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The siege of Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza took place from 14 September 1936 to 1 May 1937 in Andújar, Jaén, during the Spanish Civil War. The Republican army surrounded around 1,200 rebel civil guards and falangists who supported the Nationalists and forced them to surrender after a protracted offensive.
After the failed coup of July 1936 in Andalusia, many groups of rebel civil guards retreated from their garrisons to hilltops, monasteries and others easily defensible points, living by robbing from the neighborhood. The longest surviving group of rebels was the encampment of the Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza's Sanctuary.
The siegeEdit
In August 1936, 250 civil guards from Jaén, most of their families, 100 falangists and about 1,000 members of the bourgeoisie of Andújar (Beevor: around 1,200 civil guards and falangists),[1] retreated to the Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza's shrine, near Andújar. During the first months of the war, there had been no attack launched against this enclave, because the Republican committee of Andújar did not know that the civil guards of the shrine were rebels. After gathering a good supply of food, the civil guards decided to send a declaration of war to the committee in September 1936. Their commander, Major Nofuentes, who wanted to surrender, was deposed by captain Santiago Cortés and the Republicans started the siege. Nationalist aircraft from Córdoba and Seville dropped supplies into the encampment (160,000 pounds of food from Seville and 140,000 pounds from Córdoba). Medical supplies and delicate goods were attached to live turkeys. Furthermore, pigeons sent news and messages to the Nationalists in Seville.
In December 1936, Queipo de Llano launched an offensive in order to occupy Andújar and relieve the shrine, but the offensive was stopped at Lopera in January 1937 (20 milles away from Andújar). In April 1937, the Republican government decided to crush the resistance of the rebels and sent a large force (20,000 men), led by communist major Martínez Cartón. The Republican forces split the rebel enclave in two and conquered the encampment of Lugar Nuevo. Franco then gave permission to Cortés to evacuate women and children and to surrender should resistance become impossible, but Cortés rejected the evacuation of the women and children. On April 30, Cortés was wounded and on May 1, the Republicans broke into the sanctuary.
AftermathEdit
The remaining rebels were taken prisoner and Cortés died of wounds in hospital.[2] The rebels received little recognition in Nationalist Spain.[3]
^Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London. p.124
^Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. pp.611-612
^Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London. p.124
ReferencesEdit
Beevor, Antony. (2006). The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London.
Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London.
Antonio Marín Muñoz. (2004). I besiege to the Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Head, of Andújar (1936-1937). Madrid.
External linksEdit
Website dedicated to the siege
October 25, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish July 2011 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Spanish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 122 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Asedio del Santuario de Nuestra Senora de la Cabeza see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Asedio del Santuario de Nuestra Senora de la Cabeza to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The siege of Santuario de Nuestra Senora de la Cabeza took place from 14 September 1936 to 1 May 1937 in Andujar Jaen during the Spanish Civil War The Republican army surrounded around 1 200 rebel civil guards and falangists who supported the Nationalists and forced them to surrender after a protracted offensive Siege of Santuario de Nuestra Senora de la CabezaPart of the Spanish Civil WarDateSeptember 14 1936 May 1 1937LocationNuestra Senora de la Cabeza Sanctuary north of Andujar Jaen Andalusia Spain38 10 44 N 4 02 19 W 38 17889 N 4 03861 W 38 17889 4 03861ResultRepublican victoryBelligerentsSpanish Republic Spanish Republican Army Spanish Republican Air ForceNationalist Spain Guardia Civil FE de las JONSCommanders and leadersLt Col Carlos Garcia Vallejo Maj Pedro Martinez CartonCpt Santiago Cortes DOW Lt Francisco Ruano Beltran POW StrengthSeptember 1936 1 500 soldiers and militiamenMay 1937 6 000 12 000 soldiers15 T 26 tanksSeptember 1936 165 Guardia Civil gendarmes72 FE de las JONS volunteers870 887 civiliansCasualties and losses150 dead 250 wounded Contents 1 Background 2 The siege 3 Aftermath 4 See also 5 Footnotes 6 References 7 External linksBackground EditAfter the failed coup of July 1936 in Andalusia many groups of rebel civil guards retreated from their garrisons to hilltops monasteries and others easily defensible points living by robbing from the neighborhood The longest surviving group of rebels was the encampment of the Nuestra Senora de la Cabeza s Sanctuary The siege EditIn August 1936 250 civil guards from Jaen most of their families 100 falangists and about 1 000 members of the bourgeoisie of Andujar Beevor around 1 200 civil guards and falangists 1 retreated to the Nuestra Senora de la Cabeza s shrine near Andujar During the first months of the war there had been no attack launched against this enclave because the Republican committee of Andujar did not know that the civil guards of the shrine were rebels After gathering a good supply of food the civil guards decided to send a declaration of war to the committee in September 1936 Their commander Major Nofuentes who wanted to surrender was deposed by captain Santiago Cortes and the Republicans started the siege Nationalist aircraft from Cordoba and Seville dropped supplies into the encampment 160 000 pounds of food from Seville and 140 000 pounds from Cordoba Medical supplies and delicate goods were attached to live turkeys Furthermore pigeons sent news and messages to the Nationalists in Seville In December 1936 Queipo de Llano launched an offensive in order to occupy Andujar and relieve the shrine but the offensive was stopped at Lopera in January 1937 20 milles away from Andujar In April 1937 the Republican government decided to crush the resistance of the rebels and sent a large force 20 000 men led by communist major Martinez Carton The Republican forces split the rebel enclave in two and conquered the encampment of Lugar Nuevo Franco then gave permission to Cortes to evacuate women and children and to surrender should resistance become impossible but Cortes rejected the evacuation of the women and children On April 30 Cortes was wounded and on May 1 the Republicans broke into the sanctuary Aftermath EditThe remaining rebels were taken prisoner and Cortes died of wounds in hospital 2 The rebels received little recognition in Nationalist Spain 3 See also EditList of Spanish Republican military equipment of the Spanish Civil War List of Spanish Nationalist military equipment of the Spanish Civil WarFootnotes Edit Beevor Antony The Battle for Spain The Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 Penguin Books London p 124 Thomas Hugh 2001 The Spanish Civil War Penguin Books London pp 611 612 Beevor Antony The Battle for Spain The Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 Penguin Books London p 124References EditBeevor Antony 2006 The Battle for Spain The Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 Penguin Books London Thomas Hugh 2001 The Spanish Civil War Penguin Books London Antonio Marin Munoz 2004 I besiege to the Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Head of Andujar 1936 1937 Madrid External links EditWebsite dedicated to the siege Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Siege of Santuario de Nuestra Senora de la Cabeza amp oldid 1160723794, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
