South Oran and Figuig Berber

South Oran Berber, or Tachelhit,^[3] is a cluster of the Zenati languages, which belong to the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family.^[4] It is spoken in a number of oases of southwestern Algeria and across the border in Morocco.

South Oran and Figuig Berber Tachelhit
tmaziɣt, tacelḥit, tabeldit
Native to	Algeria, Morocco
Region	Ksour Mountains, Saoura basin, Figuig region
Native speakers	61,000 in Algeria (2008)^[1] 20,000 to 30,000 in Morocco (2011?)^[2]
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Berber Northern Berber Zenati Mzab–Wargla South Oran and Figuig Berber Tachelhit
Writing system	Arabic, Latin, Tifinagh
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (mis)
	Figuig
Glottolog	sout3056  South Oran
ELP	Figuig

These areas include most of the ksour (fortified villages) between Mecheria and Béni Abbès: Tiout, Ain Sfisifa, Boussemghoun, Moghrar, Chellala, Asla, Fendi, Mougheul, Lahmar, Boukais, Sfissifa, Ouakda, Barrbi near Taghit, Igli, Mazzer in Algeria, Iche, Ain Chair and the seven ksour of Figuig (Ait Wadday, Ait Amar, Ait Lamiz, Ait Sliman, Ait Anaj, Ait Addi and Iznayen)^[2] in Morocco.^[5]

Of these towns, the only one whose dialect has been studied in any detail is Figuig (Kossmann 1997).^[6] A cursory study of the northern dialects, including texts and vocabulary, is Basset (1885,^[7] 1886^[8]) while a sketch grammar of its southernmost member, Igli, is provided by Kossmann (2010).^[9] El Idrissi (2017^[10]) focuses mainly on phonetic variation among the different villages.

Like many other Berber varieties, the Figuig Berber dialects use bipartite verbal negation. The preverbal negator is ul (locally un, il); the postverbal negator is ša (Igli, Mazzer) / šay (Figuig, Iche, Moghrar) / iš (Boussemghoun, Ain Chair), with both the latter two appearing as allomorphs in Tiout.^[11] The numerals 1 and 2 are Berber, while higher numerals are Arabic borrowings throughout.^[12]

References

1. "L'Aménagement linguistique dans le monde: Page d'accueil".
2. "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger".
3. Lacroix, Napoléon (1855-1910) Auteur du texte; La Martinière, Henri Poisson de (1859-1922) Auteur du texte (1894–1897). Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord-Ouest africain. T. 1 / réunis et rédigés... par H.-M.-P. de La Martinière,... N. Lacroix,... (in French). p. 959. Retrieved 2023-02-10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
4. This language has no established name in English; in French literature it is referred to as Kçours du Sud-Oranais or parlers des Kçours Oranais et de Figuig. Its speakers most frequently call it by the vague term tacelḥit "Tashelhiyt" ("Shilha"), but in the northern villages the equally vague term tmaziɣt "Tamazight" is also used, while tabeldit is specific to the Igli area (El Idrissi 2017:22).
5. André Basset, La langue berbère dans les territoires du sud, Revue Africaine vol. 85, 1941, pp. 62-71
6. Maarten Kossmann, Grammaire du parler berbère de Figuig: Maroc oriental, Peeters 1997 [1]
7. René Basset: "Notes de lexicographie berbère 3e série : dialecte des k'çours oranais et de Figuig" in Journal Asiatique 1885 t. II pp. 302-371
8. René Basset: "Spécimen de dialecte des k'çours oranais" in Journal Asiatique 1886 t. I pp. 67-85
9. Maarten Kossmann, "Grammatical notes on the Berber dialect of Igli (Sud oranais, Algeria)", in ed. D. Ibriszimow, M. Kossmann, H. Stroomer, R. Vossen, Études berbères V – Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 2010.
10. Mohamed El Idrissi. Description des variétés berbères en danger du Sud-Oranais (Algérie) - Étude dialectologique, phonologique et phonétique du système consonantique. Linguistique. Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017.
11. Kossmann, op. cit.:94
12. Kossmann, op. cit.:84