Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Donalong

For other people named George Hamilton, see George Hamilton (disambiguation).

Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh (c. 1608 – 1679), born in Scotland, inherited land in Ireland and fought in the Irish Army under his brother-in-law James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond in the Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, during which he defended Nenagh Castle against Henry Ireton. Hamilton was father of Antoine Hamilton, author of the Mémoires du Comte de Grammont, of Richard Hamilton, Jacobite general, and of Elizabeth, Countess de Gramont, "la belle Hamilton".

George Hamilton
Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh
Tenure	1660–1679
Successor	James Hamilton
Born	c. 1607
Died	1679
Spouse(s)	Mary Butler
Issue Detail	James, George, Anthony, Richard, John, Elizabeth, & others
Father	James, 1st Earl of Abercorn
Mother	Marion Boyd

Birth and origins

Family tree

George Hamilton with wife, parents, and other selected relatives. Some have confused him with his uncle of Greenlaw. Earls 3 to 5 are not shown. Earl 3 descends from Earl 2. Earls 4 & 5 descend from Claud Hamilton of Strabane.^[a] Claud 1st Ld Paisley 1546–1621 Margaret Seton d. 1616 James 1st Earl 1575–1618 Marion Boyd d. 1632 Recusant George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 Mary Butler James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 Claud 2nd Baron Hamilton of Strabane d. 1638 George 1st Bt. Donalong c. 1608 – 1679 Mary Butler d. 1680 James c. 1630 – 1673 Courtier George d. 1676 Soldier Anthony 1646–1720 Writer Richard c. 1649 – 1717 Soldier James 6th Earl c. 1661 – 1734 Legend XXX George Hamilton XXX Earls of Abercorn

George was born about 1608,^[4][5] probably in Paisley, near Glasgow, Scotland. He was the fourth son of James Hamilton and his wife Marion Boyd. His father had been created 1st Earl of Abercorn by James VI and I in 1606. His paternal grandfather was Claud Hamilton, the 1st Lord of Paisley.

George's mother was the eldest daughter of Thomas Boyd, 6th Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock in Scotland. Both grandfathers fought in 1568 at Langside for Mary, Queen of Scots.^[6]

George had four brothers and four sister,^[7] who are listed in his father's article.

George's father had been a Protestant, but his mother, Marion Boyd, was a recusant, who brought him, like all his siblings, up in the Catholic faith.^[8] His uncle George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea pushed in the same direction.^[9]

Early life

George was about 11 years old in 1618 when his father, the 1st Earl of Abercorn, died.^[10] His father had been an undertaker in James VI and I's 1611 Plantation of Ulster and had as such acquired large estates in Ireland, mainly around Strabane in County Tyrone. George's eldest brother, James, succeeded to his father's title of Earl of Abercorn, but the Irish lands were shared among the younger sons according to his father's will. Strabane, the most prestigious part, went to George's elder brother Claud. George inherited Donalong, a great proportion (2000 acres).^[11] His father had predeceased his paternal grandfather, the 1st Lord Paisley, who died three years later in 1621.^[12] George's eldest brother James, the 2nd Earl of Abercorn, inherited at that time the title of Lord Paisley and the family's Scottish lands.

Some time after 1625 Hamilton acquired rights, together with Sir Basil Brooke and Sir George Russell, to the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine at Knockanroe in the Silvermine Mountains at the village of Silvermines, south of Nenagh.^[13]

In 1627 Hamilton succeeded Sir Roger Hope to the command of a company of foot in the Irish Army.^[14]

Marriage and children

In 1629 Hamilton married Mary Butler, youngest daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles.^[15][16] Her eldest brother, James, later the 1st Duke of Ormond, thereby became his brother-in-law.

George and Mary had six sons:

1. James (died 1673), became ranger of Hyde Park and lost a leg in a sea-fight;^[17]
2. George (died 1676), killed in French service at the Col de Saverne.^[18]
3. Anthony (1646–1720), fought for the Jacobites and wrote the Mémoires du comte de Grammont;^[19]
4. Thomas (died 1687), served in the Royal Navy and died in Boston, Massachusetts;^[20][21][22]
5. Richard (died 1717),^[23] fought for the Jacobites and was taken prisoner at the Boyne.^[24]
6. John (died 1691), Colonel in the Irish army, was killed in the Battle of Aughrim;^[25]

—and three daughters:

1. Elizabeth (1641–1708), a famous beauty, married Philibert de Gramont;^[26]
2. Lucia (died 1676), married Sir Donough O'Brien, 1st Baronet, of Leamaneh Castle, a Protestant, in 1674.^[27]
3. Margaret, married in July 1674 Mathew Forde of Seaforde, County Down, and Coolgreany, County Wexford.^[28]

Midlife

In 1632 Hamilton's mother died in Edinburgh and was buried with her husband in Paisley Abbey.^[29]

Some time before 1634 Hamilton was created a baronet and was called Sir George, but some fault seems to have been found with this creation as he would later be created a baronet for a second time. The territorial designation and the baronetage (country) of this first creation are unknown.^[30]

In 1640, Ormond, Hamilton's brother-in-law granted him the manor, castle, town, and lands of Nenagh for 31 years.^[31] Ormond also became his boss when he was appointed lieutenant-general (commander-in-chief) of the Irish army in September 1640.^[32]

In 1641, at the beginning of the Irish Rebellion, Hamilton was, during a visit to England, suspected of supporting the rebellion as he was Catholic. He was arrested and shortly held at the Tower of London but was soon released on bail.^[33]

During the rebellion Hamilton housed at Nenagh Jean Gordon and her children, who had lost their home when Phelim O'Neill burned Strabane Castle in December 1641. She was his sister-in-law, the widow of his elder brother Claude, who had died in 1638.^[34][35]

On 2 February 1642 the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine, which Hamilton operated together with Sir Basil Brooks and Sir William Russell, was attacked by local rebels under the leadership of Hugh O'Kennedy and 32 Protestant English miners seem to have been killed.^[36]

On 5 June 1646 Owen Roe O'Neil with the Confederate Ulster army defeated the Covenanters under Robert Monro.^[37] O'Neill then marched south to Kilkenny as directed by Rinuccini, the papal nuncio.^[38][39] Leinster and Munster was treated as enemy territory. On 17 September 1646, O'Neill attacked and captured Roscrea, but Nenagh was not attacked at that time. O'Neill then menaced Dublin in November 1646.

It seems that Sir George had been with the King in England. In January 1647 he returned to Dublin with a message instructing Ormond to hand Dublin over to the English rather than the Irish.^[40]

Phelim O'Neill took Nenagh in 1648 but it was retaken by Inchiquin in the same year by undermining the castle's wall.^[41] Hamilton's family probably left Nenagh before this.

In January 1649 Sir George was appointed receiver-general of the revenues for Ireland succeeding to Lord Roscommon.^[42] He was also made a colonel of foot in the Irish army and upheld the Royalist cause against Cromwell. In 1649 he was appointed governor of Nenagh^[43] for his brother in law, James Butler, at that time the Marquess of Ormond, leader of the royalists. At the end of 1650 he defended Nenagh Castle against the Parliamentarian army under Henry Ireton, which attacked it on the way from the siege of Limerick back to their winter quarters at Kilkenny. He surrendered the castle on 10 November 1650 after Ireton had menaced to breach its walls with artillery.^[44][45]

 

The keep of Nenagh Castle

French exile

His Irish lands were confiscated, and in spring 1651 he and his family followed Ormond into French exile. They first went to Caen^[46] where Ormond's wife Elizabeth Preston lived since 1648.^[47] Ormond introduced him to Charles II's exile court at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.^[48] His wife went to Paris where she lived in the convent of the Feuillantines.^[49] In 1656 or 1657 Charles sent him, together with Donough MacCarty, 2nd Viscount Muskerry, to Madrid on a diplomatic mission.^[50]

Restoration and death

In 1660, after the Restoration, he returned to London and stayed at the court of Charles II at Whitehall. In that same year the king created him Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh for his services to the royal cause.^[15] The two places mentioned in the territorial designation of the baronetcy are both in Ireland but quite far from each other. Donalong (also spelled Dunnalong) refers to his lands in County Tyrone, Ulster, whereas Nenagh refers to the town in County Tipperary, Munster, of which he had been governor. Although several sources mention the creation of the baronetcy, it seems to have never been carried out entirely.^[b]

He died in 1679 at the age of 71 or 72 years.^[55] He was succeeded by his grandson James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn, who never assumed the title of Baronet^[55] but would later succeed to the earldom of Abercorn.

Timeline
As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages.
Age	Date	Event
0	1608, about	Born in Scotland as the 4th son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn^[4]
10	1618, 23 Mar	Father died at Monkton, Ayrshire, Scotland.^[10]
13	1621	Grandfather died.^[12]
17	1625, 27 Mar	Accession of King Charles I, succeeding King James I^[57]
21	1629, Jun	Married Mary Butler^[15]
24	1632, 26  Aug	Mother died in Edinburgh.^[29]
33	1641	Arrested as a papist during a visit to England and held some time in the Tower of London^[33]
34	1642, 2 Feb	Lost the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine raided by the insurgents^[36]
35	1643, 15 Sep	Cessation (truce) between the Confederates and the government^[58]
35	1643, Nov	James Butler, 1st Marquess of Ormond appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland^[59]
38	1646, 5 Jun	Battle of Benburb^[60]
38	1646, 17 Sep	Ulster Army captured Roscrea^[61]
39	1647, 28 Jul	Ormond abandoned Dublin to the Parliamentarians.^[62]
41	1649, Jan	Appointed receiver-general of revenues in Ireland.^[42]
41	1649, 30 Jan	King Charles I beheaded.^[63]
42	1650, 10 Nov	Surrendered Nenagh Castle to the Parliamentarians under Ireton^[44]
43	1651, early	Followed James Butler the 12th Earl of Ormond into French exile^[46]
52	1660, 29 May	Restoration of King Charles II^[64]
52	1660	Created Baronet Hamilton of Donalong and Nenagh^[52]
65	1673, 6 Jun	Son James died from wounds received in a sea-fight against the Dutch.^[65]^[66]
68	1676, Jun	Son George killed at the Col de Saverne in French service.^[18]
71	1679	Died and was succeeded by his grandson James Hamilton, the future 6th Earl of Abercorn^[55]

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is based on a drawn pedigree^[1] and written genealogies of the Abercorns.^[2][3] Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.
2. Most sources agree that George Hamilton (d. 1681) was created a Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh in 1660. However, some say it was in the peerage of Ireland,^[51][52][53] others in that of Scotland.^[15] Lodge (1789b) says it is in the baronetage of Nova Scotia.^[54] Hamilton's grandson succeeded him in 1679 and should have become the 2nd Baronet Hamilton of Donalong and Nenagh, but never assumed the title.^[55] This might indicate that this baronetcy had never been created. Cokayne (1903) comments "This non-assumption of the dignity throws some little doubt on its creation."^[56]

Citations

1. Cokayne 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
2. Cokayne 1910, p. 2–11.
3. Paul 1904, p. 37–74.
4. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 35. "His fourth son, Sir George Hamilton, first baronet (c. 1608–1679) soldier and landowner "
5. Cokayne 1903, p. 305, line 4. "... was b. [born] probably about 1607;"
6. Paul 1908, pp. 163–164. "Thomas, sixth Lord Boyd ... fought on her behalf at Langside"
7. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 22"Abercorn married Marion, eldest daughter of Thomas, fifth Lord Boyd, by whom he had five sons and four daughters."
8. Paul 1908, pp. 167. "6. Marion, married James (Hamilton), 1st Earl of Abercorn ... was a very active Catholic ..."
9. Wasser 2004, p. 838 left column, line 36. "... was raised, along with his siblings, by his uncle, Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw, who converted them to Roman Catholicism."
10. Cokayne 1910, p. 3, line 1. "He [James Hamilton] d. v.p. [predeceased his father] at Monkton 23 Mar. and was bur. 29 Ap. 1618 in the Abbey Church, Paisley, age 43."
11. Lodge 1789b, p. 110. "The great proportion and manor of Donalong on his third son George and his heirs ... [footnote]"
12. Holmes 2004, p. 778, right column. "Lord Claud lived in retirement for over twenty years, dying in 1621, and was buried in Paisley Abbey"
13. Gleeson 1937, p. 106. "In the times of Charles I, Sir G. Hamilton procured the concession for mine royal and had expended several 1000 pounds."
14. Lodge 1789b, p. 117. "On 16 October 1627 he succeeded Sir Roger Hope (who died 7 September) in the command of his company in the army."
15. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 33. "4. George (Sir), 1st Bart. of Donalong ... m. [married] 1629 Mary 3rd dau. [daughter] of Thomas Viscount Thurles and sister of the 1st Duke of Ormonde. He d. [died] 1679. She d. Aug 1680 ..."
16. Lodge 1789a, p. 40, line 14. "Mary, married to Sir George Hamilton, ancestor by her to the Earl of Abercorn, and died in August 1680."
17. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 38. "1. James, Col. ... he d.v.p. [predeceased his father] of a wound received in a naval engagement with the Dutch, 6 June 1673 and was buried in Westminster Abbey."
18. Sergeant 1913, p. 217. "At the beginning of June [1676] he took part in the battle of Zebernstieg [Col de Saverne] and was engaged in covering the French retreat on Saverne when he was killed by a musket-shot."
19. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 59. "Anthony, the celebrated Count Hamilton, author of 'Mémoires de Grammont', Lieut.-Gen. in the French service, d. [died] 20 April 1719, aged 74."
20. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 25. "Thomas, in the sea service; d. in New England."
21. Clark 1921, p. 74. "[Thomas Hamilton] rendered James no small service in capturing, off the west coast of Scotland, some of the ships which the Earl of Argyle had equipped to aid Monmouth in his rising."
22. Sewall 1878, p. 176. "May 9 [1687]. Hamilton, Capt. of the Kingsfisher dies."
23. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 26. "Richard, lieut.-gen., d. in France."
24. Boulger 1911, p. 155. "Richard Hamilton had been wounded and taken prisoner by the time that William's cavalry came down from Donore on the right flank of the Irish infantry commanded by him in and behind Oldbridge."
25. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 27. "John, Colonel in the army of James II., killed at the battle of Aughrim."
26. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 29. "Elizabeth, the beautiful and accomplished wife of Philibert, comte de Grammont; she d. 1708."
27. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 31. "Lucia, m. [married] to Sir Donogh of Lamineagh, Bart"
28. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 33. "Margaret, m. [married] to Mathew Forde, Esq. of Seaforde."
29. Cokayne 1910, p. 3, line 3. "His widow, a prominent Rom. Cath., who was excommunicated in the kirk of Paisley on 20 Jan. 1628, d. [died] in the Canongate, Edinburgh, 26 Aug., and was bur. 13 Sep. 1632 with her husband."
30. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 41. "Some time before 5 June 1634 he was made a baronet but of which country is not known."
31. Manning 2001, p. 150. "... of the manor, castle, town and lands of Nenagh for 31 years."
32. Perceval-Maxwell 2009, Paragraph 8. "... on 9 February 1640 he gave Ormond authority to appoint officers to the Irish army, and in September made him lieutenant-general."
33. Sergeant 1913, p. 145, line 16. "Although arrested as a Papist in 1641, during a visit to England, sent to the Tower, and deprived of his commission in the army ... "
34. Graham 1841, p. 277. "He Phelim carried the unfortunate lady to his castle at Kinnaird, where he kept her two or three days, and then sent her to Sir George Hamilton ..."
35. Manning 2001, p. 154, note 40. "After the widow of Claud Hamilton surrendered Strabane Castle to him [i.e. Phelim] in December 1641 ... he sent her to her brother-in-law, 'Sir George Hamilton in Munster' ..."
36. Gleeson 1937, p. 109. "... the alleged murder of 32 Protestants, men, women and children, at the mine workings ..."
37. Cusack 1871, p. 317. "... encamped at Benburb. Here, on the 5th of June A.D. 1646 he [Owen Roe O’Neill] won a victory ..."
38. Hayes-McCoy 1990, p. 197. "He [Owen Roe O'Neill] listened to the nuncio's plea, 'quitted the opportunity of conquest in Ulster' and marched south."
39. Coffey 1914, p. 178. "Now seemed the time to follow up the victory of Benburb and subdue the whole North of Ireland; but it was not to be for letters from the Nuncio caused O'Neill to withdraw from the North and move South ..."
40. Carte 1851, p. 299. "About the same time [Jan 1647], some persons of quality (particularly sir G. Hamilton the younger) arrive at Dublin, having been privately dispatched with signification of his majesty's pleasure, upon the advertisement he had received of the condition of Ireland to this purpose; 'that if it were possible for the marquis to keep Dublin ... but if there we or should be a necessity ... he should rather put them into the hands of the English than of the Irish.' "
41. Bellings 1891, p. 105. "Inchiquin ... besieged the castle of Nenagh ... that a mine was made, capable to receive a barrel of powder ..."
42. Clark 1921, p. 5. "In January 1649, after the peace between the Lord Lieutenant and the Confederates, Sir George was appointed Receiver-General of the Revenues for Ireland, in the place of the Earl of Roscommon who had died."
43. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 48. "In 1649 he was made governor of Nenagh Castle ... "
44. Warner 1768, p. 228. "... taking Nenagh and two other castles, on the tenth of November, he came to his winter quarters at Kilkenny."
45. R. Y. 1833, p. 298, line 10. "The terrible Ireton, when Cromwell left him as his deputy in Ireland, on his way to the siege of Limerick in 1651 battered it from the high ground to the east, and the garrison, finding it untenable, surrendered it at discretion, when, as local tradition has it, Ireton caused its Governor to be hung out of the topmost window of the keep."
46. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 46. "... the Marquis of Ormonde, whom he [Sir George Hamilton] followed to Caen in the spring of 1651 with his wife and family."
47. Carte 1851, p. 384. "The marchioness of Ormond had landed in that country on June 23d [1648], with her three sons and two daughters, and had taken up her residence at Caen"
48. Williams 2014, p. 261. "... Ormond's Roman Catholic brother-in-law Sir George Hamilton, were incorporated into the exiled court at Paris through Ormond's good word."
49. Clark 1921, p. 8, line 27. "... his [Antoine Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the Couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
50. Clark 1921, p. 9. "A little later [in 1657], Charles ... despatched Sir George Hamilton and his brother-in-law, Lord Muskerry, to Madrid to find out whether it would be agreeable to the King of Spain that the Irish now in Spain and those who would come over from the French should be sent immediately into Ireland."
51. Burke 1869, p. 2, right column, bottom. "George (Sir) of Donalong, co. Tyrone, and Nenagh, co. Tipperary, created a baronet of Ireland, in 1660, for his services to the royal cause."
52. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 48. "On the Restoration he returned to England, was created a baronet of Ireland in 1660, and received other grants from Charles II in recompense for his services."
53. Cokayne 1903, p. 305, line 7. "... the Restoration about which period (1660?) he is said to have been created a baronet [I.] ..."
54. Lodge1789b, p. 111. "Sir George Hamilton, Baronet of Nova Scotia, ancestor to the present Earl of Abercorn."
55. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 55, left column, bottom. "James, 6th Earl of Abercorn, who had declined assuming the title of Baronet on the decease of his grandfather, 1679, and was known as Captain Hamilton."
56. Cokayne 1903, p. 305, note c. "This non-assumption of the dignity throws some little doubt on its creation."
57. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 16. "Charles I. ... acc. 27 Mar. 1625 ..."
58. Airy 1886, p. 54, right column. "... and the cessation was signed on the 15 Sept. [1643]."
59. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 169, line 4. "1643, 13 Nov. /21 Jan. 1644 /James Butler, 1st m. of Ormond, L.L. [Lord Lieutenant] (appd by K. Charles I)"
60. Duffy 2002, p. 114. "When the latter [O'Neill] scored a surprise victory at Benburn, on 5 June 1646, over the Ulster Scots led by General Robert Munro, it seemed that the confederates were in sight of victory ..."
61. Carte 1851, p. 265, line 27. "... after taking Roscrea on Sept. 17, and putting man, woman, and child to the sword, except sir G. Hamilton's lady, sister to the marquis of Ormond ..."
62. Airy 1886, p. 56, left column. "On the 28th [July 1647] Ormonde delivered up the regalia and sailed for England, landing at Bristol on 2 Aug."
63. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
64. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
65. Debrett 1816, p. 93, line 7. "d. [died] of a wound in 1673 received commanding a regiment of foot, on board of the navy, with the Duke of York in one of his sea expeditions against the Dutch."
66. Paul 1904, p. 57, line 3. "His regiment being embarked on board the navy, in one of the expeditions of the Duke of York against the Dutch, Colonel Hamilton had one of his legs taken off by a cannon ball of which wound he died 6 June 1673 ..."

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• Warner, Ferdinand (1768). History of the Rebellion and Civil-War in Ireland. Vol. II. Dublin: James William. OCLC 82770539. – 1643 to 1660 and index
• Wasser, Michael (2004). "Hamilton, James, first earl of Abercorn (1575–1618)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 837–838. ISBN 0-19-861374-1.
• Williams, Mark R. F. (2014). The King's Irish Men – The Irish in the Exiled Court of Charles II 1649–1660. London: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-925-5.

Further reading

• Mac Cuarta, Brian (2015). "Scots Catholics in Ulster". In Edwards, David (ed.). The Scots in Early Stuart Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-9721-8. – Snippet view
• The lost Settlement of Dunnalong
• lost Settlement of Dunnalong

Baronetage of Ireland
New creation	Baronet (of Donalong, Tyrone) 1660–1679	Succeeded by James Hamilton