The routing of the main line of the Chinese Eastern Railway (Manzhouli to Harbin to Suifenhe), here labelled the Trans-Manchurian Railway, and its southern branch (Harbin to Dalian). After 1905, most of the southern branch (from Changchun to Dalian) became the Japan-run South Manchuria Railway
Following the Japanese victory in 1905 over Imperial Russia in the Russo-Japanese War and the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth, the South Manchuria branch (from Changchun to Lüshun) of the China Far East Railway was transferred to Japanese control. Japan claimed that this control included all the rights and privileges granted to Russia by China in the Li-Lobanov Treaty of 1896, as enlarged by the Kwantung Lease Agreement of 1898, which included absolute and exclusive administration within the railway zone.
The Zone was geographically a 62 m wide strip of land on either side of the South Manchurian Railway tracks, extending along the 700 km main trunk route from Dalian to Changchun, the 260 km Mukden to Dandong route, and four other spur routes, for a total length of 1100 km and a total land area of 250 km2. The rail lines connected 25 cities and towns, and within each town, the zone included warehouses, repair shops, coal mines and electrical facilities that were deemed necessary to maintain the trains. [1]
Japan stationed railway guards to provide security for the trains and tracks throughout the zone, but they were regular Japanese soldiers and frequently carried on maneuvers outside the railway areas. In addition, Japan also maintained Consular Police attached to the Japanese consulates and branch consulates in major cities as Harbin, Qiqihar, and Manzhouli as well as in the Chientao District in which lived large numbers of ethnic Koreans.
In 1915, Japan presented to China the Twenty-One Demands, resulting in the Sino-Japanese Treaty of 1915. It provided that Japanese subjects would be free to reside and travel in South Manchuria, and engage in business and manufacture of any kind and lease land that was necessary for erecting suitable buildings for trade, manufacturing, and agricultural enterprises. Japan loosely interpreted that to include most of Manchuria in the term "South Manchuria."
After the foundation of Manchukuo, with full Japanese control over all of Manchuria, the zone ceased to have a function and was abolished in 1937.
south, manchuria, railway, zone, japanese, 南満州鉄道附属地, romanized, minami, manshū, tetsudō, fuzoku, simplified, chinese, 南满洲铁道附属地, traditional, chinese, 南滿洲鐵道附屬地, pinyin, nán, mǎnzhōu, tiědào, fùshǔ, wade, giles, nan2, man3, chou1, tʻieh3, tao4, shu3, zone, area,. The South Manchuria Railway Zone Japanese 南満州鉄道附属地 romanized Minami Manshu Tetsudō Fuzoku chi simplified Chinese 南满洲铁道附属地 traditional Chinese 南滿洲鐵道附屬地 pinyin Nan Mǎnzhōu Tiedao Fushǔ di Wade Giles Nan2 Man3 chou1 Tʻieh3 tao4 Fu4 shu3 ti4 or SMR Zone was the area of Japanese extraterritorial rights in northeast China in connection with the operation of the South Manchurian Railway South Manchuria Railway Zone南満州鉄道附属地Area of Japan1937Area 250 km2 97 sq mi Today part ofChina South Manchuria Railway ZoneChinese nameTraditional Chinese南滿洲鐵道附屬地Simplified Chinese南满洲铁道附属地TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinNanmǎnzhōu Tiedao Fushǔ diWade GilesNan2man3 chou1 Tʻieh3 tao4 Fu4 shu3 ti4Japanese nameKanji南満州鉄道附属地HiraganaみなみまんしゅうてつどうふぞくちKatakanaミナミマンシュウテツドウフゾクチTranscriptionsRomanizationMinamimanshu Tetsudō Fuzoku chi The routing of the main line of the Chinese Eastern Railway Manzhouli to Harbin to Suifenhe here labelled the Trans Manchurian Railway and its southern branch Harbin to Dalian After 1905 most of the southern branch from Changchun to Dalian became the Japan run South Manchuria Railway Contents 1 History 2 References 3 External links 4 NotesHistory editFollowing the Japanese victory in 1905 over Imperial Russia in the Russo Japanese War and the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth the South Manchuria branch from Changchun to Lushun of the China Far East Railway was transferred to Japanese control Japan claimed that this control included all the rights and privileges granted to Russia by China in the Li Lobanov Treaty of 1896 as enlarged by the Kwantung Lease Agreement of 1898 which included absolute and exclusive administration within the railway zone The Zone was geographically a 62 m wide strip of land on either side of the South Manchurian Railway tracks extending along the 700 km main trunk route from Dalian to Changchun the 260 km Mukden to Dandong route and four other spur routes for a total length of 1100 km and a total land area of 250 km2 The rail lines connected 25 cities and towns and within each town the zone included warehouses repair shops coal mines and electrical facilities that were deemed necessary to maintain the trains 1 Japan stationed railway guards to provide security for the trains and tracks throughout the zone but they were regular Japanese soldiers and frequently carried on maneuvers outside the railway areas In addition Japan also maintained Consular Police attached to the Japanese consulates and branch consulates in major cities as Harbin Qiqihar and Manzhouli as well as in the Chientao District in which lived large numbers of ethnic Koreans In 1915 Japan presented to China the Twenty One Demands resulting in the Sino Japanese Treaty of 1915 It provided that Japanese subjects would be free to reside and travel in South Manchuria and engage in business and manufacture of any kind and lease land that was necessary for erecting suitable buildings for trade manufacturing and agricultural enterprises Japan loosely interpreted that to include most of Manchuria in the term South Manchuria After the foundation of Manchukuo with full Japanese control over all of Manchuria the zone ceased to have a function and was abolished in 1937 References editCoox Alvin 1990 Nomonhan Japan Against Russia 1939 Stanford University Press ISBN 0 8047 1835 0 Young Louise 1999 Japan s Total Empire Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism University of California Press ISBN 0 520 21934 1 External links editINTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL FOR THE FAR EAST Judgement Chapter IIINotes edit Coox Nomonhan pp 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title South Manchuria Railway Zone amp oldid 1218641781, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
