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Sora's Diary

January 01, 1970

The Sora Tabi Nikki (曾良旅日記, "Travel Diary of Sora") was the memorandum of Kawai Sora in 1689 and 1691 when he accompanied Matsuo Bashō, on his noted journeys.[1] By the time it was re-discovered in 1943, the presence of this diary had been doubted.[2] This diary has proven indispensable in the study of Oku no Hosomichi by Matsuo Bashō.[3]

Sora Tabi Nikki
The handwritten diary of Kawai Sora
AuthorKawai Sora
Original title曾良旅日記
CountryJapan
LanguageJapanese

The diary edit

The existence of this diary had been known and it was re-discovered and published by Yasusaburo Yamamoto in 1943.[2] It was designated an Important Cultural Property of Japan on June 15, 1978.[4] The diary was 11 cm in length, 16.5 cm in width and 2 cm in thickness; the book cover was indigo and the volume contained 100 sheets of paper, including 4 white sheets. There were 11 sheets of paper pasted.[5] For convenience, it has been divided into parts: Summary of Divine Names of Engishiki, Memorandum of Utamakura, Diary of Genroku 2nd year, Diary of Genroku 4th year, Memorandum of Haiku and Others. Inside the diary, there were no such divisions. The diary was called also Sora Nikki (Sora Diary) and Zuiko Nikki (Diary of Sora accompanying Basho).[6] In the diary, there were no emotional sentences such as seen in Oku no Hosomichi. The names of lands visited and the distances between places were recorded precisely.[7] Donald Keene compared this diary to the diary of François-René de Chateaubriand, namely exactly recording the data of the trip by Julian who accompanied his master.[8] The recording of time in the middle of Edo era in this diary is noted as most exact one. It was shown in Earthly Branches and the time was shown in three divisions.[9] He wrote that while they worshiped at shrines or prayed before shrines, they only visited or saw temples, indicating that he was an earnest Shintoist.[10]

Engishiki Shinmeicho (List of kami)
Engishiki: This was a list of kami by Sora, who studied Shinto under Yoshikawa Koretari (1616–1695) in preparation for their travels.[1] It occupies the beginning of the diary, up to the halfway point of the 12th sheet of paper.[5]
Utamakura memorandum
In preparation for the trip, he wrote an utamakura memorandum based on the Ruiji Meisho Wakashū and Nａｒａｙａｍａ Sｈūｙō.[1] It consumes 8 sheets, starting on the back of the 12th sheet.[5] Findings in the trip were added between the lines. One sheet of paper was pasted.[1] This is also called the "Meishō Memorandum".[3]
1689 diary
 
Basho on the horseback, followed by Sora in Okuno Hosomichi Emaki, of Yosa Buson[* 1]
On 33 and a half sheets of paper,[5] it begins with the two leaving Fukagawa in Edo in March during the second year of Genroku, and ends with Sora departing for Ise and Nagashima on August 5. Between these two events, Sora recorded everything in the journey, including the real dates, weather, schedule, and stays in inns. This has become an important document for the study of Oku no Hosomichi. On September 3, Sora rejoined Basho at Ogaki, and the two returned to Fukagawa on November 13. Sora recorded details of the trip.[1]
1691 diary
Sora started on March 4, 1691 and arrived at Nagashima on July 25. This diary is also called the Kinki Area Journey Diary.[1] Starting at the latter half of the 1689 diary, the diary was described for 23 sheets of paper to Haikai Kakidome.[5] Most were on his visits to shrines and temples at Yoshino, Koyasan. Kumano, Wakaura, Suma, Akashi. He recorded the shrines and temples and Utamakura. He visited Basho who was staying at Sagaraku Kakisha, and recorded Basho and his disciples who were editing Sarumino.[11]
Haikai Kakidome
Haikai Kakidome recorded the hokku (starting verse of a renku) and haikus of Basho and Sora during their journey and the haiku meetings during their journey. This is an important document in order to know the original form of their haikus.[11]
Zatsuroku (trivia)
On the Japanese archery, anecdotes on Teishitsu which Sora recorded at Yamanaka Spa, names and addresses of persons Sora and Basho met on their journeys, old haikus; these were jotted down.[11]

History prior to rediscovery edit

The original book had been present together with a copied manuscript of Oku no Hosomichi called Sora Hon in the same box made of paulownia wood.[12] This book was in the hand of Sugiyama Sanpū who was a close friend of Sora when Sora died in Iki Island, now Nagasaki Prefecture. Shikōbō Hakushū, who was a brother-in-law of Sansha, a son of Sugiyama Sanpū, wrote that Sanpū possessed this book.[13] This book was sent to Takano Family where Sora was born. When the Takano Family ended, this book was under the control of Kasai Family, who was the family of the mother of Sora. Kasai Shūtoku, of the Kasai Family, was married with the daughter of one elder sister of Sora. He respected Sora. He edited a book Yukimaruke concerning Sora from various documents of Sora.[14] Later the book went to Kubojima Wakōdo.[15] Chikurinsha Atsujin of Sendai wrote Wakōdo had originally retained the Diary of Sora.Roinsha Chikusai wrote in his book the map of Sendai in Sora's diary and a line of July 20, 1689 were transcribed at the Wakodo's house.[6] According to a Journal of History of Suwa in 1967, the diary of Sora was illegally taken away from the Kasai Family. Namely Wakōdo defrauded the Kasai Family of Sora's diary. Wakōdo bought 8 items of Kasai Family including the diary at 58 ryō Tael but paid only 10 ryō. Wakōdo was punished by the Takashima han, but the diary was not returned.[15] On the original box, there was a formal letter of transfer of the original Okuno Hosomichi and Sora's diary by the name of Wakōdo.[16] Later Matsudaira Shimanokami, one of the daimyō, bought the box. Honma Keishi attested to it.[17] On the Sora's diary, fragments of documents were occasionally seen. For instance, Yawatei Ukō wrote the summary of the Diary from April 21 at Shirakawa to May 9 at Matsushima in Aokage Shū. Asukaen Issō wrote the summary from the start to May 17 at Obanazawa.[6]

Rediscovery edit

In Meiji years, the book was possessed by Kuwahara Shinzō of Osaka, which went to Saitō Ikuta of Itō, who had been a famous collector of classical fine arts. It was passed to Saitō Hirosuke. Yamamoto Yasusaburō heard of it and with the introduction of Satō Seiiji, he witnessed the airing of summer in 1938. Yamamoto discovered the Diary of Sora among other items of classical fine arts. He published the Diary under the title of the Sora's Diary of Oku no Hoshomichi accompanying Bashō, with the 1791 Diary at the Ogawa Shoten in July 1943. [18] Incidentally, this year was the 250th birthday year of Basho's death and the 300th anniversary of the birth of Basho.[2] The second printing was made in December of the same year, and the third printing was in September 1944. The 4th printing was made in 1946. Shōichirō Sugiura visited Hirosuke Saitō, the owner living at Uemeguro, with Saburō Miyamoto and examined the Diary on November 5, 1950.[19] Sugiura's original idea was to obtain the Diary in Wataya Bunko of Tenri Library, however, it was not realized.[20] In the course of time, Shōichirō Sugiura had to possess the Diary. He wrote in the first issue of Renga Haikai Kenkyu that this Diary should be studied by researchers and obtained it.[20] After his death, the Diary was presented to the Wataya Bunko of Tenri Library by his wife in February 1959.[21]

Two manuscripts discovered edit

In 1951, two manuscripts were discovered. One was in the possession of kan-nushi Nasu -Onsen-Jinja, called Giyu Hitomi, and the diary is called Hitomi-Book, and the other is in the possession of Oyamada Family, and the diary is called Oyamada-Book.[6]

Contribution to the study of Oku no Hosomichi edit

Prior to the rediscovery of Sora's diary, studies on Oku no Hosomichi were based on indirect findings.[22] After the re-discovery, Sora's diary has become indispensable, for instance, one should read the Haikai Kakidome for the beginning Hokku.[11]

Yamamoto wrote in the beginning of his book that "If this diary still exists today in a complete state, it is a miracle beyond my comprehension. For the approximately 250 years from the trip to the narrow road of Oku until today, in spite of there being enough distinguished writings on Basho to make an ox sweat to carry them or to fill a library to the rafters, this [diary] still represents a historical document the likes of which has never seen the light of day."[18]

Shida Gishu was asked to write a preface of Yamamoto's book and wrote that this diary would contribute greatly to the study of Oku no Hosomichi, and every study would contribute to the proof of this diary and attested to the real writings of Sora with various examples of proof.[2] The publication of Sora's diary produced problems of discrepancies between the Basho's Oku no Hosomichi and the Sora's descriptions.[23] Prior to the discovery of the diary, Shida had pointed out that not all recorded in the Oku no Hosomichi was necessarily true and that there were examples of fabrications.[24] This problem had been under dispute in 1951 in the Kokubungaku, Kaishaku to Kansho. Toyotaka Komiya supported Basho stating there were no intentional fabrications, but most researchers such as Sugiura, Noichi Imoto, Kisao Abe studied minutely; the academic circle was in favor of the fabrications.[25] Yamamoto's original book contains mistakes and misprintings.[6] Sugiura showed a corrected diary.[1]

Thereafter, there have been several books on the corrected Sora's diary. Atsuko Kanamori (ja:金森敦子), a Japanese historian, tried to explore the Sora's diary by studying the references and travelling on the route herself. She concluded that the length of the journey was really only 450 ri (around 720 miles). She counted the time of every part in the diary, and studied especially the entry into and leaving the checking stations of the hans, for instance, the Sendai Domain at that time and how they managed local haiku poets.[26] The original hope of Basho had been to see the cherry blossoms of Shiogama, Miyagi ; however, this was almost impossible, taking Basho's health into account. Sora was appointed to be Basho's travelling companion, and studied the places of previously composed famous Japanese tankas. This made this journey successful.[27]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Yosa Buson drew an illustration of Oku no hosomichi showing Basho on the horseback accompanied by Sora. This diary was of the trip shown in Buson's illustration.

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Miyamoto 1986, p. 1125.
  2. ^ a b c d Shida 1943, pp. 3–11.
  3. ^ a b Matsuo 1977, p. 208.
  4. ^ ja:国指定文化財等データベース 1978, ja:奥の細道曽良随行日記〈自筆本／〉.
  5. ^ a b c d e Sugiura 1958, pp. 185–206.
  6. ^ a b c d e Sugiura 1957, pp. 426–427.
  7. ^ Okada 1991, p. 107.
  8. ^ Keene 2011, pp. 494–496.
  9. ^ Toyama Science Museum 2007, ja:曾良随行日記の時刻.
  10. ^ Okada 1991, pp. 35–38.
  11. ^ a b c d Ueno 1995, pp. 515–516.
  12. ^ Sugiura 1958, pp. 112–185.
  13. ^ Muramatsu 1988, pp. 6–10.
  14. ^ Hisatomi 1980, pp. 350–351.
  15. ^ a b Muramatsu 1988, pp. 324–326.
  16. ^ Muramatsu 1977, pp. 433–435.
  17. ^ Nakazato 1967, pp. 104–105.
  18. ^ a b Yamamoto 1943, pp. 12–15.
  19. ^ Muramatsu 1988, pp. 88–92.
  20. ^ a b Muramatsu 1988, pp. 52–57.
  21. ^ Sakurai 1997, pp. 217–223.
  22. ^ Higuchi 1923, pp. 130–151.
  23. ^ Kuriyama 1977, pp. 69–70.
  24. ^ Shida 1946, pp. 1–15.
  25. ^ Shiraishi 1969, pp. 132–140.
  26. ^ Kanamori[2013:367-369]
  27. ^ Kanamori[2013:1-5]

References edit

Books edit

  • Higuchi, Kō (1923-07-18), Bashō Kenkyū 芭蕉研究 (in Japanese), Bunken shoin, p. 436
  • Kanamori, Atsuko (2013-09-09), "Sora Tabi Nikki" wo yomu - Mō Hitotsu no "Oku no Hosomichi" - 「曽良旅日記」を読む ― もうひとつの『おくのほそ道』 [Reading the Sora's travel diary, another Oku no Hosomichi] (in Japanese), Hosei University Press, p. 369, ISBN 978-4-588-32507-6
  • Kawai, Sora (1943-07-30), Yasuzaburō, Yamamoto (ed.), Sora Oku no Hosomichi zuikō Nikki Hu Genroku 4 nen Nikki 曽良 奥の細道随行日記 附 元禄四年日記 [Diary of Sora who accompanied Basho with the 1791 Diary] (in Japanese), Shida, Gisyū, Ogawa Shobo, p. 283
  • Keene, Donald (2011-10-12), Hyakutai no Kakaku Nikki ni miru Nihon-jin 百代の過客 日記にみる日本人 [Travelers of a Hundred Ages: The Japanese As Revealed Through 1,000 Years of Diaries] (in Japanese), translated by Kanaseki, Hisao, Kodansha Ltd., p. 633, ISBN 978-4-06-292078-0
  • Kuriyama, Riichi; Imoto, Nōichi; Nakamura, Shunjō (1977-03-01), Bashō 芭蕉, Kokugo Kokubungaku Kenkyū Taisei (in Japanese), vol. 12, Sanseido Co., Ltd., p. 630
  • Muramatsu, Tomotsugu (1977-05-30), Bashō no Sakuhin to Denki no Kenkyū - Shin shiryō ni yoru - 芭蕉の作品と伝記の研究 -新資料による- [Studies on the works and life of Basho, based on new findings] (in Japanese), Kasama Shoin, p. 897, ISBN 4-305-40037-5
  • Muramatsu, Tomotsugu (1988-02-29), Sora-hon "Oku no Hosomichi" no Kenkyū 曽良本『おくのほそ道』の研究 [Studies on Oku no Hosomichi based on the Sora's manuscript copy] (in Japanese), Kasama Shoin, p. 395, ISBN 4-305-70148-0
  • Okada, Kisyu (1991-12-10), Tabibito, Sora to Bashō 旅人・曾良と芭蕉 [Travellers, Sora and Basho] (in Japanese), Kawade Shobo Shinsha Publishers inc., p. 302, ISBN 4-309-00725-2
  • Sakurai, Takejirō (1997-10-12), Bashō Jihitsu "Oku no Hosomichi" no Tenmatsu 芭蕉自筆「奥の細道」の顛末 (in Japanese), PHP Institute, Inc., p. 238, ISBN 4-569-55708-2
  • Shida, Gisyū (1946-04-25), Bashō Tembō 芭蕉展望 [Outlook on Basho] (in Japanese), Nihon Hyoronsya, p. 212
  • Shiraishi, Teizō (1969-11-25), "The prospect of Oku no Hosomichi", Bashō 芭蕉 (in Japanese), Yuseidō, p. 312
  • Sugiura, Shōichirō (1958-09-20), Bashō Kenkyū 芭蕉研究 [Studies on Bashō] (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, Publishers., p. 487
  • Hisatomi, Tetsuo (1980-01-10), Oku no Hosomichi おくのほそ道 (in Japanese), Kodansha Ltd., p. 360, ISBN 4-06-158452-9
  • Ueno, Yōzō (1986-10-05), Bashō Ron 芭蕉論 (in Japanese), Chikuma Shobo, Publishers., p. 362, ISBN 4-480-82219-4

Encyclopedias edit

  • Ueno, Yōzō; Ogata, Tsutomu; Kusama, Tokihiko; Shimazu, Tadao; Oooka, Makoto; Morikawa, Akira (1995-10-27), "ja:曾良旅日記", in Katō, Shūson; Ootani, Tokuzō; Imoto, Nōichi (eds.), Haibungaku Daijiten 俳文学大辞典 [Encyclopedia of Haibungaku] (in Japanese), Kadokawa Shoten Co., Ltd., p. 1184, ISBN 4-04-022700-X
  • Sugiura, Shōichirō; Hisatomi, Tetsuo (1957-07-10), "ja:曾良旅日記", in Ijichi, Tetsuo; Imoto, Nōichi; Kanda, Hideo; Nakamura, Shunjō; Miyamoto, Saburō (eds.), Haikai Daijiten 俳諧大辞典 (in Japanese), 明治書院, p. 1008, ISBN 4-625-40005-8
  • Matsuo, Yasuaki (1977-05-30), "ja:曾良旅日記", Haiku Jiten Kinsei 俳句辞典 近世 [Encyclopedia of Haiku, Kinsei] (in Japanese), Oufūsha, p. 559, ISBN 4-273-00322-8
  • Miyamoto, Saburō (1986-12-02), "ja:曾良旅日記", Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten 日本古典文学大辞典 [Encyclopedia of Japanese Classics] (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, Publishers., p. 2026, ISBN 4-00-080067-1

Journals edit

  • Sugiura, Shōichirō (1951-11-01). "Sora no "Oku no Hosomichi Zuikō Nikki" wo Megurite" 曾良の「奥の細道随行日記」をめぐりて. ja:連歌俳諧研究 (in Japanese). 1 (1). ja:俳文學會: 57–61.
  • Nakazato, Shigekichi (1967-11-10). ""Oku no Hosomichi" wo Tooshite Mita Kikō Bungaku no Seikaku" 『おくのほそ道』を通して見た紀行文学の性格 [The Characteristics "Kiko-Bungaku in the Okunohosomichi"]. Chūō gakuin daigaku ronsō. Ippan kyōiku kankei. (in Japanese). 2 (1). Chuo Gakuin University: 89–109. ISSN 0286-5726.

Web pages edit

  • ja:国指定文化財等データベース (1978-06-15), Oku no Hosomichi Sora Zuikō Nikki 〈Jihitsu Bon/〉 奥の細道曽良随行日記〈自筆本／〉 (in Japanese), The Agency for Cultural Affairs, retrieved 2012-06-04
  • Toyama Science Museum (2007-07-12), Sora Zuikō Nikki no JIkoku 曾良随行日記の時刻 (in Japanese), Toyama Science Museum, retrieved 2012-06-26
  • Itō, yō (2010-09-27), Sora "Oku no Hosomichi Zuikō Nikki" 曾良「奥の細道随行日記」 (in Japanese), ja:芭蕉(bashoDB), retrieved 2012-06-04
  • ja:おくのほそ道文学館 (2000-12-26), Honkoku Hon "Sora Oku no Hosomichi Zuikō Nikki" 翻刻本「曽良 奥の細道随行日記」 (in Japanese), LAP Edc. SOFT, retrieved 2012-06-26

January 01, 1970
sora, diary, sora, tabi, nikki, 曾良旅日記, travel, diary, sora, memorandum, kawai, sora, 1689, 1691, when, accompanied, matsuo, bashō, noted, journeys, time, discovered, 1943, presence, this, diary, been, doubted, this, diary, proven, indispensable, study, hosomic. The Sora Tabi Nikki 曾良旅日記 Travel Diary of Sora was the memorandum of Kawai Sora in 1689 and 1691 when he accompanied Matsuo Bashō on his noted journeys 1 By the time it was re discovered in 1943 the presence of this diary had been doubted 2 This diary has proven indispensable in the study of Oku no Hosomichi by Matsuo Bashō 3 Sora Tabi NikkiThe handwritten diary of Kawai SoraAuthorKawai SoraOriginal title曾良旅日記CountryJapanLanguageJapanese Contents 1 The diary 2 History prior to rediscovery 3 Rediscovery 3 1 Two manuscripts discovered 4 Contribution to the study of Oku no Hosomichi 5 Notes 6 Citations 7 References 7 1 Books 7 2 Encyclopedias 7 3 Journals 7 4 Web pagesThe diary editThe existence of this diary had been known and it was re discovered and published by Yasusaburo Yamamoto in 1943 2 It was designated an Important Cultural Property of Japan on June 15 1978 4 The diary was 11 cm in length 16 5 cm in width and 2 cm in thickness the book cover was indigo and the volume contained 100 sheets of paper including 4 white sheets There were 11 sheets of paper pasted 5 For convenience it has been divided into parts Summary of Divine Names of Engishiki Memorandum of Utamakura Diary of Genroku 2nd year Diary of Genroku 4th year Memorandum of Haiku and Others Inside the diary there were no such divisions The diary was called also Sora Nikki Sora Diary and Zuiko Nikki Diary of Sora accompanying Basho 6 In the diary there were no emotional sentences such as seen in Oku no Hosomichi The names of lands visited and the distances between places were recorded precisely 7 Donald Keene compared this diary to the diary of Francois Rene de Chateaubriand namely exactly recording the data of the trip by Julian who accompanied his master 8 The recording of time in the middle of Edo era in this diary is noted as most exact one It was shown in Earthly Branches and the time was shown in three divisions 9 He wrote that while they worshiped at shrines or prayed before shrines they only visited or saw temples indicating that he was an earnest Shintoist 10 Engishiki Shinmeicho List of kami Engishiki This was a list of kami by Sora who studied Shinto under Yoshikawa Koretari 1616 1695 in preparation for their travels 1 It occupies the beginning of the diary up to the halfway point of the 12th sheet of paper 5 Utamakura memorandum In preparation for the trip he wrote an utamakura memorandum based on the Ruiji Meisho Wakashu and Nａｒａｙａｍａ Sｈuｙō 1 It consumes 8 sheets starting on the back of the 12th sheet 5 Findings in the trip were added between the lines One sheet of paper was pasted 1 This is also called the Meishō Memorandum 3 1689 diary nbsp Basho on the horseback followed by Sora in Okuno Hosomichi Emaki of Yosa Buson 1 On 33 and a half sheets of paper 5 it begins with the two leaving Fukagawa in Edo in March during the second year of Genroku and ends with Sora departing for Ise and Nagashima on August 5 Between these two events Sora recorded everything in the journey including the real dates weather schedule and stays in inns This has become an important document for the study of Oku no Hosomichi On September 3 Sora rejoined Basho at Ogaki and the two returned to Fukagawa on November 13 Sora recorded details of the trip 1 1691 diary Sora started on March 4 1691 and arrived at Nagashima on July 25 This diary is also called the Kinki Area Journey Diary 1 Starting at the latter half of the 1689 diary the diary was described for 23 sheets of paper to Haikai Kakidome 5 Most were on his visits to shrines and temples at Yoshino Koyasan Kumano Wakaura Suma Akashi He recorded the shrines and temples and Utamakura He visited Basho who was staying at Sagaraku Kakisha and recorded Basho and his disciples who were editing Sarumino 11 Haikai Kakidome Haikai Kakidome recorded the hokku starting verse of a renku and haikus of Basho and Sora during their journey and the haiku meetings during their journey This is an important document in order to know the original form of their haikus 11 Zatsuroku trivia On the Japanese archery anecdotes on Teishitsu which Sora recorded at Yamanaka Spa names and addresses of persons Sora and Basho met on their journeys old haikus these were jotted down 11 History prior to rediscovery editThe original book had been present together with a copied manuscript of Oku no Hosomichi called Sora Hon in the same box made of paulownia wood 12 This book was in the hand of Sugiyama Sanpu who was a close friend of Sora when Sora died in Iki Island now Nagasaki Prefecture Shikōbō Hakushu who was a brother in law of Sansha a son of Sugiyama Sanpu wrote that Sanpu possessed this book 13 This book was sent to Takano Family where Sora was born When the Takano Family ended this book was under the control of Kasai Family who was the family of the mother of Sora Kasai Shutoku of the Kasai Family was married with the daughter of one elder sister of Sora He respected Sora He edited a book Yukimaruke concerning Sora from various documents of Sora 14 Later the book went to Kubojima Wakōdo 15 Chikurinsha Atsujin of Sendai wrote Wakōdo had originally retained the Diary of Sora Roinsha Chikusai wrote in his book the map of Sendai in Sora s diary and a line of July 20 1689 were transcribed at the Wakodo s house 6 According to a Journal of History of Suwa in 1967 the diary of Sora was illegally taken away from the Kasai Family Namely Wakōdo defrauded the Kasai Family of Sora s diary Wakōdo bought 8 items of Kasai Family including the diary at 58 ryō Tael but paid only 10 ryō Wakōdo was punished by the Takashima han but the diary was not returned 15 On the original box there was a formal letter of transfer of the original Okuno Hosomichi and Sora s diary by the name of Wakōdo 16 Later Matsudaira Shimanokami one of the daimyō bought the box Honma Keishi attested to it 17 On the Sora s diary fragments of documents were occasionally seen For instance Yawatei Ukō wrote the summary of the Diary from April 21 at Shirakawa to May 9 at Matsushima in Aokage Shu Asukaen Issō wrote the summary from the start to May 17 at Obanazawa 6 Rediscovery editIn Meiji years the book was possessed by Kuwahara Shinzō of Osaka which went to Saitō Ikuta of Itō who had been a famous collector of classical fine arts It was passed to Saitō Hirosuke Yamamoto Yasusaburō heard of it and with the introduction of Satō Seiiji he witnessed the airing of summer in 1938 Yamamoto discovered the Diary of Sora among other items of classical fine arts He published the Diary under the title of the Sora s Diary of Oku no Hoshomichi accompanying Bashō with the 1791 Diary at the Ogawa Shoten in July 1943 18 Incidentally this year was the 250th birthday year of Basho s death and the 300th anniversary of the birth of Basho 2 The second printing was made in December of the same year and the third printing was in September 1944 The 4th printing was made in 1946 Shōichirō Sugiura visited Hirosuke Saitō the owner living at Uemeguro with Saburō Miyamoto and examined the Diary on November 5 1950 19 Sugiura s original idea was to obtain the Diary in Wataya Bunko of Tenri Library however it was not realized 20 In the course of time Shōichirō Sugiura had to possess the Diary He wrote in the first issue of Renga Haikai Kenkyu that this Diary should be studied by researchers and obtained it 20 After his death the Diary was presented to the Wataya Bunko of Tenri Library by his wife in February 1959 21 Two manuscripts discovered edit In 1951 two manuscripts were discovered One was in the possession of kan nushi Nasu Onsen Jinja called Giyu Hitomi and the diary is called Hitomi Book and the other is in the possession of Oyamada Family and the diary is called Oyamada Book 6 Contribution to the study of Oku no Hosomichi editPrior to the rediscovery of Sora s diary studies on Oku no Hosomichi were based on indirect findings 22 After the re discovery Sora s diary has become indispensable for instance one should read the Haikai Kakidome for the beginning Hokku 11 Yamamoto wrote in the beginning of his book that If this diary still exists today in a complete state it is a miracle beyond my comprehension For the approximately 250 years from the trip to the narrow road of Oku until today in spite of there being enough distinguished writings on Basho to make an ox sweat to carry them or to fill a library to the rafters this diary still represents a historical document the likes of which has never seen the light of day 18 Shida Gishu was asked to write a preface of Yamamoto s book and wrote that this diary would contribute greatly to the study of Oku no Hosomichi and every study would contribute to the proof of this diary and attested to the real writings of Sora with various examples of proof 2 The publication of Sora s diary produced problems of discrepancies between the Basho s Oku no Hosomichi and the Sora s descriptions 23 Prior to the discovery of the diary Shida had pointed out that not all recorded in the Oku no Hosomichi was necessarily true and that there were examples of fabrications 24 This problem had been under dispute in 1951 in the Kokubungaku Kaishaku to Kansho Toyotaka Komiya supported Basho stating there were no intentional fabrications but most researchers such as Sugiura Noichi Imoto Kisao Abe studied minutely the academic circle was in favor of the fabrications 25 Yamamoto s original book contains mistakes and misprintings 6 Sugiura showed a corrected diary 1 Thereafter there have been several books on the corrected Sora s diary Atsuko Kanamori ja 金森敦子 a Japanese historian tried to explore the Sora s diary by studying the references and travelling on the route herself She concluded that the length of the journey was really only 450 ri around 720 miles She counted the time of every part in the diary and studied especially the entry into and leaving the checking stations of the hans for instance the Sendai Domain at that time and how they managed local haiku poets 26 The original hope of Basho had been to see the cherry blossoms of Shiogama Miyagi however this was almost impossible taking Basho s health into account Sora was appointed to be Basho s travelling companion and studied the places of previously composed famous Japanese tankas This made this journey successful 27 Notes edit Yosa Buson drew an illustration of Oku no hosomichi showing Basho on the horseback accompanied by Sora This diary was of the trip shown in Buson s illustration Citations edit a b c d e f g Miyamoto 1986 p 1125 a b c d Shida 1943 pp 3 11 a b Matsuo 1977 p 208 ja 国指定文化財等データベース 1978 ja 奥の細道曽良随行日記 自筆本 a b c d e Sugiura 1958 pp 185 206 a b c d e Sugiura 1957 pp 426 427 sfn error no target CITEREFSugiura1957 help Okada 1991 p 107 Keene 2011 pp 494 496 Toyama Science Museum 2007 ja 曾良随行日記の時刻 Okada 1991 pp 35 38 a b c d Ueno 1995 pp 515 516 Sugiura 1958 pp 112 185 Muramatsu 1988 pp 6 10 Hisatomi 1980 pp 350 351 a b Muramatsu 1988 pp 324 326 Muramatsu 1977 pp 433 435 Nakazato 1967 pp 104 105 a b Yamamoto 1943 pp 12 15 Muramatsu 1988 pp 88 92 a b Muramatsu 1988 pp 52 57 Sakurai 1997 pp 217 223 Higuchi 1923 pp 130 151 Kuriyama 1977 pp 69 70 Shida 1946 pp 1 15 Shiraishi 1969 pp 132 140 Kanamori 2013 367 369 Kanamori 2013 1 5 References editBooks edit Higuchi Kō 1923 07 18 Bashō Kenkyu 芭蕉研究 in Japanese Bunken shoin p 436 Kanamori Atsuko 2013 09 09 Sora Tabi Nikki wo yomu Mō Hitotsu no Oku no Hosomichi 曽良旅日記 を読む もうひとつの おくのほそ道 Reading the Sora s travel diary another Oku no Hosomichi in Japanese Hosei University Press p 369 ISBN 978 4 588 32507 6 Kawai Sora 1943 07 30 Yasuzaburō Yamamoto ed Sora Oku no Hosomichi zuikō Nikki Hu Genroku 4 nen Nikki 曽良 奥の細道随行日記 附 元禄四年日記 Diary of Sora who accompanied Basho with the 1791 Diary in Japanese Shida Gisyu Ogawa Shobo p 283 Keene Donald 2011 10 12 Hyakutai no Kakaku Nikki ni miru Nihon jin 百代の過客 日記にみる日本人 Travelers of a Hundred Ages The Japanese As Revealed Through 1 000 Years of Diaries in Japanese translated by Kanaseki Hisao Kodansha Ltd p 633 ISBN 978 4 06 292078 0 Kuriyama Riichi Imoto Nōichi Nakamura Shunjō 1977 03 01 Bashō 芭蕉 Kokugo Kokubungaku Kenkyu Taisei in Japanese vol 12 Sanseido Co Ltd p 630 Muramatsu Tomotsugu 1977 05 30 Bashō no Sakuhin to Denki no Kenkyu Shin shiryō ni yoru 芭蕉の作品と伝記の研究 新資料による Studies on the works and life of Basho based on new findings in Japanese Kasama Shoin p 897 ISBN 4 305 40037 5 Muramatsu Tomotsugu 1988 02 29 Sora hon Oku no Hosomichi no Kenkyu 曽良本 おくのほそ道 の研究 Studies on Oku no Hosomichi based on the Sora s manuscript copy in Japanese Kasama Shoin p 395 ISBN 4 305 70148 0 Okada Kisyu 1991 12 10 Tabibito Sora to Bashō 旅人 曾良と芭蕉 Travellers Sora and Basho in Japanese Kawade Shobo Shinsha Publishers inc p 302 ISBN 4 309 00725 2 Sakurai Takejirō 1997 10 12 Bashō Jihitsu Oku no Hosomichi no Tenmatsu 芭蕉自筆 奥の細道 の顛末 in Japanese PHP Institute Inc p 238 ISBN 4 569 55708 2 Shida Gisyu 1946 04 25 Bashō Tembō 芭蕉展望 Outlook on Basho in Japanese Nihon Hyoronsya p 212 Shiraishi Teizō 1969 11 25 The prospect of Oku no Hosomichi Bashō 芭蕉 in Japanese Yuseidō p 312 Sugiura Shōichirō 1958 09 20 Bashō Kenkyu 芭蕉研究 Studies on Bashō in Japanese Iwanami Shoten Publishers p 487 Hisatomi Tetsuo 1980 01 10 Oku no Hosomichi おくのほそ道 in Japanese Kodansha Ltd p 360 ISBN 4 06 158452 9 Ueno Yōzō 1986 10 05 Bashō Ron 芭蕉論 in Japanese Chikuma Shobo Publishers p 362 ISBN 4 480 82219 4 Encyclopedias edit Ueno Yōzō Ogata Tsutomu Kusama Tokihiko Shimazu Tadao Oooka Makoto Morikawa Akira 1995 10 27 ja 曾良旅日記 in Katō Shuson Ootani Tokuzō Imoto Nōichi eds Haibungaku Daijiten 俳文学大辞典 Encyclopedia of Haibungaku in Japanese Kadokawa Shoten Co Ltd p 1184 ISBN 4 04 022700 X Sugiura Shōichirō Hisatomi Tetsuo 1957 07 10 ja 曾良旅日記 in Ijichi Tetsuo Imoto Nōichi Kanda Hideo Nakamura Shunjō Miyamoto Saburō eds Haikai Daijiten 俳諧大辞典 in Japanese 明治書院 p 1008 ISBN 4 625 40005 8 Matsuo Yasuaki 1977 05 30 ja 曾良旅日記 Haiku Jiten Kinsei 俳句辞典 近世 Encyclopedia of Haiku Kinsei in Japanese Oufusha p 559 ISBN 4 273 00322 8 Miyamoto Saburō 1986 12 02 ja 曾良旅日記 Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten 日本古典文学大辞典 Encyclopedia of Japanese Classics in Japanese Iwanami Shoten Publishers p 2026 ISBN 4 00 080067 1 Journals edit Sugiura Shōichirō 1951 11 01 Sora no Oku no Hosomichi Zuikō Nikki wo Megurite 曾良の 奥の細道随行日記 をめぐりて ja 連歌俳諧研究 in Japanese 1 1 ja 俳文學會 57 61 Nakazato Shigekichi 1967 11 10 Oku no Hosomichi wo Tooshite Mita Kikō Bungaku no Seikaku おくのほそ道 を通して見た紀行文学の性格 The Characteristics Kiko Bungaku in the Okunohosomichi Chuō gakuin daigaku ronsō Ippan kyōiku kankei in Japanese 2 1 Chuo Gakuin University 89 109 ISSN 0286 5726 Web pages edit ja 国指定文化財等データベース 1978 06 15 Oku no Hosomichi Sora Zuikō Nikki Jihitsu Bon 奥の細道曽良随行日記 自筆本 in Japanese The Agency for Cultural Affairs retrieved 2012 06 04 Toyama Science Museum 2007 07 12 Sora Zuikō Nikki no JIkoku 曾良随行日記の時刻 in Japanese Toyama Science Museum retrieved 2012 06 26 Itō yō 2010 09 27 Sora Oku no Hosomichi Zuikō Nikki 曾良 奥の細道随行日記 in Japanese ja 芭蕉 bashoDB retrieved 2012 06 04 ja おくのほそ道文学館 2000 12 26 Honkoku Hon Sora Oku no Hosomichi Zuikō Nikki 翻刻本 曽良 奥の細道随行日記 in Japanese LAP Edc SOFT retrieved 2012 06 26 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sora 27s Diary amp oldid 1110120799, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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