The small heterodimer partner (SHP) also known as NR0B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B2gene.[5] SHP is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellulartranscription factors.[6] SHP is unusual for a nuclear receptor in that it lacks a DNA binding domain. Therefore, it is technically neither a transcription factor nor nuclear receptor but nevertheless it is still classified as such due to relatively high sequence homology with other nuclear receptor family members.
The principal role of SHP appears to be repression of other nuclear receptors through association to produce a non-productive heterodimer.[7] The protein has also been identified as a mediating factor in the metabolic circadian clock [8] Research shows that it interacts with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. In addition, interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated, leading to inhibition of function. Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transactivation via two separate steps: competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function.[5]
Structure and ligandsedit
A crystal structure of the LBD-only SHP, generated by co-crystallisation with EID1, has been obtained. Instead binding to the usual AF-2 site, EID1 fills in the place of what is usually helix α1 of an LBD and makes SHP more soluble. The overall structure resembles the apo (ligandless) form of other LBDs. Some synthetic retinoid ligands can bind to SHP's LBD and promote its interaction with LXXLL-containing corepressors using the AF-2 site.[9]
Interactionsedit
Large and medium scale Y2H experiments as well as text mining of the NR literature have highlighted the important role of SHP in the Nuclear Receptor dimerization network and its relatively highly connected status, compared to other NRs. [10]
Small heterodimer partner has been shown to interact with:
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131910 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037583 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ab"Entrez Gene: NR0B2 nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2".
^Lee HK, Lee YK, Park SH, Kim YS, Park SH, Lee JW, et al. (June 1998). "Structure and expression of the orphan nuclear receptor SHP gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (23): 14398–402. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.23.14398. PMID 9603951.
^Båvner A, Sanyal S, Gustafsson JA, Treuter E (December 2005). "Transcriptional corepression by SHP: molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences". Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 16 (10): 478–88. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2005.10.005. PMID 16275121. S2CID 7884363.
^Wu N, Kim KH, Zhou Y, Lee JM, Kettner NM, Mamrosh JL, et al. (September 2016). "Small Heterodimer Partner (NR0B2) Coordinates Nutrient Signaling and the Circadian Clock in Mice". Molecular Endocrinology. 30 (9): 988–95. doi:10.1210/me.2015-1295. PMC5004116. PMID 27427832.
^ abZhi X, Zhou XE, He Y, Zechner C, Suino-Powell KM, Kliewer SA, et al. (January 2014). "Structural insights into gene repression by the orphan nuclear receptor SHP". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (2): 839–44. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111..839Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.1322827111. PMC3896210. PMID 24379397.
^Amoutzias GD, Pichler EE, Mian N, De Graaf D, Imsiridou A, Robinson-Rechavi M, et al. (July 2007). "A protein interaction atlas for the nuclear receptors: properties and quality of a hub-based dimerisation network". BMC Systems Biology. 1: 34. doi:10.1186/1752-0509-1-34. PMC1971058. PMID 17672894.
^Gobinet J, Auzou G, Nicolas JC, Sultan C, Jalaguier S (December 2001). "Characterization of the interaction between androgen receptor and a new transcriptional inhibitor, SHP". Biochemistry. 40 (50): 15369–77. doi:10.1021/bi011384o. PMID 11735420.
^Klinge CM, Jernigan SC, Risinger KE (March 2002). "The agonist activity of tamoxifen is inhibited by the short heterodimer partner orphan nuclear receptor in human endometrial cancer cells". Endocrinology. 143 (3): 853–67. doi:10.1210/endo.143.3.8676. PMID 11861507.
^ abLee YK, Dell H, Dowhan DH, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M, Moore DD (January 2000). "The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and retinoid X receptor transactivation: two mechanisms for repression". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (1): 187–95. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.1.187-195.2000. PMC85074. PMID 10594021.
^ abcBrendel C, Schoonjans K, Botrugno OA, Treuter E, Auwerx J (September 2002). "The small heterodimer partner interacts with the liver X receptor alpha and represses its transcriptional activity". Molecular Endocrinology. 16 (9): 2065–76. doi:10.1210/me.2001-0194. PMID 12198243.
^Lee YK, Moore DD (January 2002). "Dual mechanisms for repression of the monomeric orphan receptor liver receptor homologous protein-1 by the orphan small heterodimer partner". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (4): 2463–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105161200. PMID 11668176.
^Nishizawa H, Yamagata K, Shimomura I, Takahashi M, Kuriyama H, Kishida K, et al. (January 2002). "Small heterodimer partner, an orphan nuclear receptor, augments peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma transactivation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (2): 1586–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104301200. PMID 11696534.
^Seol W, Choi HS, Moore DD (May 1996). "An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors". Science. 272 (5266): 1336–9. Bibcode:1996Sci...272.1336S. doi:10.1126/science.272.5266.1336. PMID 8650544. S2CID 32853062.
^Seol W, Hanstein B, Brown M, Moore DD (October 1998). "Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP (short heterodimer partner)". Molecular Endocrinology. 12 (10): 1551–7. doi:10.1210/me.12.10.1551. PMID 9773978.
Further readingedit
Seol W, Choi HS, Moore DD (May 1996). "An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors". Science. 272 (5266): 1336–9. Bibcode:1996Sci...272.1336S. doi:10.1126/science.272.5266.1336. PMID 8650544. S2CID 32853062.
Seol W, Hanstein B, Brown M, Moore DD (October 1998). "Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP (short heterodimer partner)". Molecular Endocrinology. 12 (10): 1551–7. doi:10.1210/me.12.10.1551. PMID 9773978.
Lee YK, Dell H, Dowhan DH, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M, Moore DD (January 2000). "The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and retinoid X receptor transactivation: two mechanisms for repression". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (1): 187–95. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.1.187-195.2000. PMC85074. PMID 10594021.
Johansson L, Båvner A, Thomsen JS, Färnegårdh M, Gustafsson JA, Treuter E (February 2000). "The orphan nuclear receptor SHP utilizes conserved LXXLL-related motifs for interactions with ligand-activated estrogen receptors". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (4): 1124–33. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.4.1124-1133.2000. PMC85230. PMID 10648597.
Lu TT, Makishima M, Repa JJ, Schoonjans K, Kerr TA, Auwerx J, Mangelsdorf DJ (September 2000). "Molecular basis for feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis by nuclear receptors". Molecular Cell. 6 (3): 507–15. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00050-2. PMID 11030331.
Nishigori H, Tomura H, Tonooka N, Kanamori M, Yamada S, Sho K, et al. (January 2001). "Mutations in the small heterodimer partner gene are associated with mild obesity in Japanese subjects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (2): 575–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.021544398. PMC14629. PMID 11136233.
Lee YK, Moore DD (January 2002). "Dual mechanisms for repression of the monomeric orphan receptor liver receptor homologous protein-1 by the orphan small heterodimer partner". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (4): 2463–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105161200. PMID 11668176.
Nishizawa H, Yamagata K, Shimomura I, Takahashi M, Kuriyama H, Kishida K, et al. (January 2002). "Small heterodimer partner, an orphan nuclear receptor, augments peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma transactivation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (2): 1586–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104301200. PMID 11696534.
Sanyal S, Kim JY, Kim HJ, Takeda J, Lee YK, Moore DD, Choi HS (January 2002). "Differential regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP) gene promoter by orphan nuclear receptor ERR isoforms". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (3): 1739–48. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106140200. PMID 11705994.
Gobinet J, Auzou G, Nicolas JC, Sultan C, Jalaguier S (December 2001). "Characterization of the interaction between androgen receptor and a new transcriptional inhibitor, SHP". Biochemistry. 40 (50): 15369–77. doi:10.1021/bi011384o. PMID 11735420.
Klinge CM, Jernigan SC, Risinger KE (March 2002). "The agonist activity of tamoxifen is inhibited by the short heterodimer partner orphan nuclear receptor in human endometrial cancer cells". Endocrinology. 143 (3): 853–67. doi:10.1210/endo.143.3.8676. PMID 11861507.
Ogata M, Awaji T, Iwasaki N, Miyazaki S, Bell GI, Iwamoto Y (March 2002). "Nuclear translocation of SHP and visualization of interaction with HNF-4alpha in living cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 292 (1): 8–12. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6593. PMID 11890664.
Cao H, Hegele RA (2002). "Identification of polymorphisms in the human SHP1 gene". Journal of Human Genetics. 47 (8): 445–7. doi:10.1007/s100380200062. PMID 12181644.
Brendel C, Schoonjans K, Botrugno OA, Treuter E, Auwerx J (September 2002). "The small heterodimer partner interacts with the liver X receptor alpha and represses its transcriptional activity". Molecular Endocrinology. 16 (9): 2065–76. doi:10.1210/me.2001-0194. PMID 12198243.
Borgius LJ, Steffensen KR, Gustafsson JA, Treuter E (December 2002). "Glucocorticoid signaling is perturbed by the atypical orphan receptor and corepressor SHP". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (51): 49761–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205641200. PMID 12324453.
Hung CC, Farooqi IS, Ong K, Luan J, Keogh JM, Pembrey M, et al. (May 2003). "Contribution of variants in the small heterodimer partner gene to birthweight, adiposity, and insulin levels: mutational analysis and association studies in multiple populations". Diabetes. 52 (5): 1288–91. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1288. PMID 12716767.
Lai K, Harnish DC, Evans MJ (September 2003). "Estrogen receptor alpha regulates expression of the orphan receptor small heterodimer partner". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (38): 36418–29. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303913200. PMID 12842887.
Kovacic A, Speed CJ, Simpson ER, Clyne CD (January 2004). "Inhibition of aromatase transcription via promoter II by short heterodimer partner in human preadipocytes". Molecular Endocrinology. 18 (1): 252–9. doi:10.1210/me.2003-0211. PMID 14593077.
External linksedit
small+heterodimer+partner+protein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
January 01, 1970
small, heterodimer, partner, small, heterodimer, partner, also, known, nr0b2, nuclear, receptor, subfamily, group, member, protein, that, humans, encoded, nr0b2, gene, member, nuclear, receptor, family, intracellular, transcription, factors, unusual, nuclear, . The small heterodimer partner SHP also known as NR0B2 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B2 gene 5 SHP is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors 6 SHP is unusual for a nuclear receptor in that it lacks a DNA binding domain Therefore it is technically neither a transcription factor nor nuclear receptor but nevertheless it is still classified as such due to relatively high sequence homology with other nuclear receptor family members NR0B2Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes1YUC 2Q3Y 2Z4J 4DOR 4ONIIdentifiersAliasesNR0B2 SHP SHP1 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2External IDsOMIM 604630 MGI 1346344 HomoloGene 8030 GeneCards NR0B2Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 1 human 1 Band1p36 11Start26 911 489 bp 1 End26 913 975 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 4 mouse 2 Band4 D2 3 4 66 25 cMStart133 280 687 bp 2 End133 283 847 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inright lobe of liverduodenumjejunal mucosabody of pancreasright adrenal glandleft adrenal glandgallbladderbody of stomachspleenleft ventricleTop expressed inleft lobe of liverepithelium of stomachadrenal medullamyocardium of ventricleduodenummorulapyloric antrumcardiac musclesatrioventricular valveendocardial cushionMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionDNA binding protein homodimerization activity protein domain specific binding steroid hormone receptor activity protein binding transcription corepressor activity DNA binding transcription factor activity RNA polymerase II specific protein containing complex binding transcription factor binding retinoic acid receptor binding peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding retinoid X receptor binding thyroid hormone receptor bindingCellular componentnucleoplasm nucleus cytoplasm protein containing complexBiological processNotch signaling pathway regulation of transcription DNA templated cholesterol metabolic process negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II response to glucose negative regulation of DNA binding transcription factor activity negative regulation of gene expression transcription DNA templated positive regulation of gene expression animal organ regeneration transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of transcription DNA templated positive regulation of insulin secretion steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway circadian rhythm circadian regulation of gene expression rhythmic processSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez843123957EnsemblENSG00000131910ENSMUSG00000037583UniProtQ15466Q62227RefSeq mRNA NM 021969NM 011850RefSeq protein NP 068804NP 035980Location UCSC Chr 1 26 91 26 91 MbChr 4 133 28 133 28 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Function 2 Structure and ligands 3 Interactions 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksFunction editThe principal role of SHP appears to be repression of other nuclear receptors through association to produce a non productive heterodimer 7 The protein has also been identified as a mediating factor in the metabolic circadian clock 8 Research shows that it interacts with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors inhibiting their ligand dependent transcriptional activation In addition interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated leading to inhibition of function Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor mediated transactivation via two separate steps competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function 5 Structure and ligands editA crystal structure of the LBD only SHP generated by co crystallisation with EID1 has been obtained Instead binding to the usual AF 2 site EID1 fills in the place of what is usually helix a1 of an LBD and makes SHP more soluble The overall structure resembles the apo ligandless form of other LBDs Some synthetic retinoid ligands can bind to SHP s LBD and promote its interaction with LXXLL containing corepressors using the AF 2 site 9 Interactions editLarge and medium scale Y2H experiments as well as text mining of the NR literature have highlighted the important role of SHP in the Nuclear Receptor dimerization network and its relatively highly connected status compared to other NRs 10 Small heterodimer partner has been shown to interact with Androgen receptor 11 Estrogen receptor alpha 12 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha 13 Liver receptor homolog 1 14 15 Liver X receptor alpha 14 Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 16 Retinoic acid receptor alpha 17 18 EID1 9 Retinoid X receptor alpha 13 14 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000131910 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000037583 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine a b Entrez Gene NR0B2 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 Lee HK Lee YK Park SH Kim YS Park SH Lee JW et al June 1998 Structure and expression of the orphan nuclear receptor SHP gene The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 23 14398 402 doi 10 1074 jbc 273 23 14398 PMID 9603951 Bavner A Sanyal S Gustafsson JA Treuter E December 2005 Transcriptional corepression by SHP molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 16 10 478 88 doi 10 1016 j tem 2005 10 005 PMID 16275121 S2CID 7884363 Wu N Kim KH Zhou Y Lee JM Kettner NM Mamrosh JL et al September 2016 Small Heterodimer Partner NR0B2 Coordinates Nutrient Signaling and the Circadian Clock in Mice Molecular Endocrinology 30 9 988 95 doi 10 1210 me 2015 1295 PMC 5004116 PMID 27427832 a b Zhi X Zhou XE He Y Zechner C Suino Powell KM Kliewer SA et al January 2014 Structural insights into gene repression by the orphan nuclear receptor SHP Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 2 839 44 Bibcode 2014PNAS 111 839Z doi 10 1073 pnas 1322827111 PMC 3896210 PMID 24379397 Amoutzias GD Pichler EE Mian N De Graaf D Imsiridou A Robinson Rechavi M et al July 2007 A protein interaction atlas for the nuclear receptors properties and quality of a hub based dimerisation network BMC Systems Biology 1 34 doi 10 1186 1752 0509 1 34 PMC 1971058 PMID 17672894 Gobinet J Auzou G Nicolas JC Sultan C Jalaguier S December 2001 Characterization of the interaction between androgen receptor and a new transcriptional inhibitor SHP Biochemistry 40 50 15369 77 doi 10 1021 bi011384o PMID 11735420 Klinge CM Jernigan SC Risinger KE March 2002 The agonist activity of tamoxifen is inhibited by the short heterodimer partner orphan nuclear receptor in human endometrial cancer cells Endocrinology 143 3 853 67 doi 10 1210 endo 143 3 8676 PMID 11861507 a b Lee YK Dell H Dowhan DH Hadzopoulou Cladaras M Moore DD January 2000 The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and retinoid X receptor transactivation two mechanisms for repression Molecular and Cellular Biology 20 1 187 95 doi 10 1128 MCB 20 1 187 195 2000 PMC 85074 PMID 10594021 a b c Brendel C Schoonjans K Botrugno OA Treuter E Auwerx J September 2002 The small heterodimer partner interacts with the liver X receptor alpha and represses its transcriptional activity Molecular Endocrinology 16 9 2065 76 doi 10 1210 me 2001 0194 PMID 12198243 Lee YK Moore DD January 2002 Dual mechanisms for repression of the monomeric orphan receptor liver receptor homologous protein 1 by the orphan small heterodimer partner The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 4 2463 7 doi 10 1074 jbc M105161200 PMID 11668176 Nishizawa H Yamagata K Shimomura I Takahashi M Kuriyama H Kishida K et al January 2002 Small heterodimer partner an orphan nuclear receptor augments peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma transactivation The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 2 1586 92 doi 10 1074 jbc M104301200 PMID 11696534 Seol W Choi HS Moore DD May 1996 An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors Science 272 5266 1336 9 Bibcode 1996Sci 272 1336S doi 10 1126 science 272 5266 1336 PMID 8650544 S2CID 32853062 Seol W Hanstein B Brown M Moore DD October 1998 Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP short heterodimer partner Molecular Endocrinology 12 10 1551 7 doi 10 1210 me 12 10 1551 PMID 9773978 Further reading editSeol W Choi HS Moore DD May 1996 An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors Science 272 5266 1336 9 Bibcode 1996Sci 272 1336S doi 10 1126 science 272 5266 1336 PMID 8650544 S2CID 32853062 Seol W Hanstein B Brown M Moore DD October 1998 Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP short heterodimer partner Molecular Endocrinology 12 10 1551 7 doi 10 1210 me 12 10 1551 PMID 9773978 Lee YK Dell H Dowhan DH Hadzopoulou Cladaras M Moore DD January 2000 The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and retinoid X receptor transactivation two mechanisms for repression Molecular and Cellular Biology 20 1 187 95 doi 10 1128 MCB 20 1 187 195 2000 PMC 85074 PMID 10594021 Johansson L Bavner A Thomsen JS Farnegardh M Gustafsson JA Treuter E February 2000 The orphan nuclear receptor SHP utilizes conserved LXXLL related motifs for interactions with ligand activated estrogen receptors Molecular and Cellular Biology 20 4 1124 33 doi 10 1128 MCB 20 4 1124 1133 2000 PMC 85230 PMID 10648597 Lu TT Makishima M Repa JJ Schoonjans K Kerr TA Auwerx J Mangelsdorf DJ September 2000 Molecular basis for feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis by nuclear receptors Molecular Cell 6 3 507 15 doi 10 1016 S1097 2765 00 00050 2 PMID 11030331 Nishigori H Tomura H Tonooka N Kanamori M Yamada S Sho K et al January 2001 Mutations in the small heterodimer partner gene are associated with mild obesity in Japanese subjects Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 2 575 80 doi 10 1073 pnas 021544398 PMC 14629 PMID 11136233 Lee YK Moore DD January 2002 Dual mechanisms for repression of the monomeric orphan receptor liver receptor homologous protein 1 by the orphan small heterodimer partner The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 4 2463 7 doi 10 1074 jbc M105161200 PMID 11668176 Nishizawa H Yamagata K Shimomura I Takahashi M Kuriyama H Kishida K et al January 2002 Small heterodimer partner an orphan nuclear receptor augments peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma transactivation The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 2 1586 92 doi 10 1074 jbc M104301200 PMID 11696534 Sanyal S Kim JY Kim HJ Takeda J Lee YK Moore DD Choi HS January 2002 Differential regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner SHP gene promoter by orphan nuclear receptor ERR isoforms The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 3 1739 48 doi 10 1074 jbc M106140200 PMID 11705994 Gobinet J Auzou G Nicolas JC Sultan C Jalaguier S December 2001 Characterization of the interaction between androgen receptor and a new transcriptional inhibitor SHP Biochemistry 40 50 15369 77 doi 10 1021 bi011384o PMID 11735420 Klinge CM Jernigan SC Risinger KE March 2002 The agonist activity of tamoxifen is inhibited by the short heterodimer partner orphan nuclear receptor in human endometrial cancer cells Endocrinology 143 3 853 67 doi 10 1210 endo 143 3 8676 PMID 11861507 Ogata M Awaji T Iwasaki N Miyazaki S Bell GI Iwamoto Y March 2002 Nuclear translocation of SHP and visualization of interaction with HNF 4alpha in living cells Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 292 1 8 12 doi 10 1006 bbrc 2002 6593 PMID 11890664 Cao H Hegele RA 2002 Identification of polymorphisms in the human SHP1 gene Journal of Human Genetics 47 8 445 7 doi 10 1007 s100380200062 PMID 12181644 Brendel C Schoonjans K Botrugno OA Treuter E Auwerx J September 2002 The small heterodimer partner interacts with the liver X receptor alpha and represses its transcriptional activity Molecular Endocrinology 16 9 2065 76 doi 10 1210 me 2001 0194 PMID 12198243 Borgius LJ Steffensen KR Gustafsson JA Treuter E December 2002 Glucocorticoid signaling is perturbed by the atypical orphan receptor and corepressor SHP The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 51 49761 6 doi 10 1074 jbc M205641200 PMID 12324453 Hung CC Farooqi IS Ong K Luan J Keogh JM Pembrey M et al May 2003 Contribution of variants in the small heterodimer partner gene to birthweight adiposity and insulin levels mutational analysis and association studies in multiple populations Diabetes 52 5 1288 91 doi 10 2337 diabetes 52 5 1288 PMID 12716767 Lai K Harnish DC Evans MJ September 2003 Estrogen receptor alpha regulates expression of the orphan receptor small heterodimer partner The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 38 36418 29 doi 10 1074 jbc M303913200 PMID 12842887 Kovacic A Speed CJ Simpson ER Clyne CD January 2004 Inhibition of aromatase transcription via promoter II by short heterodimer partner in human preadipocytes Molecular Endocrinology 18 1 252 9 doi 10 1210 me 2003 0211 PMID 14593077 External links editsmall heterodimer partner protein at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Small heterodimer partner amp oldid 1184406532, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
