A shared church (German: Simultankirche), simultaneum mixtum, a term first coined in 16th-century Germany, is a church in which public worship is conducted by adherents of two or more religious groups. Such churches became common in the German-speaking lands of Europe in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.[1] The different Christian denominations (such as Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, or United, etc.), share the same church building, although they worship at different times and with different clergy. It is thus a form of religious toleration.[1]
Simultaneum as a policy was particularly attractive to rulers who ruled over populations which contained considerable numbers of both Catholics and Protestants. It was often the opposite of cuius regio, eius religio and used in situations where a ruler was of a different religion than the majority of the people, and not strong enough to impose his religion on the population.[1]
During the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), Louis XIV of France occupied the Electorate of the Palatinate, a Protestant region situated mainly in the western part of what is today Germany, where he introduced the simultaneum. At the end of the war the region returned to Protestant control, but a last-minute addition to the Treaty of Ryswick provided for a continuation of the simultaneum. Although intended to apply only to the Palatinate, the simultaneum was subsequently also applied in portions of Protestant Alsace (a region ruled by France, but where the Edict of Fontainebleau was not enforced).
Following the compromise between the Reformed Aniconism and Lutheran Adiaphora in Ringstedt's Reformed-Lutheran simultaneum of St. Fabian there is a Lutheran altar, but it shows no crucifix, but only candles.
Map of all simultaneum churches in Germany
Lutheran and Catholic altars in St. M. Kozal church in Gniezno, Poland
Wetzlar, former collegiate church, colloquially Wetzlar Cathedral, since 1544–1817 a Catholic-Lutheran, from then on a Catholic-United simultaneum
Wilnsdorf-Rödgen, St. John the Baptist Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day
Worms-Pfeddersheim, simultaneum, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day
Worms-Rheindürkheim, St. Peter Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day
Poland
Gniezno, St. Michał Kozal Church, Roman Catholic and Evangelical (of the Augsburg confession) simultaneum (the church with two presbyteries)
United Kingdom
Arundel, St. Nicholas' Church and Fitzalan Chapel. This consists of an Anglican parish church, with a separate Roman Catholic chapel attached, the latter being the burial place of the Dukes of Norfolk. Although these exist within a single building, it is suggested that this should not be properly considered a simultaneum, as there is no worship space which is shared, but used at different times. The two spaces are separated by an iron grille, and a glass screen, which is kept locked, except during very occasional ecumenical services. The glass screen replaces a brick wall which was erected by a Duke of Norfolk in the 19th century. It was lowered in 1956 and entirely removed in 1970.[4]
Warrington, The Church of the Resurrection and St. Bridget was a shared church building between the Church of England's Church of the Resurrection and the Roman Catholic's St Bridget's RC Church. The building opened in 1988 after originally being planned in 1984 when Bishop David Sheppard, the Anglican Bishop of Liverpool, and Archbishop Derek Worlock, RC Prelate of Liverpool, put forward the proposal.[5] The worship space within the Church was shared by both communities, but Anglican and Catholic services were at different times throughout the week. The Church closed in November 2022 due to falling numbers of parishioners.
United States
Virginia Beach, Church of the Holy Apostles, Roman Catholic and Anglican simultaneum[6]
Pennsylvania; Historically, Lutheran (ELCA) and Reformed (UCC) German immigrants commonly shared churches, particularly in the Pennsylvania Dutch Country region, although some congregations have since built their own separate churches.[7]
The main traditional pilgrim churches of Jerusalem and Bethlehem are shared between several denominations. The regulatory work is known as the "Status quo", a type of church-sharing which is in no way related to the West European Protestant-Catholic sharing system described here (the "simultaneum").[citation needed][who?]
Musée virtuel du Protestantisme, "Le Simultaneum" (French language): "Le simultaneum résulte de l'histoire alsacienne. Il s'agit d'un édifice cultuel utilisé simultanément par les deux confessions catholique et protestante." [3]
[The] Rhein and Laeng of Herrliesheim: Brief History of Alsace-Lorraine[4]
^"Two Altars, One Mass: Catholics and Episcopalians worship together in a unique church". TIME. Vol. 117. 1981. p. 20.
^"The Union Church: A Case of Lutheran and Reformed Cooperation".
External links
Catholic-Protestant community in Germany making “ecumenical congregations” a reality - Novena News
January 19, 2023
simultaneum, confused, with, double, church, shared, church, german, simultankirche, simultaneum, mixtum, term, first, coined, 16th, century, germany, church, which, public, worship, conducted, adherents, more, religious, groups, such, churches, became, common. Not to be confused with Double church A shared church German Simultankirche simultaneum mixtum a term first coined in 16th century Germany is a church in which public worship is conducted by adherents of two or more religious groups Such churches became common in the German speaking lands of Europe in the wake of the Protestant Reformation 1 The different Christian denominations such as Roman Catholic Lutheran Reformed or United etc share the same church building although they worship at different times and with different clergy It is thus a form of religious toleration 1 Simultaneum as a policy was particularly attractive to rulers who ruled over populations which contained considerable numbers of both Catholics and Protestants It was often the opposite of cuius regio eius religio and used in situations where a ruler was of a different religion than the majority of the people and not strong enough to impose his religion on the population 1 During the Nine Years War 1688 1697 Louis XIV of France occupied the Electorate of the Palatinate a Protestant region situated mainly in the western part of what is today Germany where he introduced the simultaneum At the end of the war the region returned to Protestant control but a last minute addition to the Treaty of Ryswick provided for a continuation of the simultaneum Although intended to apply only to the Palatinate the simultaneum was subsequently also applied in portions of Protestant Alsace a region ruled by France but where the Edict of Fontainebleau was not enforced Contents 1 Examples 1 1 Belgium 1 2 France 1 3 Germany 1 4 Poland 1 5 United Kingdom 1 6 United States 2 Holy Land church sharing 3 See also 4 References 5 Notes 6 External linksExamples Edit Following the compromise between the Reformed Aniconism and Lutheran Adiaphora in Ringstedt s Reformed Lutheran simultaneum of St Fabian there is a Lutheran altar but it shows no crucifix but only candles Map of all simultaneum churches in Germany Lutheran and Catholic altars in St M Kozal church in Gniezno Poland Triple in New York A United Methodist church now shared by Jewish and Presbyterian congregations Belgium Edit Olne province of Liege a simultaneum was introduced in 1649France Edit Bearn there used to be a simultaneum there between 1561 1569 Old Saint Peter s Church Strasbourg Alsace now divided into separate Protestant and Catholic churches Wissembourg Alsace there was a so called trimultaneum with a Catholic Lutheran and Reformed congregation sharing one churchGermany Edit Altenberg im Bergischen Land Altenberger Dom since 1857 Catholic United simultaneum Althaldensleben Double Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Bautzen St Peter s Cathedral oldest Catholic Lutheran simultaneum since 1524 Bechtolsheim Ss Mary and Christopher Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Berlin French Church of Friedrichstadt Calvinist United simultaneum since 1981 St Martin s Church Biberach Catholic Lutheran simultaneum until the present day Biebelsheim St Martin s Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Boos upon Nahe Simultaneum 2 3 Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Brauneberg St Remigius Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Braunfels Castle Church since 2005 a Catholic United simultaneum Wildenreuth St James Church Catholic Lutheran simultaneum until the present day Frondenberg Collegiate Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Gau Odernheim St Rufus Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Goldenstedt in Vechta Lower Saxony was a simultaneum between 1650 and 1850 Gross Ammensleben former Cloister Church from 1614 until 1817 a Catholic Lutheran simultaneum since then a Catholic United simultaneum Hahn im Hunsruck Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Hildesheim St Michael s Church since 1542 a Catholic Lutheran simultaneum Frankenhof St Margareth Church Catholic Lutheran simultaneum until the present day Gotzendorf in Bavaria St Magdalena Church Catholic Lutheran simultaneum until the present day Illschwang St Vitus Church Catholic Lutheran simultaneum until the present day Kulmbach the castle chapel on the Plassenburg Catholic Lutheran simultaneum until the present day Mosbach St Juliana Collegiate Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Neuried Schutterzell St Michael s Church a Catholic United since 1804 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse Collegiate Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Otterberg Otterberg Abbey Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Rheinberg Ossenberg Castle Chapel a Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Ringstedt St Fabian Church since 1706 a Reformed Lutheran simultaneum Rohrdorf in the Black Forest John s Church a Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Saarbrucken Church of Peace German Friedenskirche an Old Catholic Russian Orthodox simultaneum until the present day Siebeldingen St Quintinus Church a Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Thuine St George s Church Catholic Reformed simultaneum until the present day Vechta Cloister Church German Klosterkirche since 1818 a Catholic Lutheran simultaneum Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse St George s Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Wetzlar former collegiate church colloquially Wetzlar Cathedral since 1544 1817 a Catholic Lutheran from then on a Catholic United simultaneum Wilnsdorf Rodgen St John the Baptist Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Worms Pfeddersheim simultaneum Catholic United simultaneum until the present day Worms Rheindurkheim St Peter Church Catholic United simultaneum until the present dayPoland Edit Gniezno St Michal Kozal Church Roman Catholic and Evangelical of the Augsburg confession simultaneum the church with two presbyteries United Kingdom Edit Arundel St Nicholas Church and Fitzalan Chapel This consists of an Anglican parish church with a separate Roman Catholic chapel attached the latter being the burial place of the Dukes of Norfolk Although these exist within a single building it is suggested that this should not be properly considered a simultaneum as there is no worship space which is shared but used at different times The two spaces are separated by an iron grille and a glass screen which is kept locked except during very occasional ecumenical services The glass screen replaces a brick wall which was erected by a Duke of Norfolk in the 19th century It was lowered in 1956 and entirely removed in 1970 4 Warrington The Church of the Resurrection and St Bridget was a shared church building between the Church of England s Church of the Resurrection and the Roman Catholic s St Bridget s RC Church The building opened in 1988 after originally being planned in 1984 when Bishop David Sheppard the Anglican Bishop of Liverpool and Archbishop Derek Worlock RC Prelate of Liverpool put forward the proposal 5 The worship space within the Church was shared by both communities but Anglican and Catholic services were at different times throughout the week The Church closed in November 2022 due to falling numbers of parishioners United States Edit Virginia Beach Church of the Holy Apostles Roman Catholic and Anglican simultaneum 6 Pennsylvania Historically Lutheran ELCA and Reformed UCC German immigrants commonly shared churches particularly in the Pennsylvania Dutch Country region although some congregations have since built their own separate churches 7 Holy Land church sharing EditMain article Status quo Holy Land sites The main traditional pilgrim churches of Jerusalem and Bethlehem are shared between several denominations The regulatory work is known as the Status quo a type of church sharing which is in no way related to the West European Protestant Catholic sharing system described here the simultaneum citation needed who Church of the Holy Sepulchre Jerusalem Greek Orthodox Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox Catholic simultaneum until the present day dubious discuss Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem dubious discuss See also EditEcumenism Local ecumenical partnership Interfaith worship spaces Multifaith spaceReferences EditHighBeam Research dictionary definition simultaneum 1 dead link Wiki Protestants org Simultaneum French language 2 Musee virtuel du Protestantisme Le Simultaneum French language Le simultaneum resulte de l histoire alsacienne Il s agit d un edifice cultuel utilise simultanement par les deux confessions catholique et protestante 3 The Rhein and Laeng of Herrliesheim Brief History of Alsace Lorraine 4 Bernhard Brockmann Simultaneum in Goldenstedt 5 Notes Edit a b c Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe Harvard University Press 2007 Chapter 8 pp 198 ff Simultaneum in Boos Nahe permanent dead link Boos Nahe photos of the simultaneum St Nicholas Church Arundel a brief history undated apparently published by the Vicar and Churchwardens https www warrington worldwide co uk 2022 10 21 unique shared church to close next month Two Altars One Mass Catholics and Episcopalians worship together in a unique church TIME Vol 117 1981 p 20 The Union Church A Case of Lutheran and Reformed Cooperation External links EditCatholic Protestant community in Germany making ecumenical congregations a reality Novena News Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Simultaneum amp oldid 1124182821, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
