James Hamilton (English Army officer)

Colonel James Hamilton (died 1673) was a courtier to Charles II after the Restoration. He appears in the Mémoires du Comte de Grammont, written by his brother Anthony.

James Hamilton
Died	6 June 1673
Buried	Westminster Abbey
Allegiance	Kingdom of England
Service/branch	English Army
Rank	Colonel
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Colpeper
Children	James

Family tree

James Hamilton with wife, children, parents, and other selected relatives.^[a] His eldest son succeeded as the 6th Earl of Abercorn. Earls 4 & 5 are omitted. They descend from Claud Hamilton of Strabane. Claud 1st Ld Paisley 1546–1621 Margaret Seton d. 1616 James 1st Earl 1575–1618 Marion Boyd d. 1632 George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* James 2nd Earl d. 1670 Claud 2nd Baron H. of Strabane d. 1638 George 1st Bt. Donalong c. 1608 – 1679 Mary Butler d. 1680 James Butler 1st Duke Ormond 1610–1688 George 3rd Earl c. 1636 – bef. 1683 James d. 1673 d.v.p.* Elizabeth Colepeper d. 1709 Anthony c. 1645–1719 Writer James 6th Earl c. 1661 – 1734 Elizabeth Reading d. 1754 James 7th Earl 1686–1744 Anne Plumer 1690–1776 Legend XXX Subject of the article XXX Earls of Abercorn XXX Duke of Ormond *d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris)

In 1651 when about 21, James and his family fled Ireland during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Hamilton then joined the exile court on its wanderings and returned to England with the king at the Restoration. The king appointed him ranger of Hyde Park. Hamilton left the Catholic church to marry a Protestant and the king then appoiinted him a groom of his bedchamber. In 1666 Hamilton represented Strabane in the Irish Parliament. In 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Hamilton lost a leg in a sea-fight with the Dutch and died from the wound a few days later. In 1701 his eldest son succeeded a cousin as 6th Earl of Abercorn.

Birth and origins

James was born about 1638^[b] in Ireland. He was the eldest son of George Hamilton and his wife Mary Butler.^[2] His father was Scottish, the fourth son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn.^[3] His father supported the Marquess of Ormond in the Irish Confederate War and the Cromwellian conquest^[4] and called himself a baronet.^[5][6][c]

James's mother was half Irish and half English, the third daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles and his English Catholic wife Elizabeth Poyntz.^[7] Viscount Thurles (courtesy title) predeceased his father, Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormond, and therefore never succeeded to the earldom.^[8] The Butlers were Old English.^[9] James's mother also was a sister of James Butler,^[7] making her husband a brother-in-law of the lord lieutenant.^[10][4]

James's place of birth and the date of his parents' marriage are affected by errors caused by confusing his father with his granduncle, George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea. Both are called George and both married a Mary Butler.^[11] In 1640 Ormond had granted James's father Nenagh for 31 years.^[12] James was probably born there,^[11]. Hamilton's parents had married in 1635, despite earlier dates reported in error due to the mistaken identity.^[7][1][d]

James was one of nine siblings.^[13] See George, Elizabeth, Anthony, Richard, and John.^[e] James's parents were both Catholic.^[f]

Irish wars and exile

Hamilton's father served in the Irish army under his brother-in-law James Butler, Earl of Ormond, in the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1648) and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649–1653). It has long been believed that James, aged about 16 or 17, his mother and siblings lived in Roscrea, County Tipperary, and were spared when on 17 September 1646, the Confederate Ulster army under Owen O'Neill captured Roscrea Castle from the Munster confederates and killed everybody else in the castle. It seems that this Lady Hamilton was not James's mother but his aunt, the wife of Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea, while James, his mother, and siblings were safe in Nenagh, 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Roscrea.^[14] This confusion was already made by Carte (1737) and repeated by later authors.^[15][16]

On 28 July 1647 Ormond abandoned Dublin to the parliamentarians and left Ireland.^[17] In 1648 Phelim McTuoll O'Neill stormed Nenagh taking it for Owen Roe O'Neill and Rinuccini,^[18] but it was still in the same year recaptured by Inchiquin,^[19] who was now allied with the royalists.

In 1650, Hamilton's father was governor of Nenagh Castle when the Parliamentarian army under Henry Ireton captured the castle on the way back from the unsuccessful siege of Limerick to their winter quarters at Kilkenny.^[20]

Early in 1651, when Hamilton was about 21, his family followed Ormond into French exile.^[21] They first went to Caen^[22] where they were accommodated for some time by Elizabeth Preston, the Marchioness of Ormond. He seems then to have been employed at Charles II's wandering exile court in some ways,^[23] whereas his mother went to Paris, where she lived in the convent of the Convent of the Feuillantines [fr], together with her sister Eleanor Butler, Lady Muskerry.^[24]

Hamilton seems to have been the "Sir James Hamilton" who together with William Armorer, brother of Nicholas Armorer, executed the traitor Henry Manning near Cologne in December 1655.^[g]

In the late 1650s before the Battle of the Dunes (1658), Hamilton was lieutenant-colonel of Middleton's Scottish regiment of foot, which was part of James II's Royalist Army in Exile,^[27][28] but he seems to have lost his post to William Urry when Newburgh became colonel.

Restoration

The Restoration in May 1660 brought Charles II on the English throne.^[29] Hamilton, his father and his elder siblings moved to the court at Whitehall.^[30] James and George, became courtiers.^[31] Charles restored James's father to his estates at Donalong, Ulster.^[32] About that year Charles allegedly also created Hamilton's father baronet of Donalong and Nenagh,^[c] but the king, if he really went that far, refused to go further because the family was Catholic.^[33]

Hyde Park

Hamilton was appointed ranger of Hyde Park on 19 September 1660 following the death, on 13 September 1660, of Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the king's brother, who had held this office.^{[34][35][36][37]} While ranger, he built a partial enclosure of Hyde Park and re-stocked it with deer.

He was given a triangular piece of ground at the southeast corner of the park where the street called Hamilton Place, named after him, is now.^[38] During the Interregnum buildings were erected for the first time between what is now Old Regent Street and Hyde Park Corner. After the Restoration they were leased to Hamilton. A new lease of 99 years would be obtained by Elizabeth, his widow, in 1692.^[39]

Courtier

Hamilton was known for his fine manners, his elegant dress, and his gallantry. His brother, Anthony Hamilton, describes him in the Mémoires du comte de Grammont as follows (translated by Horace Walpole):

The elder of the Hamiltons, their cousin, was the man who of all the court dressed best: he was well made in his person, and possessed those happy talents which lead to fortune, and procure success in love: he was a most assiduous courtier, had the most lively wit, the most polished manners and the most punctual attention for his master imaginable: no person danced better, nor was any one a more general lover: a merit of some account in a court entirely devoted to love and gallantry.^[40][41]

An admirer of the Countess of Chesterfield, his first cousin, he carried on a romance with her by turning her husband's suspicion on the Duke of York, the future King James II, only to discover that York was courting her as well.^[42]

Marriage and children

The king himself obtained for him the hand of Elizabeth, daughter of John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper,^[2] one of the maids of honour to Mary, the Princess Royal.^[43] As the bride was a Protestant, Hamilton changed religion just before the marriage, which took place in 1661.^[43] His mother, a devout Catholic, had in vain tried to dissuade him.^[44]

James and Elizabeth had three sons:

1. James (c. 1661 – 1734), succeeded a second cousin as the 6th Earl of Abercorn^[45]
2. George (d. 1692), became a colonel in the foot guards and fell in the Battle of Steenkerque^[46]
3. William (after 1662 – 1737), married his cousin Margaret Colepeper and became the ancestor of the Hamiltons of Chilston^[47]

Later life, death, succession, and timeline

Hamilton's conversion opened him a career in the English Army. He was appointed colonel of a regiment of foot. Compliance avoided him problems similar to those experienced by his younger brother George, who was dismissed from the Life Guards in 1667 due to his religion^[48] and then took French service. Anthony and Richard, the third and the fifth of the brothers, followed George into French service.

Hamilton was appointed groom of the bedchamber on 28 October 1664, taking the place of Daniel O'Neill who had died on 24 October.^[49][50][51]

He was elected to the House of Commons of the Parliament of Ireland for the Strabane borough and sat as Member of Parliament (M.P.) in the Irish Parliament of 1661 to 1666 at Chichester House between 3 July and 7 August 1666.^[52][53]

On 21 August 1667 Hamilton was appointed Provost Marshal-General of Barbados.^[54] This was a sinecure, which provided him an income without any duty. He never went there.

On 1 June 1670 at Dover,^[55] Hamilton was present at the conclusion of the Secret Treaty of Dover,^[56] together with Henrietta of England, called Minette, duchess of Orléans. Minette returned to France where she suddenly died on the 30th.^[57] Hamilton was one of the witnesses at her post mortem.^[58][59]

Hamilton was killed in the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674) while embarked with his regiment on the new ship-of-the-line Royal Charles, Prince Rupert's flagship.^[60][61][h] One of Hamilton's legs was hit by a cannonball on 3 June 1673 when the ship came under fire from the Dutch.^[62][63] He died three days later, on 6 June 1673, of the consequences of this wound.^[64] The incident happened four days before the first Battle of Schooneveld, which was fought on 7 June 1673. He was buried on 7 June in Westminster Abbey^[65] where his uncle James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond, erected a monument to his memory.^[66] His widow died in 1709.^[67]

Despite being the eldest son, Hamilton never inherited his father's titles and land as his father outlived him by six years. However, in 1701 his eldest son, James, on the death of a second cousin, the last heir-male of the main line of the Abercorns, became the 6th Earl of Abercorn.^[45]

Timeline

As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages. Italics for historical background.
Age	Date	Event
0	Estimated 1638	Born in Ireland^[b]
2–3	1641	Sister Elizabeth born^[68]
4–5	15 Sep 1643	Cessation (truce) between the Confederates and the government^[69]
7–8	17 Sep 1646	Ulster Army captured Roscrea^[15]
8–9	28 Jul 1647	Ormond abandoned Dublin to the Parliamentarians.^[17]
10–11	30 Jan 1649	Charles I beheaded.^[70]
11–12	Oct 1650	Father defended Nenagh Castle against the Parliamentarians^[20]
12–13	1651	Fled to France; was employed at Charles II's wandering court like his father^[23]
16–17	1655	At Heidelberg with Prince Rupert^[71]
19–20	14 Jun 1658	Battle of the Dunes^[72]
21–22	29 May 1660	Restoration of Charles II^[29]
21–22	1660	Returned to England. Became a courtier at Whitehall
21–22	19 Sep 1660	Appointed ranger of Hyde Park^[35]
22–23	1661	Married Elizabeth Colepeper and became a Protestant^[44]
25–26	28 Oct 1664	Appointed groom of the chamber^[49]
27–28	1666	Sat for Strabane in the Irish Parliament of 1661 to 1666^[52]
28–29	21 Aug 1667	Appointed Provost Marshal-General of Barbados, a sine cure^[54]
34–35	6 Jun 1673	Died in the Third Anglo-Dutch War predeceasing his father^[64]

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne^[73] and written genealogies of the Abercorns.^[74][75] Also see the list of children in the text.
2. Strictly speaking, James's birth date is constrained by the marriage of his parents (1635)^[1] and the year 1645 as he must have been at least 21 when he took his seat at parliament in 1666.
3. James's father's article has more detail about these attempts to become a baronet.
4. James's father's article discusses his mistaken identity.
5. James's father's article gives a list of all the nine siblings.
6. James's father's article has some detail about James's Protestant grandfather, the 1st Earl of Abercorn.
7. Smith (2006) points out that the Armorer present must have been William rather than Nicholas.^[25][26]
8. This ship, launched in 1673, should not be confused with the earlier one of the same name that had been launched in 1655 as Naseby.

Citations

1. Manning 2001, p. 150, line 42. "... February 28th 1635 regarding the marriage intended between Hamilton and Mary Butler, sister of the earl, which was to take place before the last day of April."
2. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 38. "1. James, Col. in the service of Charles II  and Groom of the Bedchamber, m. [married] 1661, Elizabeth, dau. [daughter] of John, Lord Colepeper. He d.v.p. [predeceased his father] of a wound received in a naval engagement with the Dutch, 6 June 1673 and was buried in Westminster Abbey."
3. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 35. "His fourth son, Sir George Hamilton, first baronet (c. 1608–1679), soldier and landowner "
4. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 43. "During the Irish wars he served King Charles loyally, in association with his brother-in-law, James Butler, twelfth earl and first duke of Ormond."
5. Mahaffy 1900, p. 53. "5 June [1634] Westminster. The King to the Lord Deputy for Claude Hamilton and Sir George Hamilton, Kt. and Bt. Ordering him to consider a petition ..."
6. G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, note c. "This non-assumption of the dignity throws some little doubt on its creation."
7. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 34. "[Sir George] m. (art. dated 2 June 1629) Mary, 3rd dau. [daughter] of Thomas, Viscount Thurles and sister of the 1st Duke of Ormonde. He d. [died] 1679. She d. Aug 1680 ..."
8. G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 14. "He [Thurles] d. v.p. [predeceasing his father], being drowned off the Skerries 15 Dec. 1619. His widow m. [married] George Mathew, of Thurles, and d. [died] at Thurles. May 1673 in her 86th year."
9. G. E. C. 1889, p. 94. "1. Theobald Walter ... accompanied in 1185 John, Count of Mortaigue, Lord of ireland ... into Ireland."
10. G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 27. "He [James Butler] was cr. [created] 30 Aug. 1642 Marquess of Ormonde [I. [Ireland]];"
11. Manning 2001, p. 149, line 6. "... there were two George Hamiltons, one being the nephew of the other. The older couple lived at Roscrea Castle and the younger couple, the parents of Anthony Hamilton were at Nenagh."
12. Manning 2001, p. 150, last line. "... on May 1st 1640 by a grant ... to George Hamilton of Knockanderig ... of the manor, castle, town and lands of Nenagh for 31 years."
13. Burke & Burke 1915, p. right column, line 33. "4. George (Sir) 1st Bart. of Donalong ... [6 sons and 3 daughters enumerated]"
14. Manning 2001, p. 151, line 43. "This is more likely to have been the older Lady Hamilton considering that the younger Lady Hamilton was reported in May of that year as having been brought to Dublin."
15. Carte 1851, p. 265. "... after taking Roscrea on Sept. 17 [1646], and putting man, woman, and child to the sword, except sir G. Hamilton's lady, sister to the marquis of Ormond ..."
16. Sergeant 1913, p. 145, line 21. "For some reason, when the rebel leader Owen O'Neill took Roscrea, Tipperary, the home of the Hamiltons, in September 1646, and put the inhabitants to the sword, he spared Lady Hamilton and her young children—to which act of clemency we owe, incidentally, the Memoirs of Gramont, Anthony then but newly born."
17. Airy 1886, p. 56, left column, line 29. "On the 28th [July 1647] Ormonde delivered up the regalia and sailed for England, landing at Bristol on 2 Aug."
18. Coffey 1914, p. 207, line 6. "... Phelim McTuoll O'Neill stormed Nenagh ..."
19. Coffey 1914, p. 207, line 19. "... O'Neill heard that Inchiquin had retaken Nenagh ..."
20. Warner 1768, p. 228. "... taking Nenagh and two other castles, on the tenth of November [1650], he [Ireton] came to his winter quarters at Kilkenny."
21. Clark 1921, p. 5, line 24. "In the spring of 1651 took place, at last, the event which had such a determining influence on the fate of the young Hamiltons. Sir George Hamilton left his country for France with his family ..."
22. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 46. "... the Marquis of Ormonde, whom he followed to Caen in the spring of 1651 with his wife and family."
23. Clark 1921, p. 8, line 14. "... James the eldest also joined the wandering court, though the precise nature of his connexion is not known."
24. Clark 1921, p. 8, line 27. "... his [Anthony Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
25. Sergeant 1913, p. 53. "... was 'pistolled' in a wood near Cologne by two of the King's household, Sir James Hamilton and Major Nicholas Armorer. "
26. Smith 2006, paragraph 7. "... he [Manning] was executed, not, as some historians have claimed, by Nicholas Armorer but by his brother William Armorer, an equerry at the exiled court, and Sir James Hamilton."
27. Firth 1903, pp. 69. "A second regiment was intended to be composed entirely of Scots, and Lieutenant-General Middleton was its original commander, with Sir James Hamilton as its lieutenant-colonel."
28. Firth 1903, pp. 73. "The said Middleton hath a regiment of Scots which lie quartered at Bens [sic] in Hainault, and Sir James Hamilton was appointed to be his Lieutenant Colonel, but before Middleton went away, Sir James Levingstone, now called Lord Newburgh, procured the Lieutenant Colonel's place for a sum of money; but this regiment of Middleton's exceeds not 300 men."
29. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
30. Wauchope 2004b, p. 888, right column, line 11. "... until the restoration when the family moved to Whitehall."
31. Rigg 1890, p. 135, right column, line 17. "These two brothers are frequently mentioned in the Mémoires."
32. Elliott 2000, p. 114. "The Scottish settlers Sir George Hamilton and his brother Claud, Lord Strabane, were restored in Tyrone ..."
33. Chisholm 1910b, p. 884, first paragraph, lines lower middle. "The fact that, like his father, he [Anthony Hamilton] was a Roman Catholic prevented his receiving the political promotion ..."
34. Walford 1887, p. 380. "The king appointed his brother, the Duke of Gloucester, to the office of keeper; he, however, held it only for two months and after his death it was granted to James Hamilton, one of the Grooms of the Bedchamber, whose name, as we have already seen, survives in Hamilton Place."
35. Green 1860, p. 270. "[1660] Sept. 19. Whitehall. Warrant for a grant for James Hamilton of the office of ranger or keeper of Hyde Park"
36. Green 1860, p. 368. "[1660] Nov. Grant to James Hamilton of the keeping of Hyde Park and all houses therein for life; fee 8d. per day."
37. Paul 1904, p. 57, line 2. "He [James Hamilton] was appointed Ranger of Hyde Park 29 November 1671."
38. Larwood 1874, p. 58. "Being considerably in the king's favour, Hamilton received some grants in connexion with the Park. One of theses was the triangular piece of ground between the Lodge (which stood on the site of Apsley House) and the present Park Lane; during the Commonwealth the fort and various houses had been built upon it. This was now granted to Mr. Hamilton with the covenant that he should make leases to purchasers to be appointed at half the improved rents. Of course it is from him that this site still bears the name of Hamilton Place."
39. (Knight 1841, p. 207). "On this several houses were subsequently erected during the Protectorate, which were after the Restoration granted to James Hamilton, Esq., the Ranger. Upon his death, the lease was renewed for ninety-nine years to Mrs. Elizabeth Hamilton in 1692."
40. Hamilton 1888, p. 118
41. Hamilton 1811, p. 119. "L'ainé des Hamiltons, leur cousin, étoit l'homme de la cour qui se mettoit le mieux. Il étoit bien fait de sa personne, et possédoit ces talens heureux qui mènent à la fortune et qui font réussir en amour. C'étoit le courtisan le plus assidu, l'esprit le mieux tourné, les manières les plus polies et l'attention la plus régulière pour son maître qu'on pût avoir. Personne ne dansoit mieux, et personne n'étoit si coquet; mérite qu'on comptoit pour quelque chose dans une cour qui ne respiroit que les fêtes et la galanterie."
42. Pepys 1893, p. 360. "He tells me also how the Duke of York is smitten in love with my Lady Chesterfield (a virtuous Lady, daughter of my Lord Ormond); and so much, that the duchess of York hath complained to the king and her father about it, and my Lady Chesterfield is gone into the country for it."
43. Clark 1921, p. 14, line 17"... [the King] obtained the hand of one of the Princess Royal's maids of honour for him."
44. Clark 1921, p. 16. "James Hamilton's marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Colepeper ... took place as early as 1660 or 1661. As the lady was a Protestant, James Hamilton left the Church of Rome shortly before his marriage, to the great sorrow and anger of his devout mother ..."
45. Henderson 1890, p. 185. "Hamilton, James, sixth Earl of Abercorn (1656–1734)"
46. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 44. "(2) George, col. of the foot guards. Killed at the battle of Steinkirk, 1692."
47. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 86. "(3) William, of Chelston, Kent, m. [married] Margaret, dau. [daughter] of Sir Thomas Culpeper, of Hollingborne, was ancestor of Hamilton, Bart. of Trebinshun."
48. Scott 1846, p. 3. "Charles II, being restored to his throne brought over to England several Catholic officers and soldiers who had served abroad with him and his brother the Duke of York and incorporated them with his guards; but the parliament having obliged him to dismiss all officers who were Catholics, the king permitted George Hamilton to take such as were willing to accompany him to France ..."
49. (Debrett 1816, p. 93, line 4). "he was groom to the bed-chamber to Charles II."
50. Sainty & Bucholz 1997, p. 13. "1664 28 Oct. Hamilton J."
51. Cronin 2009, last paragraph. "Daniel O'Neill died 24 October 1664, survived by his wife."
52. Paul 1904, p. 56, bottom. "In 1666 he [James Hamilton] was elected Member of Parliament for the borough of Strabane, and took the seat on 3 July in that year ..."
53. House of Commons 1878, p. 634: "1666 / 3 July / James Hamilton, esq., vice Harvey, deceased / - / ditto [Strabane Borough]"
54. Sainsbury 1880, p. 493. "Warrant for the grant to James Hamilton, Groom of the bedchamber, for the place of Provost Marshal-General of Barbadoes for life, to be exercised by his sufficient deputy ..."
55. Cartwright 1900, p. 332. "On the ist of June, six days after her landing, the Secret Treaty was signed at Dover by Colbert de Croissy on one hand, and by Lord Arlington, Lord Arundel, Sir Thomas Clifford, and Sir Richard Bellings on the other."
56. O Ciardha 2009, 9th paragraph. "He was present with 'Minette' on the conclusion of the secret Anglo–French treaty of Dover in 1670."
57. Cartwright 1900, p. 354. "[She died at] three o'clock on the morning of the 3Oth of June."
58. Clark 1921, p. 36, line 20. "James Hamilton, who had so often brought her [Minette] letters from her brother, was present."
59. Green 1857, p. 586, line 10, Appendix Number II. "... en la presence de son excellence, du Comte Dalsbery (sic), de Mr. l'Abbé Montagu, et Mr. Hamilton, le corps fut exposé sur une table."
60. O Ciardha 2009, 10th paragraph. "James later served with his brother Thomas in the English navy on the outbreak of the Anglo-Dutch war in 1673 as colonel of a regiment of foot on board the Royal Charles."
61. Clowes 1898, p. 310. "Prince Rupert as commander-in-chief, in the royal Charles ..."
62. Debrett 1840, p. 2, right column, line 7. "... d. [died] of a wound in 1673, received commanding a regiment of foot, on board the navy, with the duke of York in one of his sea expeditions against the Dutch."
63. G. E. C. 1910, p. 6, line 7. "... who died v.p. [predeceased his father], being mortally wounded 3 June in a sea-fight with the Dutch ..."
64. Paul 1904, p. 57, line 3. "His [James Hamilton's] regiment being embarked on board the navy, in one of the expeditions of the Duke of York against the Dutch, Colonel Hamilton had one of his legs taken off by a cannon ball of which wound he died 6 June 1673 ..."
65. Chester 1876, p. 180. "1673 June  7 Colonel [blank] Hamlinton; received his death wound in the engagement against the Dutch: within the North monument door."
66. Paul 1904, p. 57, line 7. "... was buried 7 June [1673] in Westminster Abbey, under a monument erected to his memory by his uncle, James Duke of Ormond."
67. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 42. "She [Elizabeth] d. [died] 1709"
68. Rigg 1890, p. 146, left column. "... was born in 1641."
69. Airy 1886, p. 54, right column. "... and the cessation was signed on the 15 Sept. [1643]."
70. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
71. O Ciardha 2009, 8th paragraph. "... and spent 1655 with Prince Rupert at Heidelberg."
72. Mangianiello 2004, p. 170. "Dunes, The / Date: June 14, 1658"
73. G. E. C. 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
74. G. E. C. 1910, pp. 2–11
75. Paul 1904, pp. 37–74

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External links

• The lost Settlement of Dunnalong
• Robert O. Bucholz Database of Court Officers 1660 – 1837, Loyola University of Chicago