The silver redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum: Moxostoma= mouth to suck; anisurum = unequal tail[3]) is a species of freshwater fish endemic to Canada and the United States.[4] It is the longest-lived redhorse known (a group of 25 extant species), with a maximum reported age of 41 years.[2] Sometimes called redhorse or sucker for short, it is in the family Catostomidae with other suckers. The species is distributed from Quebec to Alberta and is also in the Mississippi River, St. Lawrence River, Ohio River, and the Great Lakes basins. The current world record is 14 pounds, 14 ounces, caught by Chris Stephenson on Pickwick Lake in Alabama, April 1995 and certified by National Freshwater Fishing Hall of Fame. This species is of growing interest to rod-and-line anglers.[5][6] The long-lived and late-maturing silver redhorse is also a sportfish pursued by kill-and-dump bowfishing, a 21st century unregulated sport that produces tons of wanton waste, and thus management and conservation are in need of updating.[2]
The United States distribution of the Silver Redhorse.Seen here are more than a thousand redhorse that were dumped for disposal at a single-night bowfishing tournament in Minnesota, along with numerous other native fish species.[2] Silver redhorse were a large part of this redhorse disposal, which occurs unregulated at bowfishing tournaments. Native species made up ~92% of the taxa dumped at this tournament. See 2023 study[2] for more details.
The silver redhorse is silver on both sides and has a dark gray-brown back and a slate gray tail. The caudal fin is large and moderately forked. Each lobe of the fin is pointed and equal in size.[7] On the silver sides there are 41–42 cycloid lateral line scales.[8] The single dorsal fin does not have any dorsal spines, but instead contains 14–17 soft rays. Their dorsal fin is slightly convex (rounded outward) and is located approximately in the middle of the back. There is no adipose fin (unstructured fin found behind the rayed dorsal fin) present on the back of the fish. The mouth of the silver redhorse is in the inferior position, as it is a bottom feeder. The rear edge of the silver redhorse lips forms a deep "V". Because of extreme similarities, the silver red horse is commonly confused with the Black redhorse and the Golden redhorse. However, both of these redhorses have slightly concave dorsal fins (curves in toward body) with only 12-14 fin rays. Additionally the Silver red horse is more deep-bodied than the golden or black redhorse. It typically weights 2–5 pounds and measures 18-24 inches long, but it can reach up to 10 pounds and 30 inches.[9]
Geographic distributionedit
The native range of the silver red horse is the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence and Mississippi River basins. However, there have been instances in which the fish was found in Clayton lake and the New River Drainage in North Carolina.[10] The silver redhorse is also widely distributed in eastern North America from Missouri to Quebec with most residing in the southeastern United States.[11] It is typically found in lakes and in small to large rivers, where it often lives in undercut banks or protruding tree roots. They are also found in deep pools with little to no current and a sand substrate at the bottom of the pool useful for burying their eggs.[9] They are a good indicator of water quality as they cannot tolerate murky water.[9]
Dietedit
Due to its inferior mouth position, this fish is a bottom feeder. It feeds on mollusks, algae, detritus, immature insects, and other small invertebrates. Monogenea parasites have been found in the gills of the silver redhorse.[12]
Life historyedit
The silver redhorse generally spawns in the spring in or around April or May when the water temperatures reach around 53 degrees Fahrenheit.[13] They take advantage of the shallow landforms flowing channels, also known as riffles, and spawn at the top and the bottoms of the riffles at night. One study in Quebec, Canada found that the silver redhorse is abundant in what they call V-males, as they outnumber the females considerably. For every female on the spawning bed, there is a minimum of 2 males that are used to successfully reproduce.[13] The common methodology includes two males pressing a female between them, causing a vibration to occur while the egg and the sperm are released. The females bury their eggs in the gravel and offer no further parental care.[9] Reproduction maturity for the species happens late in its life usually around four to five years of age. The species thrives in deep bottomed lakes and river systems which promote optimal nest succession year in and year out. The lifespan for the species is several decades, with 41 years being the maximum age reported.[2]
Relationship with humansedit
The species is quite abundant in southeastern rivers including the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio river systems.[11] The silver redhorse is increasingly recreationally fished for throughout most of the areas in which it inhabits.[2][6][5] This includes bowfishing, a sport which disposes whole-bodied native fish by the ton, including silver redhorse.[2] In Minnesota, 21st century tournament bowfishing of redhorse exceeds the commercial harvest level by more than 200 times. Currently, this long-lived, late-maturing, and variably-reproducing species is of conservation concern and urgently requires new management.[2] The silver redhorse is listed as threatened in the Strawberry River basin in Arkansas.[11] The IGFA all-tackle record stands at 11 lb, 7 oz caught from Plum Creek in Wisconsin in 1985.[14]
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2005). "Moxostoma anisurum" in FishBase. November 2005 version.
NatureServe - Moxostoma anisurum
Referencesedit
^NatureServe (2013). "Moxostoma anisurum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202159A18230929. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202159A18230929.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^ abcdefghLackmann, Alec R.; Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S.; Jacobson, Reed I.; Andrews, Allen H.; Butler, Malcolm G.; Clark, Mark E. (2023-08-30). "Harvest trends, growth and longevity, and population dynamics reveal traditional assumptions for redhorse (Moxostoma spp.) management in Minnesota are not supported". Environmental Biology of Fishes. doi:10.1007/s10641-023-01460-8. ISSN 1573-5133.
^"Silver Redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum) - Species Profile".
^ abcMcAllister, Chris T. et al. "Distribution of the Silver Redhorse, Moxostoma Anisurum (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae), in Arkansas." Southwestern Naturalist 54.4 (2009): 514-518.
^Mergo, J. C., and A. M. White "2 New Species of Dactylogyridae (Monogenea) from the Silver Redhorse, Moxostoma anisurum." Journal of Parasitology 68.5 (1982): 946-948.
^ abComtois, A. et al "The Spring Survey of a Multi-specific Spawning Ground: The Ichthyofauna of the Rapids of the Gatineau River, Quebec." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118.4 (2004): 521-529. Print
^"Redhorse, Silver". igfa.org. International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
December 04, 2023
silver, redhorse, silver, redhorse, moxostoma, anisurum, moxostoma, mouth, suck, anisurum, unequal, tail, species, freshwater, fish, endemic, canada, united, states, longest, lived, redhorse, known, group, extant, species, with, maximum, reported, years, somet. The silver redhorse Moxostoma anisurum Moxostoma mouth to suck anisurum unequal tail 3 is a species of freshwater fish endemic to Canada and the United States 4 It is the longest lived redhorse known a group of 25 extant species with a maximum reported age of 41 years 2 Sometimes called redhorse or sucker for short it is in the family Catostomidae with other suckers The species is distributed from Quebec to Alberta and is also in the Mississippi River St Lawrence River Ohio River and the Great Lakes basins The current world record is 14 pounds 14 ounces caught by Chris Stephenson on Pickwick Lake in Alabama April 1995 and certified by National Freshwater Fishing Hall of Fame This species is of growing interest to rod and line anglers 5 6 The long lived and late maturing silver redhorse is also a sportfish pursued by kill and dump bowfishing a 21st century unregulated sport that produces tons of wanton waste and thus management and conservation are in need of updating 2 Silver redhorseSilver redhorse Moxostoma anisurum Conservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CypriniformesFamily CatostomidaeGenus MoxostomaSpecies M anisurumBinomial nameMoxostoma anisurum Rafinesque 1820 SynonymsCatostomus anisurus Rafinesque 1820The United States distribution of the Silver Redhorse Seen here are more than a thousand redhorse that were dumped for disposal at a single night bowfishing tournament in Minnesota along with numerous other native fish species 2 Silver redhorse were a large part of this redhorse disposal which occurs unregulated at bowfishing tournaments Native species made up 92 of the taxa dumped at this tournament See 2023 study 2 for more details Contents 1 Morphology 2 Geographic distribution 3 Diet 4 Life history 5 Relationship with humans 6 Sources 7 ReferencesMorphology editThe silver redhorse is silver on both sides and has a dark gray brown back and a slate gray tail The caudal fin is large and moderately forked Each lobe of the fin is pointed and equal in size 7 On the silver sides there are 41 42 cycloid lateral line scales 8 The single dorsal fin does not have any dorsal spines but instead contains 14 17 soft rays Their dorsal fin is slightly convex rounded outward and is located approximately in the middle of the back There is no adipose fin unstructured fin found behind the rayed dorsal fin present on the back of the fish The mouth of the silver redhorse is in the inferior position as it is a bottom feeder The rear edge of the silver redhorse lips forms a deep V Because of extreme similarities the silver red horse is commonly confused with the Black redhorse and the Golden redhorse However both of these redhorses have slightly concave dorsal fins curves in toward body with only 12 14 fin rays Additionally the Silver red horse is more deep bodied than the golden or black redhorse It typically weights 2 5 pounds and measures 18 24 inches long but it can reach up to 10 pounds and 30 inches 9 Geographic distribution editThe native range of the silver red horse is the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence and Mississippi River basins However there have been instances in which the fish was found in Clayton lake and the New River Drainage in North Carolina 10 The silver redhorse is also widely distributed in eastern North America from Missouri to Quebec with most residing in the southeastern United States 11 It is typically found in lakes and in small to large rivers where it often lives in undercut banks or protruding tree roots They are also found in deep pools with little to no current and a sand substrate at the bottom of the pool useful for burying their eggs 9 They are a good indicator of water quality as they cannot tolerate murky water 9 Diet editDue to its inferior mouth position this fish is a bottom feeder It feeds on mollusks algae detritus immature insects and other small invertebrates Monogenea parasites have been found in the gills of the silver redhorse 12 Life history editThe silver redhorse generally spawns in the spring in or around April or May when the water temperatures reach around 53 degrees Fahrenheit 13 They take advantage of the shallow landforms flowing channels also known as riffles and spawn at the top and the bottoms of the riffles at night One study in Quebec Canada found that the silver redhorse is abundant in what they call V males as they outnumber the females considerably For every female on the spawning bed there is a minimum of 2 males that are used to successfully reproduce 13 The common methodology includes two males pressing a female between them causing a vibration to occur while the egg and the sperm are released The females bury their eggs in the gravel and offer no further parental care 9 Reproduction maturity for the species happens late in its life usually around four to five years of age The species thrives in deep bottomed lakes and river systems which promote optimal nest succession year in and year out The lifespan for the species is several decades with 41 years being the maximum age reported 2 Relationship with humans editThe species is quite abundant in southeastern rivers including the Mississippi Missouri and Ohio river systems 11 The silver redhorse is increasingly recreationally fished for throughout most of the areas in which it inhabits 2 6 5 This includes bowfishing a sport which disposes whole bodied native fish by the ton including silver redhorse 2 In Minnesota 21st century tournament bowfishing of redhorse exceeds the commercial harvest level by more than 200 times Currently this long lived late maturing and variably reproducing species is of conservation concern and urgently requires new management 2 The silver redhorse is listed as threatened in the Strawberry River basin in Arkansas 11 The IGFA all tackle record stands at 11 lb 7 oz caught from Plum Creek in Wisconsin in 1985 14 Sources edit Moxostoma anisurum Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 6 June 2006 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2005 Moxostoma anisurum in FishBase November 2005 version NatureServe Moxostoma anisurumReferences edit NatureServe 2013 Moxostoma anisurum IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T202159A18230929 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T202159A18230929 en Retrieved 20 November 2021 a b c d e f g h Lackmann Alec R Bielak Lackmann Ewelina S Jacobson Reed I Andrews Allen H Butler Malcolm G Clark Mark E 2023 08 30 Harvest trends growth and longevity and population dynamics reveal traditional assumptions for redhorse Moxostoma spp management in Minnesota are not supported Environmental Biology of Fishes doi 10 1007 s10641 023 01460 8 ISSN 1573 5133 Moxostoma anisurum Silver redhorse gamefish www fishbase se Retrieved 2023 09 04 Phillips G Schmid W Underhill J 1982 Fishes of the Minnesota Region University of Minnesota 162 163 a b Winter Tyler Trash Fish Tuesday Redhorse www themeateater com Retrieved 2023 09 04 a b Redhorse river Fishing for St Croix suckers offers serious sport St Croix 360 2020 05 14 Retrieved 2023 09 04 Page L Burr B 1991 Freshwater Fishes Lawrance M Page and Brooks M Buur 186 Print Fish Details www seagrant wisc edu Archived from the original on 2015 09 08 a b c d http wildlife ohiodnr gov species and habitats species guide index fish silver redhorse Silver Redhorse Moxostoma anisurum Species Profile a b c McAllister Chris T et al Distribution of the Silver Redhorse Moxostoma Anisurum Cypriniformes Catostomidae in Arkansas Southwestern Naturalist 54 4 2009 514 518 Mergo J C and A M White 2 New Species of Dactylogyridae Monogenea from the Silver Redhorse Moxostoma anisurum Journal of Parasitology 68 5 1982 946 948 a b Comtois A et al The Spring Survey of a Multi specific Spawning Ground The Ichthyofauna of the Rapids of the Gatineau River Quebec Canadian Field Naturalist 118 4 2004 521 529 Print Redhorse Silver igfa org International Game Fish Association Retrieved 17 May 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Silver redhorse amp oldid 1176072970, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
