fbpx
Wikipedia

John Woodroffe

January 01, 1970

Sir John George Woodroffe (15 December 1865 – 16 January 1936), also known by his pseudonym Arthur Avalon, was a British Orientalist whose extensive and complex published works on the Tantras, and other Hindu traditions, stimulated a wide-ranging interest in Hindu philosophy and yoga.[3]

Sir
John Woodroffe
In 1928. Portrait by Lafayette
Born(1865-12-15)15 December 1865
Calcutta, British India[1][2]
Died16 January 1936(1936-01-16) (aged 70)
Beausoleil, Alpes-Maritimes, France[3]
NationalityBritish
Other namesArthur Avalon
CitizenshipUnited Kingdom
Alma materUniversity College, Oxford
Occupation(s)Lawyer; Orientalist
Known forThe Serpent Power
Parent(s)James Tisdall Woodroffe, Florence Woodroffe

Life edit

Woodroffe was the eldest son of James Tisdall Woodroffe and his wife Florence, daughter of James Hume. James Woodroffe was Advocate-General of Bengal and Legal Member of the Government of India, a Justice of the Peace, and a Knight of St. Gregory. John was educated at Woburn Park School and the University College, Oxford, where he took second classes in jurisprudence and the Bachelor of Civil Law examinations. He was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1889, and in the following year was enrolled as an advocate of the Calcutta High Court. He was soon made a Fellow of the Calcutta University and appointed Tagore Law Professor. He collaborated with Ameer Ali in a widely used textbook, Civil Procedure in British India. He was appointed Standing Counsel to the Government of India in 1902, and in 1904 was raised to the High Court Bench. He served there for eighteen years, becoming Chief Justice in 1915. After retiring to England he served as Reader in Indian Law to the University of Oxford. He died on 18 January 1936 in France.[3]

Woodroffe was married to the concert pianist Ellen Elizabeth Grimson from 1902.

Sanskrit Studies edit

John Woodroffe's interest in tantra was sparked due to a court case, in which he felt he suddenly could not focus on the facts of the case. After mentioning this to his assistant, he was informed that a "tantrik sadhu" had been hired to perform a mantra outside the courthouse to "cloud his mind" in favor of the defendant. A constable was dispatched who chased the sadhu away. John Woodroffe said that his mind instantly cleared when the sadhu was stopped.

This event sparked a lifelong interest in tantrik and yoga studies.

Alongside his judicial duties he studied Sanskrit and Hindu philosophy and was especially interested in Hindu Tantra. He translated some twenty original Sanskrit texts and, under his pseudonym Arthur Avalon, published and lectured prolifically on Indian philosophy and a wide range of Yoga and Tantra topics. T.M.P. Mahadevan wrote: "By editing the original Sanskrit texts, as also by publishing essays on the different aspects of Shaktism, he showed that the religion and worship had a profound philosophy behind it, and that there was nothing irrational or obscurantist about the technique of worship it recommends."[4]

John Woodroffe's sanskrit tutor and "guru" who he retained in order to study tantra, first insisted that he sleep on the floor, or he would be unable to pronounce the sanskrit properly, due to over-relaxing of the neck. He promptly had his bed removed, and replaced it with a thin mat.

John Woodroffe's sanskrit studies led him to become even more precise in his sanskrit than most native speakers, leaving him in a position to translate the most difficult sanskrit texts.

Woodroffe was initiated into a yoga lineage similar to that of Lahiri Mahasay, now publicized as kriya yoga.

Woodroffe was believed by his "guru" to be the reincarnation of two somewhat famous persons from Indian history.

His choice of the name Arthur Avalon was due his initiation into the western equivalent of eastern tantra, the secretive Celtic religion which worships in secret within many British Churches, which has Arthur, with the nine sisters of Avalon in place of the ten incarnations of Vishnu, the nine incarnations of Durga, or the ten Mahavidyas as within other tantrik systems.

Mahānirvāṇatantraṃ edit

Woodroffe translated the Mahānirvāṇatantraṃ from the original Sanskrit into English under his pen name, Arthur Avalon: a play on the magical realm of Avalon and the young later-to-be, King Arthur, within the story-cycle of tales known generally as King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table; specifically according to Taylor (2001: p. 148), Woodroffe chose the name from the noted incomplete magnum opus, the painting 'Arthur's Sleep in Avalon' by Burne-Jones.[5] Moreover, Taylor (2001: p. 148) conveys the salience of this magical literary identity and contextualises by making reference to western esotericism, Holy grail, quest, occult secrets, initiations and the Theosophists:

"This is quite important to know, for here we have a writer on an Indian esoteric system taking a name imbued with western esotericism. The name at any rate seems to hint at initiations and the possession of occult secrets. The Arthurian legends are bound up with the story of the Holy Grail and its quest. This was a symbol of esoteric wisdom, especially to Theosophists who appropriated the legend. Anyone who named himself after King Arthur or the mystic isle of Avalon would be thought to be identifying himself with occultism, in Theosophists' eyes."[5]

Bibliography edit

His writings (published under his own name, as well as Arthur Avalon) include:

  • , ISBN 81-85988-11-0 (1913).
  • Tantra of the Great Liberation (Mahānirvāna Tantra), ISBN 0-89744-023-4 (1913).
  • Hymns to the Goddess (1913).
  • Shakti and Shâkta, ISBN 81-85988-03-X (1918).
  • The Serpent Power, ISBN 81-85988-05-6 (1919).
  • Hymn to Kali: Karpuradi-Stotra. Luzac & Co., London. 1922.
  • The World as Power, ISBN 1-4067-7706-4 (1922).
  • The Garland of Letters. ISBN 81-85988-12-9 (1922).
  • Principles of Tantra (2 vols) ISBN 81-85988-14-5.
  • Kularnava Tantra (Introduction by John Woodroffe). ISBN 81-208-0972-6 (1965).
  • Kamakalavilasa by Puṇyānanda.
  • Bharati Shakti: Essays and Addresses on Indian Culture.
  • India: Culture and Society.
  • Is India Civilized? Essays on Indian Culture.

Arms edit

Coat of arms of John Woodroffe
 
Notes
Confirmed 2 November 1875 by Sir John Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms.[6]
Crest
An open dexter hand between two branches of honeysuckle all Proper.
Escutcheon
Gules on a chevron Argent between three roses of the last barbed and seeded Proper as many stags' heads erased Sable a chief nebuly of the second charged with a trefoil slipped Vert.
Motto
Sit Dux Sapientia

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ India, Select Births and Baptisms, 1786-1947
  2. ^ 1881 England Census
  3. ^ a b c "Obituary: Sir John Woodroffe". The Times. 18 January 1936. p. 14.
  4. ^ T.M.P. Mahadevan, foreword to; Arthur Avalon, Garland of Letters, Ganesh and Company Madras, 6th ed. 1974 p iii.
  5. ^ a b Taylor, Kathleen (2001). Sir John Woodroffe, Tantra and Bengal: 'an Indian soul in a European body?'. SOAS London studies on south Asia. Illustrated edition. Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1345-X, 9780700713455. Source: [1] (accessed: Monday 3 May 2010), p.148
  6. ^ "Grants and Confirmations of Arms, Vol. G". National Archives of Ireland. 1863. p. 364. Retrieved 5 February 2023.

Further reading edit

  • Shakti and Shakta, by John Woodroffe, Published by Forgotten Books, 1910. ISBN 1-60620-145-X.
  • Hymn to Kali:Karpuradi Stotra, by Sir John Woodroffe. Published by Forgotten Books. 1922. ISBN 1-60620-147-6.
  • Hymns to the Goddess, Translated by John George Woodroffe, Ellen Elizabeth (Grimson) Woodroffe, Published by Forgotten Books, 1952 (org 1913). ISBN 1-60620-146-8.
  • Mahanirvana Tantra, By Arthur Avalon, 1913,ISBN 1606201441.
  • Sir John Woodroffe, Tantra And Bengal- An Indian Soul In A European Body?, by Kathleen Taylor. Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-7007-1345-X.

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to John Woodroffe.

January 01, 1970
john, woodroffe, john, george, woodroffe, december, 1865, january, 1936, also, known, pseudonym, arthur, avalon, british, orientalist, whose, extensive, complex, published, works, tantras, other, hindu, traditions, stimulated, wide, ranging, interest, hindu, p. Sir John George Woodroffe 15 December 1865 16 January 1936 also known by his pseudonym Arthur Avalon was a British Orientalist whose extensive and complex published works on the Tantras and other Hindu traditions stimulated a wide ranging interest in Hindu philosophy and yoga 3 SirJohn WoodroffeIn 1928 Portrait by LafayetteBorn 1865 12 15 15 December 1865Calcutta British India 1 2 Died16 January 1936 1936 01 16 aged 70 Beausoleil Alpes Maritimes France 3 NationalityBritishOther namesArthur AvalonCitizenshipUnited KingdomAlma materUniversity College OxfordOccupation s Lawyer OrientalistKnown forThe Serpent PowerParent s James Tisdall Woodroffe Florence Woodroffe Contents 1 Life 2 Sanskrit Studies 3 Mahanirvaṇatantraṃ 4 Bibliography 5 Arms 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksLife editWoodroffe was the eldest son of James Tisdall Woodroffe and his wife Florence daughter of James Hume James Woodroffe was Advocate General of Bengal and Legal Member of the Government of India a Justice of the Peace and a Knight of St Gregory John was educated at Woburn Park School and the University College Oxford where he took second classes in jurisprudence and the Bachelor of Civil Law examinations He was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1889 and in the following year was enrolled as an advocate of the Calcutta High Court He was soon made a Fellow of the Calcutta University and appointed Tagore Law Professor He collaborated with Ameer Ali in a widely used textbook Civil Procedure in British India He was appointed Standing Counsel to the Government of India in 1902 and in 1904 was raised to the High Court Bench He served there for eighteen years becoming Chief Justice in 1915 After retiring to England he served as Reader in Indian Law to the University of Oxford He died on 18 January 1936 in France 3 Woodroffe was married to the concert pianist Ellen Elizabeth Grimson from 1902 Sanskrit Studies editJohn Woodroffe s interest in tantra was sparked due to a court case in which he felt he suddenly could not focus on the facts of the case After mentioning this to his assistant he was informed that a tantrik sadhu had been hired to perform a mantra outside the courthouse to cloud his mind in favor of the defendant A constable was dispatched who chased the sadhu away John Woodroffe said that his mind instantly cleared when the sadhu was stopped This event sparked a lifelong interest in tantrik and yoga studies Alongside his judicial duties he studied Sanskrit and Hindu philosophy and was especially interested in Hindu Tantra He translated some twenty original Sanskrit texts and under his pseudonym Arthur Avalon published and lectured prolifically on Indian philosophy and a wide range of Yoga and Tantra topics T M P Mahadevan wrote By editing the original Sanskrit texts as also by publishing essays on the different aspects of Shaktism he showed that the religion and worship had a profound philosophy behind it and that there was nothing irrational or obscurantist about the technique of worship it recommends 4 John Woodroffe s sanskrit tutor and guru who he retained in order to study tantra first insisted that he sleep on the floor or he would be unable to pronounce the sanskrit properly due to over relaxing of the neck He promptly had his bed removed and replaced it with a thin mat John Woodroffe s sanskrit studies led him to become even more precise in his sanskrit than most native speakers leaving him in a position to translate the most difficult sanskrit texts Woodroffe was initiated into a yoga lineage similar to that of Lahiri Mahasay now publicized as kriya yoga Woodroffe was believed by his guru to be the reincarnation of two somewhat famous persons from Indian history His choice of the name Arthur Avalon was due his initiation into the western equivalent of eastern tantra the secretive Celtic religion which worships in secret within many British Churches which has Arthur with the nine sisters of Avalon in place of the ten incarnations of Vishnu the nine incarnations of Durga or the ten Mahavidyas as within other tantrik systems Mahanirvaṇatantraṃ editWoodroffe translated the Mahanirvaṇatantraṃ from the original Sanskrit into English under his pen name Arthur Avalon a play on the magical realm of Avalon and the young later to be King Arthur within the story cycle of tales known generally as King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table specifically according to Taylor 2001 p 148 Woodroffe chose the name from the noted incomplete magnum opus the painting Arthur s Sleep in Avalon by Burne Jones 5 Moreover Taylor 2001 p 148 conveys the salience of this magical literary identity and contextualises by making reference to western esotericism Holy grail quest occult secrets initiations and the Theosophists This is quite important to know for here we have a writer on an Indian esoteric system taking a name imbued with western esotericism The name at any rate seems to hint at initiations and the possession of occult secrets The Arthurian legends are bound up with the story of the Holy Grail and its quest This was a symbol of esoteric wisdom especially to Theosophists who appropriated the legend Anyone who named himself after King Arthur or the mystic isle of Avalon would be thought to be identifying himself with occultism in Theosophists eyes 5 Bibliography editHis writings published under his own name as well as Arthur Avalon include Introduction to the Tantra Sastra ISBN 81 85988 11 0 1913 Tantra of the Great Liberation Mahanirvana Tantra ISBN 0 89744 023 4 1913 Hymns to the Goddess 1913 Shakti and Shakta ISBN 81 85988 03 X 1918 The Serpent Power ISBN 81 85988 05 6 1919 Hymn to Kali Karpuradi Stotra Luzac amp Co London 1922 The World as Power ISBN 1 4067 7706 4 1922 The Garland of Letters ISBN 81 85988 12 9 1922 Principles of Tantra 2 vols ISBN 81 85988 14 5 Kularnava Tantra Introduction by John Woodroffe ISBN 81 208 0972 6 1965 Kamakalavilasa by Puṇyananda Bharati Shakti Essays and Addresses on Indian Culture India Culture and Society Is India Civilized Essays on Indian Culture Arms editCoat of arms of John Woodroffe nbsp Notes Confirmed 2 November 1875 by Sir John Bernard Burke Ulster King of Arms 6 Crest An open dexter hand between two branches of honeysuckle all Proper Escutcheon Gules on a chevron Argent between three roses of the last barbed and seeded Proper as many stags heads erased Sable a chief nebuly of the second charged with a trefoil slipped Vert Motto Sit Dux SapientiaSee also editKali Mantra YantraReferences edit India Select Births and Baptisms 1786 1947 1881 England Census a b c Obituary Sir John Woodroffe The Times 18 January 1936 p 14 T M P Mahadevan foreword to Arthur Avalon Garland of Letters Ganesh and Company Madras 6th ed 1974 p iii a b Taylor Kathleen 2001 Sir John Woodroffe Tantra and Bengal an Indian soul in a European body SOAS London studies on south Asia Illustrated edition Routledge ISBN 0 7007 1345 X 9780700713455 Source 1 accessed Monday 3 May 2010 p 148 Grants and Confirmations of Arms Vol G National Archives of Ireland 1863 p 364 Retrieved 5 February 2023 Further reading editShakti and Shakta by John Woodroffe Published by Forgotten Books 1910 ISBN 1 60620 145 X Hymn to Kali Karpuradi Stotra by Sir John Woodroffe Published by Forgotten Books 1922 ISBN 1 60620 147 6 Hymns to the Goddess Translated by John George Woodroffe Ellen Elizabeth Grimson Woodroffe Published by Forgotten Books 1952 org 1913 ISBN 1 60620 146 8 Mahanirvana Tantra By Arthur Avalon 1913 ISBN 1606201441 Sir John Woodroffe Tantra And Bengal An Indian Soul In A European Body by Kathleen Taylor Routledge 2001 ISBN 0 7007 1345 X External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to John Woodroffe Sir John Woodroffe s representations of Hindu Tantra University of Colorado Woodroffe Works of sir John Woodroffe Sacred texts Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Woodroffe amp oldid 1220526263, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.