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Armstrong Siddeley Viper

December 30, 2022

The Armstrong Siddeley Viper is a British turbojet engine developed and produced by Armstrong Siddeley and then by its successor companies Bristol Siddeley and Rolls-Royce Limited. It entered service in 1953 and remained in use with the Royal Air Force, powering its Dominie T1 navigation training aircraft until January 2011.[1]

Viper
Preserved Rolls-Royce Viper turbojet
Type Turbojet
Manufacturer Armstrong Siddeley
Rolls-Royce Limited
First run April 1951
Major applications BAC Jet Provost
HS Dominie
Aermacchi MB-326
Developed from Armstrong Siddeley Adder

Design and development

The design originally featured a seven-stage compressor based on their Adder engine — the Viper is in effect a large-scale Adder.

Like the similar J85 built in United States, the Viper was originally developed as an expendable engine for production versions of the Jindivik target drone. Like the J85, the limited-life components and total-loss oil systems were replaced with standard systems for use in crewed aircraft.[2]

Because it was initially developed as an expendable engine, the Viper was subject to many recurring maintenance issues. This led to the development of the first Power by the Hour program in which operators would pay a fixed hourly rate to Bristol Siddeley for the continual maintenance of the engines.[3]

In the 1970s, Turbomecanica Bucharest and Orao Sarajevo acquired the license for the Viper engine, which propelled various Romanian and Yugoslav built aircraft.[4][5]

Variants

 
Rolls-Royce Viper in RAF Museum Cosford

Data from:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56,[6] Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1959-60,[7] Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63[8]

ASV.1
Short life design study; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN).
ASV.2
Developed short life version, first run in April 1951; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN).
ASV.3
(Mk.100) Short life for missile/target applications, flight-tested in the tail of an Avro Lancaster November 1952; 1,640 lbf (7.30 kN).
ASV.4
Short life for missile/target applications first run in 1952, 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN).
ASV.5
(Mk. 101) Extended life version for crewed aircraft.[6]
ASV.6
Short life for missile/target applications; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN).
ASV.7
ASV.7/R
ASV.7 with re-heat;2,470 lbf (10.99 kN).
ASV.8
(became Viper 8 and Mk.102); Long-life version rated at 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN) for Jet Provost T Mk.3.
ASV.9
(became Viper 9 and Mk.103) Similar to ASV.8 with improved turbine materials; 2,000 lbf (8.90 kN).
ASV.10
Long-life version with re-designed Sapphire-style compressor first run in January 1956; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN).
ASV.11
(became Viper 11 and Mk.200) ASV.10 with increased mass-flow; 2,500 lbf (11.12 kN).
ASV.12
(became Viper 12) up-rated ASV.11 with higher JPT and rated at 2,700 lbf (12.01 kN)
Viper 8
(Mk.102 / Mk.104): Engines for the Hunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.3 (Mk.102) and GAF Jindivik Mk.102B target drone (Mk.104).
Viper 9
(Mk.103): Powered the Bell X-14 and Handley Page HP 115 among others.
Viper 11
(Mk.200): Powered the Hunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.4(Mk202) and GAF Jindivik Mk.3 among others.
Viper 12
see ASV.12 above
Viper 20
(Mk.500 series): Powered the Hawker Siddeley HS.125 and Piaggio-Douglas PD.808 among others.
Viper 22
Built under licence by Piaggio for the Aermacchi MB.326
Mk.100
see ASV.3 above
Mk.101
see ASV.5 above
Mk.102
see ASV.8 above
Mk.103
see ASV.9 and Viper 9 above
Mk.104
see ASV.12 above
Mk.200
Mk.201
Mk.202
Mk.204
Mk.301
Mk.521
Mk.522
Mk.525
Mk.601
Mk.632
Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the non-afterburning engine for the IAR-93 Vultur A/MB versions, Soko J-22 Orao 1 version, IAR-99 Standard/Șoim versions, and Soko G-4 Super Galeb.
Mk.633
Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the afterburning engine for the IAR-93 Vultur B version, and Soko J-22 Orao 2 version.
M.D.30 Viper
Engines licence-built and developed by Dassault Aviation[6][9]
M.D.30R Viper
2,200 lbf (9.8 kN) with afterburner.[10]

Applications

Specifications (Viper ASV.12)

Data from [11]

General characteristics

  • Type: Turbojet
  • Length: 64.0 in (1,625 mm)
  • Diameter: 24.55 in (624 mm)
  • Dry weight: 549 lb (249 kg)

Components

  • Compressor: Seven stage axial
  • Combustors: Annular, 24 burners
  • Turbine: Single stage
  • Fuel type: AVTUR, AVTAG
  • Oil system: scavenge, metered

Performance

See also

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ Dominie T1 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved: 14 October 2009
  2. ^ Gunston 1989, p.20.
  3. ^ "Selling the DH125". Flight Global.
  4. ^ About Turbomecanica
  5. ^ INCAS - IAR 93 and SOKO /VTJ - J - ORAO Specifications
  6. ^ a b c Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1955). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
  7. ^ Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1959). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1959-60. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd.
  8. ^ Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
  9. ^ Wilkinson, Paul H. (1957). Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 186–187.
  10. ^ Wilkinson, Paul H. (1957). Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 188–189.
  11. ^ Flight Global Archive - 1955 Retrieved: 3 November 2008

Bibliography

  • Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
  • Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9
  • Smith, Tom. "Expendable to Indispensable: The Story of a Classic Turbojet - The Viper". Air Enthusiast, No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 37–55. ISSN 0143-5450

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bristol Siddeley Viper.


    December 30, 2022
    armstrong, siddeley, viper, british, turbojet, engine, developed, produced, armstrong, siddeley, then, successor, companies, bristol, siddeley, rolls, royce, limited, entered, service, 1953, remained, with, royal, force, powering, dominie, navigation, training. The Armstrong Siddeley Viper is a British turbojet engine developed and produced by Armstrong Siddeley and then by its successor companies Bristol Siddeley and Rolls Royce Limited It entered service in 1953 and remained in use with the Royal Air Force powering its Dominie T1 navigation training aircraft until January 2011 1 ViperPreserved Rolls Royce Viper turbojetType TurbojetManufacturer Armstrong SiddeleyRolls Royce LimitedFirst run April 1951Major applications BAC Jet ProvostHS DominieAermacchi MB 326Developed from Armstrong Siddeley Adder Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Applications 4 Specifications Viper ASV 12 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Bibliography 7 External linksDesign and development EditThe design originally featured a seven stage compressor based on their Adder engine the Viper is in effect a large scale Adder Like the similar J85 built in United States the Viper was originally developed as an expendable engine for production versions of the Jindivik target drone Like the J85 the limited life components and total loss oil systems were replaced with standard systems for use in crewed aircraft 2 Because it was initially developed as an expendable engine the Viper was subject to many recurring maintenance issues This led to the development of the first Power by the Hour program in which operators would pay a fixed hourly rate to Bristol Siddeley for the continual maintenance of the engines 3 In the 1970s Turbomecanica Bucharest and Orao Sarajevo acquired the license for the Viper engine which propelled various Romanian and Yugoslav built aircraft 4 5 Variants Edit Rolls Royce Viper in RAF Museum Cosford Data from Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1955 56 6 Jane s all the World s Aircraft 1959 60 7 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1962 63 8 ASV 1 Short life design study 1 145 lbf 5 09 kN ASV 2 Developed short life version first run in April 1951 1 145 lbf 5 09 kN ASV 3 Mk 100 Short life for missile target applications flight tested in the tail of an Avro Lancaster November 1952 1 640 lbf 7 30 kN ASV 4 Short life for missile target applications first run in 1952 1 750 lbf 7 78 kN ASV 5 Mk 101 Extended life version for crewed aircraft 6 ASV 6 Short life for missile target applications 1 900 lbf 8 45 kN ASV 7 ASV 7 R ASV 7 with re heat 2 470 lbf 10 99 kN ASV 8 became Viper 8 and Mk 102 Long life version rated at 1 750 lbf 7 78 kN for Jet Provost T Mk 3 ASV 9 became Viper 9 and Mk 103 Similar to ASV 8 with improved turbine materials 2 000 lbf 8 90 kN ASV 10 Long life version with re designed Sapphire style compressor first run in January 1956 1 900 lbf 8 45 kN ASV 11 became Viper 11 and Mk 200 ASV 10 with increased mass flow 2 500 lbf 11 12 kN ASV 12 became Viper 12 up rated ASV 11 with higher JPT and rated at 2 700 lbf 12 01 kN Viper 8 Mk 102 Mk 104 Engines for the Hunting Percival Jet Provost TMk 3 Mk 102 and GAF Jindivik Mk 102B target drone Mk 104 Viper 9 Mk 103 Powered the Bell X 14 and Handley Page HP 115 among others Viper 11 Mk 200 Powered the Hunting Percival Jet Provost TMk 4 Mk202 and GAF Jindivik Mk 3 among others Viper 12 see ASV 12 above Viper 20 Mk 500 series Powered the Hawker Siddeley HS 125 and Piaggio Douglas PD 808 among others Viper 22 Built under licence by Piaggio for the Aermacchi MB 326 Mk 100 see ASV 3 above Mk 101 see ASV 5 above Mk 102 see ASV 8 above Mk 103 see ASV 9 and Viper 9 above Mk 104 see ASV 12 above Mk 200 Mk 201 Mk 202 Mk 204 Mk 301 Mk 521 Mk 522 Mk 525 Mk 601 Mk 632 Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao as the non afterburning engine for the IAR 93 Vultur A MB versions Soko J 22 Orao 1 version IAR 99 Standard Șoim versions and Soko G 4 Super Galeb Mk 633 Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao as the afterburning engine for the IAR 93 Vultur B version and Soko J 22 Orao 2 version M D 30 Viper Engines licence built and developed by Dassault Aviation 6 9 M D 30R Viper 2 200 lbf 9 8 kN with afterburner 10 Applications EditAermacchi MB 339 Aermacchi MB 326 Aero L 29 Delfin prototype only Atlas Aircraft Impala Avro Shackleton BAC Jet Provost BAC Strikemaster Bell X 14 Blue Origin Charon Dassault M D 550 Mystere Delta Embraer AT 26 Xavante Folland Midge GAF Jindivik Hawker Siddeley Dominie Handley Page HP 115 IAR 99 Piaggio PD 808 Saunders Roe SR 53 Soko J 22 Orao IAR 93 Vultur Soko G 2 Galeb Soko G 4 Super GalebSpecifications Viper ASV 12 EditData from 11 General characteristics Type Turbojet Length 64 0 in 1 625 mm Diameter 24 55 in 624 mm Dry weight 549 lb 249 kg Components Compressor Seven stage axial Combustors Annular 24 burners Turbine Single stage Fuel type AVTUR AVTAG Oil system scavenge meteredPerformance Maximum thrust 2 700 lbf 12 kN at 13 800 rpm Overall pressure ratio 4 3 1 Air mass flow 44 lb s 20 kg s Specific fuel consumption 1 09 lb hr lbf Oil consumption 1 25 pt h 0 7 L h Thrust to weight ratio 4 9See also EditRelated development Armstrong Siddeley Adder Armstrong Siddeley SapphireComparable engines General Electric J85 Motorlet M 701 Turbomeca GabizoRelated lists List of aircraft enginesReferences EditNotes Edit Dominie T1 Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine www raf mod uk Retrieved 14 October 2009 Gunston 1989 p 20 Selling the DH125 Flight Global About Turbomecanica INCAS IAR 93 and SOKO VTJ J ORAO Specifications a b c Taylor John W R FRHistS ARAeS 1955 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1955 56 London Sampson Low Marston amp Co Ltd Bridgman Leonard ed 1959 Jane s all the World s Aircraft 1959 60 London Sampson Low Marston amp Co Ltd Taylor John W R FRHistS ARAeS 1962 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1962 63 London Sampson Low Marston amp Co Ltd Wilkinson Paul H 1957 Aircraft engines of the World 1957 15th ed London Sir Isaac Pitman amp Sons Ltd pp 186 187 Wilkinson Paul H 1957 Aircraft engines of the World 1957 15th ed London Sir Isaac Pitman amp Sons Ltd pp 188 189 Flight Global Archive 1955 Retrieved 3 November 2008 Bibliography Edit Taylor John W R FRHistS ARAeS 1962 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1962 63 London Sampson Low Marston amp Co Ltd Gunston Bill World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines Cambridge England Patrick Stephens Limited 1989 ISBN 1 85260 163 9 Smith Tom Expendable to Indispensable The Story of a Classic Turbojet The Viper Air Enthusiast No 55 Autumn 1994 pp 37 55 ISSN 0143 5450External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bristol Siddeley Viper Rolls Royce Viper Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Armstrong Siddeley Viper amp oldid 1111410725, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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