub Saharan Africa Southern Bantoid comprises 643 languages as counted by Ethnologue though many of these are mutually intelligible 1 Southern BantoidGeographicdistributionSub Saharan Africa but not further west than NigeriaLinguistic classificationNiger Congo Atlantic CongoVolta CongoBenue CongoBantoidSouthern BantoidProto languageProto Southern BantoidSubdivisionsBendi Tivoid East Beboid Fang language Cameroon Buru Angwe Mamfe Nyang Furu Ekoid Mbe West Beboid Grassfields Bishuo Busuu BantuGlottologsout3152The Southern Bantoid languages shown within the Niger Congo language family Non Southern Bantoid languages are greyscale Contents 1 History 2 Internal classification 2 1 Grollemund 2012 3 Numerals 4 References 5 External linksHistory Edit The Southern Bantoid branches of Nigeria and Cameroon Southern Bantoid was first introduced by Williamson in a proposal that divided Bantoid into North and South branches 2 The unity of the North Bantoid group was subsequently called into question and Bantoid itself may be polyphyletic but the work did establish Southern Bantoid as a valid genetic unit something that has not happened for Narrow Bantu itself 3 Internal classification EditAccording to Williamson and Blench Southern Bantoid is divided into the various Narrow Bantu languages Jarawan Tivoid Beboid Mamfe Nyang Grassfields and Ekoid families 4 The Bendi languages are of uncertain classification they have traditionally been classified with Cross River but they may actually be Southern Bantoid 5 Blench suggests that Tivoid Momo ex Grassfields and East Beboid may form a group perhaps with the uncertain languages Esimbi and Buru Angwe 6 Bendi Tivoid Beboid Tivoid Esimbi East Beboid Buru Angwe Menchum West Beboid geographic Furu Mamfe Ekoid Mbe Ekoid Mbe Grassfields Ring Eastern Grassfields Mbam Nkam Momo Ndemli Southwest Grassfields Western Momo Ambele Narrow Bantu Jarawan MbamGrollemund 2012 Edit Classification of Southern Bantoid by Grollemund 2012 7 Southern Bantoid NyangEkoidBeboidTivoidWide GrassfieldsA40 60 Jarawan A31 Mbam Jarawan Bube BantuNumerals EditComparison of numerals in individual languages Classification Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Bantu Luganda emu bbiri ssatu nnya ttaano muukaga musanvu muunana mwenda kkumiNdemli Ndemli mɔ hɔ ifɛ itaa itʃije itaŋ toho saᵐba fɔ ːmɔ buʔɛ dʒomTikar Tikar mbɔʔ ɓi le ɲi ʃae ɸyulu ʃamɓi nini tae ni wumTivoid Esimbi 1 kene me rakpe make le mōɲi mate ne malale mate ne me rakpe 5 2 mōɲiōɲi 4 4 mate ne mōɲi 5 4 buɣuTivoid Esimbi 2 ɔ ne rakpe a kele oɲi a tene a lele a ten rakpe 5 2 o ɲi o ɲi 4 4 a ten o ɲi 5 4 buɣuTivoid Ipulo emɔ vial vetat veɲi vetan veɾatum veɾatum nɔ mɔ 6 1 viɲeɲi viɲeɲi nɔ mɔ 8 1 epɔ ːtTivoid Iyive mɔ m hjal tat ɲin taŋe n ke le ke tat ke le ke tat kat mɔ mu 6 1 kinikini taŋiɲin 5 4 puɛ Tivoid Tiv mɔ ḿ mɔ m uha r utaŕ unji uta ː aterataŕ uta ː kaː uha r 5 2 anieni uta ː kaː unji 5 4 pue puweGrassfields Menchum Befang moʔ mʊ ʔ fe tai ɪ kᶣa ɪ kɥa ɪ tʲe n ⁿdʊ fu ekᶣanatai 4 and 3 i e 4 3 efomo etʲe nekᶣa 5 4 eɣumGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Fe fe 1 ʃʉʔ pʉ ɒ taa kwɒ tii ntɔ hɔ se mbʉ ɒ he vʉ ʔʉ ɣǎmGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Fe fe 2 ŋʃʉʔ pʉ e taa kwa tii ntoɣo se mbʉ e he e vʉ ʔʉ ɣamGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Ghomala ye muʔ ye pwe ye ta yapfʉe ye tɔ ntɔ ke sɔmbwe e hɔ m vʉ ʔʉ ɣǎmGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Mengaka Megaka yimɔʔɔ mɔʔ yipa pa yitet tet nekʷɔ yitɛ ntɔ samba nehǎ nevoʔ neɣamGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Nda nda ŋtʃɔ ʔ pe ɣe te kwo tɔ to sombe ɣe xop vɨ ʔ ɣapGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Ngiemboon mmɔ ʼɔ m mɔ ʔɔ mbʉ a m bɯ a nta ǹ ta lekua lekuȁ ntʉ a ɳ ʈɯ a ntɔɡɔ ǹ tɔ ʁɔ sɔɔn mbʉ a sɔ ːm bɯ a lefɔ ɔn lefɔ ː lepfwɔʼɔ lepfwɔ ʔɔ leɡem leɣe m Grassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Ngomba yemoʔ yepa yetat yenekwa yeta yenentuku samba yenefom yenepfuʔu neɡʉ mGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Ngombale ta pwo tare kwo taa toɣe saabwo lefaa lepfuʔu leɡhamGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Ngwe mɔʔfi bie tat lɛkwe tɛ ntuli saambie lɛfɔ lɛʙe ʔa lɛ ɣɛ mGrassfields Mbam Nkam Bamileke Yemba Dschang wɔ mɔʔɔ me pia me tet lekwa meta ntukɔ esabia lefa levuʔɔ leɣɛ mGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Awing 1 mɔ pɛ tere ne kwa tene toɣe sambɛ ne feme ne puʔe ne ɣe me Grassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Awing 2 mɔh peːe teːre kwa taa ntuɡu saːmbe nɨfeːme nɨpueh nɨɡeːmeGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Bafut 1 mɔ ʔɔ baa tare kwaa ntaa ntoʔo samba fwame kwaliʔi nɨ buʔu tawum nɨ wumGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Bafut 2 mɔʔɔ baa tare kwa ǹtaa ntoʔo samba fwame kwalɛ ʔɛ taɡhumGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Bambili Bambui 1 mɔ ʔɔ be ɡe tye kya tɔ ɔ ntuu ʃamba nɨ fɔ ɔ nɨ bɛ ʔɛ nɨ ɣamGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Bambili Bambui 2 mɔʔɔ bɨɡe tye kɥa tɔː n tuː ʃamba nɨ fɔː nɨ bɛʔɛ nɨ ɣamGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Bamukumbit m mɔʔɔ or tɑʔ bɛ bɨbɛ mɨmbɛ tɑrɨ bɨ tɑː ɾe mɨntɑrɨ nɨkwɑ bɨnɨkwɑ mɨnkwɑ jitɑ bɨtɑ mɨntɑ jintoʔ bɨntoʔ mɨntoʔ ʃɑmbɛ bɨʃɑmbɛ mɨʃɑmbɛ nɨfɔ bɨnɨfɔ mɨnɨfɔ nɨ buʔ bɨnɨbuʔ mɨnɨbuʔ nɨwũGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Mendankwe Nkwen mɔ h beɡe tarɔ kua tan ntɔ samba nefah nebuɔ h neɣemGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Mbekum Mankon 1 mɔ ʔɔ ba tare kwa tane ntuɣu samba nɨ fame nɨ buʔu nɨ ɣɨ mGrassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Ngemba Mankon 2 mɔ ʔɔ bǎ tare kwa taŋ ntuɡhe sambǎ nɨ fe ŋ nɨ bvuʔe nɨ wume Grassfields Mbam Nkam Ngemba Pinyin mɔ ʔɔ paa taɾe kwa tane ǹto samba ne fame ne puʔe ne wume Grassfields Mbam Nkam Nkambe Kwaja mũũ baa ta kɥ tɔ tɔ fũ se mba wɔ ŋkxɨt be ʁet wem Grassfields Mbam Nkam Nkambe Limbum 1 mɔ ʔsiɾ baː taːɾ kjeː ta ntuːnfu saːmba waːmi bɨ ʔɨ bɨ ɾɨ ɾɨGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nkambe Limbum 2 moʔsir baa taar kyee ta ntuunfu saamba waame bʉ ʔʉ rʉ ʉGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nkambe Mfumte Koffa miʔinci bʉ a to kwee toŋ ntunfuu sɔ mbaa waami buum huʔumGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nkambe Yamba moʔfis ba tɛʔ kwe taŋ ntuuŋfu samba fwamɛʔ ve kɛʔ humGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Baba1 Papia 1 mɔ ʔ mba nti kua te ntioʔo kpataɾ fome ʃipo koɣemGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Baba Papia 2 jimaa jimɔ jipaa ji mba ji tara ji ntii ji kwa kpa ji te ntuwo tuʔo kwatar kpataɾ fome tʃipoo ʃipɔ koɣem ɣemGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Bafanji jimuʔu muʔu tiʔae jipɑɑ piae jitii tii jikwe kwe jintɑ ĩ tɑ ĩ jintou ntou jikwaetae kwaetae jifũɔ fũɔ jipuʔu puʔu jiɣwũ ɣwũ Grassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Bamali Papia mʷeʔe pɛt tɛt kʷa ta ntɔ kʷatʃo nefɔː nepuʔu neɣuGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Bambalang tɛʔi paa tɾe kʰwɛ tiɛ ntiɡaw kwatʃeɨ fuo ndipoʔu wuŋGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Bamun Shupamen 1 moʔ mbaa tɛ t pka tɛ n ntu samba fame kovyʔ ɣe mGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Bamun Bamum 2 imoʔ ipaa itɛt ipkwa itɛ n ituu isamba ifame ivʉ ʔʉ ɣomGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Bangolan mɔ mbǎ tet kpa tije ǹtuhu kpate t fo tʃɛ ŋɔ ʔɔ vwoGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Medumba ntʃɯ ʔ bɔ t at kwa t an ndɔ ɣe sambɔ fume bwe ʔe ɣamGrassfields Mbam Nkam Nun Mungaka Bali ɲin ibaa itɛ t ikwa itan intwuʔ kwatat ifum sʉibɔ m ɣom wɔmGrassfields Momo Moghamo imɔ ʔ ibe itad ikwe ita tifoɣe sambe fami abōɡ iɣumGrassfields Momo Mundani yea mɔʔ bebe betat bekpi beta a bentua besa a mbe befa a bebe ʔa eɣɛmGrassfields Momo Ngamambo 1 mɔ ʔ be tad kwe tan rɨ fuɣɔ rʌ fuɣɔ sambe faam bɔ ɔk ɣumGrassfields Momo Ngamambo 2 mɔ ʔ be tɑ t kwe tɑ n rɨ fuɣe sɑ mbe fɑ m e bɔ k wumGrassfields Momo Ngie 1 ifiŋ ibǐɡe ita ikjuɡe itɨŋ ifew isambiɡe ifɨŋi abew iwumGrassfields Momo Ngie 2 ifiŋ ibǐɡ ita ikɥǐɡ itʉ ŋ ifœ isambǐɡ ifɔ ŋ abœ iwumGrassfields Momo Ngwo ŋwaʔ fjeː tɛ d kwɛ tan m fo saːmbjɛ fwɔ ː kɔ ː wumGrassfields Ring Bamunka 1 mɔ ʔ buǔ tia kʷi taa ntɨ ʔ te kʷiǐtia 4 3 fɔ ŋ bɔ mɔ ʔ 10 1 wuŋGrassfields Ring Bamunka 2 mɔʔ L buː RF tia F kʷi L ta F ntʉ ʔ F tekʷitia HHF 4 3 fɔ R bɔmɔʔ R 10 1 wũ LGrassfields Ring Wushi muɔ ʔ ba tɨ e ʔ tse tɛ ɛ ǹtuɔ ʔ tse tɨ e ʔ 4 3 fe me bufe muɔ ʔ 10 1 vooGrassfields Ring Center Babanki Kejom muʔ bo taʔ kaʔ tan ǹtʉ fe sombo fwome abʉ muʔ 10 1 wumGrassfields Ring Center Bum mɔ k ba tat kik tan tufa samba fama bula mɔ k 10 1 iwumGrassfields Ring Center Kom noʔ bo tal kae kae tayn ntufa nsombo nsombo nfama bulamoʔ ivɨmGrassfields Ring Center Kuk mɔ ʔ boː toː kɪ ːko taː toːfe sōːmbo ː faːme buː mɔ ʔ 1 iɣe mGrassfields Ring Center Kung mɔ ʔ be ː te ː kʲe ke taʲ tuːfe sɛ ːⁿbɛ ː fɛ ːme bolimɔ ʔ 1 iɣe mGrassfields Ring Center Mmen mɔ ʔ pɛ ta kja taɲ tufɜ sɛ mbɛ fammɜ pʊ lɜ mɔ ʔ 10 1 eɣe mGrassfields Ring Center Oku mɔɔ baa taa kwɪʲ tan ntuufe saamba ɛfaame buumek ɛvemGrassfields Ring East Lamnso mɔ ʔɔ n baa taar kwɛ ɛ tan ntuufu saamba waamɛ bve ʔe ɣwe mGrassfields Ring West Aghem 1 mɔ ʔ be ˠa te ˠa tʃʲako tɛ ʲ tǔ ː se ˠaⁿbe ˠa ɪ fǎː tɛ ⁿdzu ˠu ɪ ɣe mGrassfields Ring West Aghem 2 mɒ ʔ bɨ ɣa tɨ ɣa ciakɔ tɛ tǒo sɨ ɣambɨ ɣa ɛ ʔfaa tendzuɣo e ʔɣɨ mGrassfields Ring West Isu mɔ ʔ beː be tsiː tʃaʔi taː ntsifɔ ŋ sembe faːme buke ive mGrassfields Ring West Laimbue moʔ bo to kje ʔ tai tɔ ɔ sumbo ifama be le mɔ ʔ ɨɣɨ mGrassfields Ring West Weh mo be ɣe te ɣe kaike ta tube seɣ mbe ɣ ifam tandzu iɣe mYemne Kimbi Ajumbu mʷe fʲe ŋ to ɲi kpɛ kʲato nato nana kpɛ ɲi koɲYemne Kimbi Mundabli m mo m fɪe n tɔ n de kpɔn tʃi ta nɔ tɔ ne ne kpa ne dzo fɯ Yemne Kimbi Mungbam Abar 1 m mu fin fa ti tee ɲ ni kpaan kpōa letɛ lete ɲ tɛ ɲitɛ ne ne ne ne kpane ɲ kpanaɲi dʒuhɛ dʒohoYemne Kimbi Munbam Munken 2 mwe ne mu mu fe fō fe tɛ tea te ɲe ne ɲi ɲi kpoōne kpɛ n kpaaɲi letɛ letea letɛ ɲitɛ ɲite ɲitɛ ɲiɲi ɲiɲi ɲiɲi ɲiɲi kpɔ ndʒuɲi ɲinkpɛ n kwin kwin kwɔ nReferences Edit McWhorter J 2001 The Power of Babel p 81 82 Freeman Times Henry Holt New York Williamson Kay 1989 Niger Congo Overview In The Niger Congo languages ed by John Bendor Samuel 3 45 University Press of America Roger Blench Niger Congo classification Niger Congo an alternative view PDF Rogerblench info Retrieved 2017 07 07 Williamson Kay amp Blench Roger 2000 Niger Congo in Heine Bernd and Nurse Derek eds African Languages An Introduction Cambridge Cambridge University press pp 11 42 Blench Roger 2011 The membership and internal structure of Bantoid and the border with Bantu PDF Berlin Humboldt University p 17 Blench Roger 2010 The Tivoid Languages PDF pp 12 15 Grollemund Rebecca 2012 Nouvelles approches en classification Application aux langues bantu du Nord Ouest Ph D Dissertation Universite Lumiere Lyon 2 Lyon 550 pp External links EditComparaLex database with Southern Bantoid word lists Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Southern Bantoid languages amp oldid 1130357276, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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