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Social movement organization

January 01, 1970

A social movement organization (SMO) is an organized component of a social movement.

SMOs are generally seen as the components of a social movement. The movement's goals can be much more narrow, or much broader, than the SMOs' goals.

Description edit

The term SMO entered literature through the work of Mayer N. Zald and Roberta Ash (Zald, Mayer N. and Roberta Ash, Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change. Social Forces 44:327-341, 1966).[1] In social movement theory, a social movement organization is an organized component of a social movement (SM). An SMO is usually only a part of a particular social movement; in other words, a specific social movement is usually composed of many social movement organizations – formal organizations that share the movement's goals.[2] Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in social movements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider social movement community. Social movement organizations carry out the tasks that are necessary for any social movement to survive and to be successful.

Examples edit

The civil rights movement was a social movement composed of specific social movement organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).[2] These are just three SMOs amongst the hundreds of organizations that helped shape the civil rights movement.

Similarly we can consider Veganism, where organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) advocate for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. But PETA is not the only group to advocate for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end.[3] Thus, the social movement is the general push toward veganism (an effort with numerous motivations) and PETA is only a single SMO working within the broader social movement.[3]

The peace movement is composed of many groups that want peace – groups that classify as SMOs such as Peace Action (SANE/FREEZE), Fellowship of Reconciliation and others.[4] The Ku Klux Klan is yet another SMO – part of the white supremacist movement.[5] Al-Qaeda, acting as a coordinating body for a large number of loosely connected anti-American organizations and individuals, is another example of a social movement organization.

Social Movement Industry (SMI) edit

An organizational equivalent of a particular social movement – a collection of all SMOs focused on a given field – is known as a Social Movement Industry (SMI).[2] Social Movement Industries are similar to social movements in scope but are seen as having more structure.[6] Social movement industries can be combined into one Social Movement Sector in the society.[7]

See also edit

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Morris Rosenberg; Ralph H. Turner; American Sociological Association. Section on Social Psychology (1981). Social psychology: sociological perspectives. Basic Books, Inc. p. 464. ISBN 978-0-465-07904-9. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  2. ^ a b c Mayer N. Zald, John D. McCarthy, Social Movements in an Organizational Society: Collected Essays, Transaction Publishers, 1997, ISBN 0-88738-802-7, Google Print, p. 21
  3. ^ a b Maurer, Donna. 2002. Vegetarianism: Movement or Moment? Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-936-X
  4. ^ Melvin F. Hall, Poor People's Social Movement Organizations: The Goal is to Win, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995, ISBN 0-275-94704-1, Google Print, p.6
  5. ^ John Lofland, Social Movement Organizations: Guide to Research on Insurgent Realities, Aldine Transaction, 1996, ISBN 0-202-30553-8, Google Print, p.1
  6. ^ Kevin Michael DeLuca, Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism, Routledge, 2005, ISBN 0-8058-5848-2, Google Print, p.30
  7. ^ Suzanne Staggenborg, The Pro-choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict, Oxford University Press US, 1994 ISBN 0-19-508925-1, Google Print, p. 189

Bibliography edit

  • Crabtree, Charity. "Where Culture, Structure, and the Individual Meet: A Social Movement Organization in Action" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Marriott Hotel, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 12, 2005 Online
  • Jo Freeman, A Model for Analyzing the Strategic Options of Social Movement Organizations, n The Dynamics of Social Movements ed. by Mayer N. Zald and John D. McCarthy, Cambridge, Mass.: Winthrop Publishers, 1979, pp. 167–189. Revised edition online.
  • Jo Freeman, CRISES AND CONFLICTS IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS, Chrysalis: A Magazine of Women's Culture, No. 5, 1978, pp. 43–51.
  • Manuel Hensmans, Social Movement Organizations: A Metaphor for Strategic Actors in Institutional Fields, Organization Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3, 355-381 (2003) SAGE
  • Jeff Goodwin, James M. Jasper, The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts, Blackwell Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-631-22196-4
  • Mayer N. Zald and Roberta Ash, Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change, Social Forces, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Mar., 1996), pp. 327–341, JSTOR
  • Zald, Mayer N. and McCarthy, John D., Social Movement Industries: Competition and Cooperation Among Movement Organizations, 1979, working paper, [1]

External links edit

  • Policy Guide: Studying a Social Movement Organization

January 01, 1970
social, movement, organization, social, movement, organization, organized, component, social, movement, smos, generally, seen, components, social, movement, movement, goals, much, more, narrow, much, broader, than, smos, goals, contents, description, examples,. A social movement organization SMO is an organized component of a social movement SMOs are generally seen as the components of a social movement The movement s goals can be much more narrow or much broader than the SMOs goals Contents 1 Description 2 Examples 3 Social Movement Industry SMI 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 Bibliography 6 External linksDescription editThe term SMO entered literature through the work of Mayer N Zald and Roberta Ash Zald Mayer N and Roberta Ash Social Movement Organizations Growth Decay and Change Social Forces 44 327 341 1966 1 In social movement theory a social movement organization is an organized component of a social movement SM An SMO is usually only a part of a particular social movement in other words a specific social movement is usually composed of many social movement organizations formal organizations that share the movement s goals 2 Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in social movements but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants who are part of a wider social movement community Social movement organizations carry out the tasks that are necessary for any social movement to survive and to be successful Examples editThe civil rights movement was a social movement composed of specific social movement organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee SNCC the Congress of Racial Equality CORE and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP 2 These are just three SMOs amongst the hundreds of organizations that helped shape the civil rights movement Similarly we can consider Veganism where organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals PETA advocate for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims But PETA is not the only group to advocate for vegan diets and lifestyles there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end 3 Thus the social movement is the general push toward veganism an effort with numerous motivations and PETA is only a single SMO working within the broader social movement 3 The peace movement is composed of many groups that want peace groups that classify as SMOs such as Peace Action SANE FREEZE Fellowship of Reconciliation and others 4 The Ku Klux Klan is yet another SMO part of the white supremacist movement 5 Al Qaeda acting as a coordinating body for a large number of loosely connected anti American organizations and individuals is another example of a social movement organization Social Movement Industry SMI editAn organizational equivalent of a particular social movement a collection of all SMOs focused on a given field is known as a Social Movement Industry SMI 2 Social Movement Industries are similar to social movements in scope but are seen as having more structure 6 Social movement industries can be combined into one Social Movement Sector in the society 7 See also editInterest group Community organizationReferences editCitations edit Morris Rosenberg Ralph H Turner American Sociological Association Section on Social Psychology 1981 Social psychology sociological perspectives Basic Books Inc p 464 ISBN 978 0 465 07904 9 Retrieved 21 August 2012 a b c Mayer N Zald John D McCarthy Social Movements in an Organizational Society Collected Essays Transaction Publishers 1997 ISBN 0 88738 802 7 Google Print p 21 a b Maurer Donna 2002 Vegetarianism Movement or Moment Philadelphia Temple University Press ISBN 1 56639 936 X Melvin F Hall Poor People s Social Movement Organizations The Goal is to Win Greenwood Publishing Group 1995 ISBN 0 275 94704 1 Google Print p 6 John Lofland Social Movement Organizations Guide to Research on Insurgent Realities Aldine Transaction 1996 ISBN 0 202 30553 8 Google Print p 1 Kevin Michael DeLuca Image Politics The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism Routledge 2005 ISBN 0 8058 5848 2 Google Print p 30 Suzanne Staggenborg The Pro choice Movement Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict Oxford University Press US 1994 ISBN 0 19 508925 1 Google Print p 189 Bibliography edit Crabtree Charity Where Culture Structure and the Individual Meet A Social Movement Organization in Action Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Marriott Hotel Loews Philadelphia Hotel Philadelphia PA Aug 12 2005 Online Jo Freeman A Model for Analyzing the Strategic Options of Social Movement Organizations n The Dynamics of Social Movements ed by Mayer N Zald and John D McCarthy Cambridge Mass Winthrop Publishers 1979 pp 167 189 Revised edition online Jo Freeman CRISES AND CONFLICTS IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS Chrysalis A Magazine of Women s Culture No 5 1978 pp 43 51 Manuel Hensmans Social Movement Organizations A Metaphor for Strategic Actors in Institutional Fields Organization Studies Vol 24 No 3 355 381 2003 SAGE Jeff Goodwin James M Jasper The Social Movements Reader Cases and Concepts Blackwell Publishing 2003 ISBN 0 631 22196 4 Mayer N Zald and Roberta Ash Social Movement Organizations Growth Decay and Change Social Forces Vol 44 No 3 Mar 1996 pp 327 341 JSTOR Zald Mayer N and McCarthy John D Social Movement Industries Competition and Cooperation Among Movement Organizations 1979 working paper 1 External links editPolicy Guide Studying a Social Movement Organization Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Social movement organization amp oldid 1178989232, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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