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Soko J-21 Jastreb

December 18, 2023

For other uses, see J21.

The Soko J-21 Jastreb (from Serbian Cyrillic: јастреб, lit. 'hawk'), referred to as the J-1 Jastreb in some sources, is a Yugoslav single-seat, single-engine, light attack aircraft, designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute (ATI) and Vojnotehnički Institut Beograd (VTI), in Belgrade and manufactured by SOKO in Mostar. Derived from the G-2 Galeb advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft, it was designed in single-seat ground-attack and two-seat advanced flying / weapon training versions.

J-21 Jastreb
Role Light attack aircraft
Manufacturer SOKO
Designer Aeronautical Technical Institute (ATI)
First flight 19 July 1965
Status Retired from Republika Srpska Air Force (2006)
Primary user Yugoslav Air Force
Produced 1968–1977
Number built 224
Developed from Soko G-2 Galeb

Design and development edit

The J-21 Jastreb was developed as a replacement for the Republic F-84 Thunderjet, which had been the most commonly used turbojet fighter-bomber aircraft of the Yugoslav Air Force until 1967. On the basis of the G-2 Galeb, the J-21 Jastreb was developed as a single seat ground attack variant, flying for the first time on 19 July 1965.

Pilots sit on licence-built Folland Type 1-B ejection seats under individual canopies hinged on the starboard side in un-pressurised cockpits. Instruments and controls are entirely conventional with manually operated flying controls and standard flight instruments.

Powered by a single BWB licence-built Rolls-Royce Viper Mk531 the Jastreb has a conventional aluminium alloy stressed skin structure with few or no special features. The relatively thick aerofoil section, though limiting performance, provides room for fuel cells and the retracted main undercarriage which retracts inwards, giving the Jastreb a wide track and imbuing it with excellent ground handling characteristics. The levered undercarriage legs and relatively low pressure tyres allow the Jastreb to operate from un-prepared strips or rough surfaced airfields.

Compared to the Galeb, the Jastreb has a strengthened structure, allowing more weapons to be carried, including three 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Browning AN/M3 machine guns with 135 rpg, mounted in the nose of the aircraft. As well as the nose-mounted guns, the Jastreb is able to carry up to 800 kg (1,800 lb) on under-wing pylons, two inner pylons having a capacity of 250 kg (550 lb) for bombs, rocket launchers and additional tanks, while the six outer pylons can carry VRZ-157 127 mm (5.00 in) rockets.

Operational history edit

The J-21 entered service with the JRV (Yugoslavian Air Force) on 31 December 1968, with very few, if any, remaining in service.

First Congo War edit

Further information: First Congo War
 
A sketch of a Zairean Air Force Jastreb that was flown by the Serbian mercenaries, sporting the camouflage of now-defunct Yugoslav Air Force, with insignia erased to avoid confusion.

According to some reports, France and Yugoslavia supported Mobutu's government during the First Congo War.[citation needed] Namely, Yugoslavia agreed to deliver three J-21 and a single G-2 aircraft, as well as four MiG-21PFMs, while three Mi-24s were purchased from Ukraine. All these aircraft were based at Gbadolite and flown mainly by Serbian mercenaries.[1]

A Yugoslavian pilot, Ratko Turčinović, was killed while flying an ultra-low-level pass over Gbadolite, clipping a lamp post with his wing. The wreckage of his aircraft fell directly into a column of young soldiers on a parade, killing dozens. The accident is reported as being attributed to Turčinović's alcohol dependency.[1]

Soon after the accident, the Yugoslavian staff were expelled from the DRC and the Jastrebs were abandoned along with the Galebs. MiG-21s and Mi-24s, awaiting assembly by Russian or Ukrainian technicians at Gbadolite, were also abandoned and can still be seen on the ramp at Gbadolite (2013).[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Bosnia and Herzegovina edit

Six J-21 Jastrebs of the Republika Srpska Air Force were engaged by USAF F-16s during Operation Deny Flight for violating the NATO-enforced no-fly-zone, in what is known as the Banja Luka incident. The USAF claimed four J-21s shot down by F-16s, while the Serbs claimed five Jastrebs as lost. The discrepancy likely stems from a damaged Jastreb crashing near the airfield after the F-16s had departed.

On 15 November, during the Battle of the Dalmatian Channels, at 9:28 a.m. three Yugoslav Air Force J-21 Jastrebs flew low over Brač and Šolta; minutes later, two were reportedly shot down by anti-aircraft artillery. Six Yugoslav jets were sortied against targets on Brač and Šolta.

Variants edit

J-21 Jastreb
Single-seat ground-attack, reconnaissance aircraft.
J-21E Jastreb
Export version of the J-1.
RJ-21 Jastreb
Single-seat tactical reconnaissance aircraft.
RJ-21E Jastreb
Export version of the RJ-1.
NJ-21
Two-seat advanced flying trainer / weapons trainer / light ground attack aircraft.

Former operators edit

  Republika Srpska
  • operated 12 J-21 for training and for ground attack,
  Libyan Jamahiriya
  Yugoslavia
  Zaire
  Zambia
  Libya

Aircraft on display edit

Serbia edit

J-21/RJ-21
The original prototype and over 31 J-21s are located at the Museum of Aviation in Belgrade.[9]

Specifications (J-21 Jastreb) edit

 
Line drawing of J-1 Jastreb

Data from [10]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 10.88 m (35 ft 8 in)
  • Wingspan: 10.56 m (34 ft 8 in)
  • Height: 3.64 m (11 ft 11 in)
  • Wing area: 19.43 m2 (209.1 sq ft)
  • Max takeoff weight: 5,100 kg (11,244 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 440 kg (970 lb) internal fuel + 435 kg (959 lb) in 2x 275 L (60 imp gal; 73 US gal) jettisonable wing-tip fuel tanks.
  • Powerplant: 1 × BMB (Rolls-Royce/Bristol Siddeley) Viper Mk 531 turbojet engine, 13.32 kN (2,990 lbf) thrust
  • Powerplant: 2 × JATO units solid-fuelled rockets, 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf) thrust each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 820 km/h (510 mph, 440 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 740 km/h (460 mph, 400 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
  • Range: 1,520 km (940 mi, 820 nmi) with tip tanks
  • Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,000 ft)
  • g limits: +8 -4
  • Rate of climb: 21 m/s (4,100 ft/min)

Armament

  • Guns: 3 × 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Browning AN/M3 machine guns
  • Hardpoints: 8 with a capacity of inboard pylons (2 of) 250 kg (550 lb), outboard pylons (6 of) 50 kg (110 lb), with provisions to carry combinations of:
    • Other:
  • 2 × 150 L (33 imp gal; 40 US gal) napalm tank
  • 2 × rocket pods each with 12x 55 mm (2.17 in) rockets
  • Rockets: 6 × VRZ-157 127 mm (5.00 in) rockets
  • Bombs:
  • 2 × 250 kg (550 lb) general-purpose bombs or
  • 2 × 150 kg (330 lb) cluster bombs or
  • 2 × 120 kg (260 lb) cluster fragmentation bombs

Avionics
K-14C or K-14A gun sight

See also edit

Related development

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soko J-21 Jastreb.
  1. ^ a b Cooper, Tom; Weinert, Pit; Kyzer, Jonathan; Grandolini, Albert. . acig.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  2. ^ http://airserbia.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1561[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ "Le contrôle". Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  4. ^ "Mi 24 bis". Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  5. ^ "Mil MI 24 Hind". Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  6. ^ "Nez pointu". Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  7. ^ "MIG 21 bis". Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  8. ^ "Soko J-21 Jastreb". Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  9. ^ "Muzej Yugoslovenskog Ratnog Vazduhoplovstva: Museum of the Yugoslav Air Force". Aviation Museum. 12 August 2009.
  10. ^ J-1 Jastreb (Hawk) Vojska.net

December 18, 2023
soko, jastreb, other, uses, from, serbian, cyrillic, јастреб, hawk, referred, jastreb, some, sources, yugoslav, single, seat, single, engine, light, attack, aircraft, designed, aeronautical, technical, institute, vojnotehnički, institut, beograd, belgrade, man. For other uses see J21 The Soko J 21 Jastreb from Serbian Cyrillic јastreb lit hawk referred to as the J 1 Jastreb in some sources is a Yugoslav single seat single engine light attack aircraft designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute ATI and Vojnotehnicki Institut Beograd VTI in Belgrade and manufactured by SOKO in Mostar Derived from the G 2 Galeb advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft it was designed in single seat ground attack and two seat advanced flying weapon training versions J 21 JastrebRole Light attack aircraftManufacturer SOKODesigner Aeronautical Technical Institute ATI First flight 19 July 1965Status Retired from Republika Srpska Air Force 2006 Primary user Yugoslav Air ForceProduced 1968 1977Number built 224Developed from Soko G 2 Galeb Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 2 1 First Congo War 2 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Variants 3 1 Former operators 4 Aircraft on display 4 1 Serbia 5 Specifications J 21 Jastreb 6 See also 7 ReferencesDesign and development editThe J 21 Jastreb was developed as a replacement for the Republic F 84 Thunderjet which had been the most commonly used turbojet fighter bomber aircraft of the Yugoslav Air Force until 1967 On the basis of the G 2 Galeb the J 21 Jastreb was developed as a single seat ground attack variant flying for the first time on 19 July 1965 Pilots sit on licence built Folland Type 1 B ejection seats under individual canopies hinged on the starboard side in un pressurised cockpits Instruments and controls are entirely conventional with manually operated flying controls and standard flight instruments Powered by a single BWB licence built Rolls Royce Viper Mk531 the Jastreb has a conventional aluminium alloy stressed skin structure with few or no special features The relatively thick aerofoil section though limiting performance provides room for fuel cells and the retracted main undercarriage which retracts inwards giving the Jastreb a wide track and imbuing it with excellent ground handling characteristics The levered undercarriage legs and relatively low pressure tyres allow the Jastreb to operate from un prepared strips or rough surfaced airfields Compared to the Galeb the Jastreb has a strengthened structure allowing more weapons to be carried including three 12 7 mm 0 5 in Browning AN M3 machine guns with 135 rpg mounted in the nose of the aircraft As well as the nose mounted guns the Jastreb is able to carry up to 800 kg 1 800 lb on under wing pylons two inner pylons having a capacity of 250 kg 550 lb for bombs rocket launchers and additional tanks while the six outer pylons can carry VRZ 157 127 mm 5 00 in rockets Operational history editThe J 21 entered service with the JRV Yugoslavian Air Force on 31 December 1968 with very few if any remaining in service First Congo War edit Further information First Congo War nbsp A sketch of a Zairean Air Force Jastreb that was flown by the Serbian mercenaries sporting the camouflage of now defunct Yugoslav Air Force with insignia erased to avoid confusion According to some reports France and Yugoslavia supported Mobutu s government during the First Congo War citation needed Namely Yugoslavia agreed to deliver three J 21 and a single G 2 aircraft as well as four MiG 21PFMs while three Mi 24s were purchased from Ukraine All these aircraft were based at Gbadolite and flown mainly by Serbian mercenaries 1 A Yugoslavian pilot Ratko Turcinovic was killed while flying an ultra low level pass over Gbadolite clipping a lamp post with his wing The wreckage of his aircraft fell directly into a column of young soldiers on a parade killing dozens The accident is reported as being attributed to Turcinovic s alcohol dependency 1 Soon after the accident the Yugoslavian staff were expelled from the DRC and the Jastrebs were abandoned along with the Galebs MiG 21s and Mi 24s awaiting assembly by Russian or Ukrainian technicians at Gbadolite were also abandoned and can still be seen on the ramp at Gbadolite 2013 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bosnia and Herzegovina edit Six J 21 Jastrebs of the Republika Srpska Air Force were engaged by USAF F 16s during Operation Deny Flight for violating the NATO enforced no fly zone in what is known as the Banja Luka incident The USAF claimed four J 21s shot down by F 16s while the Serbs claimed five Jastrebs as lost The discrepancy likely stems from a damaged Jastreb crashing near the airfield after the F 16s had departed On 15 November during the Battle of the Dalmatian Channels at 9 28 a m three Yugoslav Air Force J 21 Jastrebs flew low over Brac and Solta minutes later two were reportedly shot down by anti aircraft artillery Six Yugoslav jets were sortied against targets on Brac and Solta Variants editJ 21 Jastreb Single seat ground attack reconnaissance aircraft J 21E Jastreb Export version of the J 1 RJ 21 Jastreb Single seat tactical reconnaissance aircraft RJ 21E Jastreb Export version of the RJ 1 NJ 21 Two seat advanced flying trainer weapons trainer light ground attack aircraft Former operators edit nbsp Republika Srpskaoperated 12 J 21 for training and for ground attack nbsp Libyan JamahiriyaLibyan Air Force nbsp YugoslaviaYugoslav Air Force nbsp ZaireZaire Air Force nbsp ZambiaZambia Air Force nbsp LibyaFree Libyan Air ForceAircraft on display editSerbia edit J 21 RJ 21 The original prototype and over 31 J 21s are located at the Museum of Aviation in Belgrade 9 Specifications J 21 Jastreb edit nbsp Line drawing of J 1 JastrebData from 10 General characteristicsCrew 1 Length 10 88 m 35 ft 8 in Wingspan 10 56 m 34 ft 8 in Height 3 64 m 11 ft 11 in Wing area 19 43 m2 209 1 sq ft Max takeoff weight 5 100 kg 11 244 lb Fuel capacity 440 kg 970 lb internal fuel 435 kg 959 lb in 2x 275 L 60 imp gal 73 US gal jettisonable wing tip fuel tanks Powerplant 1 BMB Rolls Royce Bristol Siddeley Viper Mk 531 turbojet engine 13 32 kN 2 990 lbf thrust Powerplant 2 JATO units solid fuelled rockets 4 45 kN 1 000 lbf thrust eachPerformance Maximum speed 820 km h 510 mph 440 kn Cruise speed 740 km h 460 mph 400 kn at 5 000 m 16 000 ft Range 1 520 km 940 mi 820 nmi with tip tanks Service ceiling 12 000 m 39 000 ft g limits 8 4 Rate of climb 21 m s 4 100 ft min Armament Guns 3 12 7 mm 0 5 in Browning AN M3 machine guns Hardpoints 8 with a capacity of inboard pylons 2 of 250 kg 550 lb outboard pylons 6 of 50 kg 110 lb with provisions to carry combinations of Other 2 150 L 33 imp gal 40 US gal napalm tank 2 rocket pods each with 12x 55 mm 2 17 in rockets Rockets 6 VRZ 157 127 mm 5 00 in rockets Bombs 2 250 kg 550 lb general purpose bombs or 2 150 kg 330 lb cluster bombs or 2 120 kg 260 lb cluster fragmentation bombsAvionics K 14C or K 14A gun sightSee also edit nbsp Aviation portalIkarus 452MRelated development Soko G 2 GalebReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soko J 21 Jastreb a b Cooper Tom Weinert Pit Kyzer Jonathan Grandolini Albert Zaire DR Congo 1980 2001 acig org Archived from the original on February 6 2015 Retrieved 27 December 2015 http airserbia com forum viewtopic php t 1561 permanent dead link Le controle Retrieved 27 December 2015 Mi 24 bis Retrieved 27 December 2015 Mil MI 24 Hind Retrieved 27 December 2015 Nez pointu Retrieved 27 December 2015 MIG 21 bis Retrieved 27 December 2015 Soko J 21 Jastreb Retrieved 27 December 2015 Muzej Yugoslovenskog Ratnog Vazduhoplovstva Museum of the Yugoslav Air Force Aviation Museum 12 August 2009 J 1 Jastreb Hawk Vojska net Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Soko J 21 Jastreb amp oldid 1189967125, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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